scholarly journals PATTERN OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN OBESE AND NON-OBESE TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING MEDICINE OUTDOOR OF A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN KOLKATA: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Agnihotri Bhattacharyya ◽  
Dr. Kaushik Kar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population

Introduction: The diagnostic parameters of diabetes in obese and non obese individuals might not be always same because the physiological basis of developing diabetes in them is not similar. Objectives: The present study has been done to assess any significant difference in the Clinical and Biochemical parameters of diabetes like Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1C), Fasting and Post prandial Blood Sugar (FBS and PPBS) among obese and non obese Type II Diabetes patients. Methodology: The present study was undertaken in the Medicine Outdoor of Calcutta National Medical College during June to August 2018 among 100 Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients of both sexes and aged 18 or above prior to an informed consent. Any significant difference in the Clinical and Biochemical parameters of diabetes among different groups of Diabetic patients as per BMI and waist circumference was assessed. Data was analyzed by standard statistical software like SPSS version 20 with proportion and percentage and using parametric and non-parametric tests like Chi-squares and ANNOVA. Result: The study reveals that 30% of the study population has BMI 25-29.99 kg/m2, 9% has 30-34.99 kg/m2 and 3% have BMI between 35-39.99 kg/m2 and 83.67% of Males and 96.07% of females have increased Waist Circumference Complications like Diabetic Nephropathy, Retinopathy, Neuropathy and Foot ulcer etc was found in 61% of the study population. There is significant difference in mean values of Glycosylated Haemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and post prandial blood sugar in the different groups of BMI. 32.78% of patients with complications of Diabetes Mellitus have BMI>24.99 and this association is statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study has found significant difference of the mean values of diagnostic parameters of diabetes in different groups according to Body Mass Index.  However the study was performed with the population who were already on treatment for some duration, so there can be a variation of findings in the present study from other studies done in different settings like primary care hospitals or with patients at onset of diabetes. Key words: Diabetes, Glycosylated Haemoglobin, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar

scholarly journals Elevated serum uric acid and triglycerides level in the patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus- a Nepalese case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Hridaya Parajuli ◽  
Jyotsna Shakya ◽  
Bashu Dev Pardhe ◽  
Puspa Raj Khanal ◽  
Narayan Prasad Parajuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Hyperuricemia is associated with type 2 diabetes, which is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies resulting from defects in insulin action. The present study wascarried out to look for any association between uric acid and Type II Diabetes Mellitus and also status of triacylglycerol level among those patients.Methods: The blood samples were collected 100 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic individuals in the department of biochemistry and then analyzed for estimation of blood glucose, Uric Acid and Triacylglycerol level.Results: The average level of serum uric acid in diabetic patients was higher (5.706±1.617) in comparison to non diabetic subjects (4.322±0.784) with statistically significant difference (p≤0.05). For female the result indicate there was a positive correlation between (FBS and triglycerides) and (triglycerides and uric acids) which was statistically significant (r =-0.465, n = 41, p = 0.002) and(r =-0.370, n = 41, p = 0.017) respectively.Conclusions: This study documents that hyperuricemia is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the serum triacylglycerol and serum uric acid is also found to be associated risk factors for diabetic complications. Hence, timely diagnosis and management of diabetes is vital to control the complications related to diabetes.Ann. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2016:2(1); 26-34

scholarly journals Salivary and Serum Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in Diabetic Patients with Periodontal Disease: A Review Article

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Babadi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Minor

Context: Periodontal disease is a complication of diabetes mellitus. Both periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus stimulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the salivary and serum levels of interleukin (IL-6) and IL-8 levels in type II diabetic patients with periodontal disease. Evidence Acquisition: The present study is a narrative review. A literature review was conducted using the electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar as well as Persian databases such as SID, Magiran, and IranMedex from 2005 to 2019, particularly the last 10 years. The appropriate keywords were searched, including “Diabetes Mellitus”, “IL-6”, “IL-8”, Periodontal Disease”, “Saliva”, and “Serum”. Results: The present study analyzed four articles from the case-control series, including 42 to 90 patients. The results showed that the level of salivary concentration of IL-6 was increased in patients with periodontal disease with/without diabetes mellitus. A marginally statically significant correlation was found in salivary and serum levels of IL-6 after applying spearman’s nonparametric test. However, the relevant serum analysis showed only a minor influence of type II diabetes and periodontal disease on IL-6 serum levels. There was no significant difference between the periodontitis patients and IL-6 and IL-8 serum levels. A positive correlation was found between glycemic control and the severity of periodontal disease. Conclusions: The intensity of periodontal disease was high in patients with type II diabetes, underlining the need for special oral health care for these patients. The level of salivary IL-6 can be considered as a main biomarker in the diagnosis of diabetes and periodontal disease. The serum levels of the IL-6 and IL-8 showed no significant difference in patients with periodontitis.

scholarly journals Assessment of Corneal Endothelial changes in type II Diabetes Mellitus by Non-Contact Specular Microscope

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J E F Gendy ◽  
N M Elmowafy ◽  
M M Elfiky ◽  
Y M Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specular Microscope

Abstract Introduction Numerous studies were dedicated to explaining the effect of type II diabetes on corneal endothelium. There seemed to be a conflict in the results of the studies, some highlighted that diabetes did not affect the corneal endothelium but rather the corneal thickness. While others disagreed stating that there was damage to the endothelium. The rest cited low endothelial cell density only in poor glycaemic control. This prospective analytical study will extensively investigate the effect of diabetes on the corneal endothelium using non-contact specular microscopy. Aim Prospective analysis of the effect of type II diabetes mellitus on the corneal endothelium performed by specular microscopic examination using KONAN Non-Contact Specular Microscope CC-5000 Cellchek; with regards to cell count, density, size, morphology and comparing them to normal subjects of the same age group. The aim of the study is to completely understand the changes that occur to the corneal endothelium in diabetic patients. Patients and Methods This is a cross-sectional study, in which 30 Diabetic eyes and 30 Control eyes were examined using non-contact specular microscope. Patients were recruited from the Specialized Eye Hospital Kobry El Kobba Military Medical Complex. Results The study included 17 males and 13 females in the non-diabetic control group while in the diabetic group it included 16 males and 14 females. By comparing the demographic data of the two study groups, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found. The same results were obtained in data regarding the age. Comparing both groups regarding the cell count, density and average cell size showed a highly significant difference (p < 0.05). While comparing the coefficient of variation and the percentage of hexagonal cells in both groups showed a significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion Diabetes has been implicated in the morbidity of the corneal endothelium. Our study concluded that it appears that diabetes has a significant impact on the corneal endothelial anatomy, causing endothelial cell loss and a decrease in cell density producing compensatory polymegathism. Triggering a disturbance in the physiological functions of the endothelium when under stress e.g. trauma, surgery or intraocular inflammation. However, under normal physiological conditions we found out that there was no abnormality or impairment in the corneal endothelial functions; in keeping the corneal deturgesence (relatively dehydrated, 70% hydration). Therefore, we concluded from the results that special caution should be taken in diabetic patients to whom any stress is applied on the corneal endothelium so that they do not develop corneal decompensation leading to significant morbidity.

scholarly journals Clinical efficacy of shodhanottara shamana chikitsa in type ii diabetes mellitus – an exploratory study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurangi Pandharkar ◽  
VD. PRAJAKTA RASAL
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sugar Levels

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. There is no permanent correction of DM in modern science. OHAs are not adequate because the dosage keeps on increasing and sometimes patients get shifted to insulin. DM comes under the umbrella of ‘Prameha’ which is included under Ashtau Mahagada. It is cited as Santarpanottha vyadhi which requires shodhanottara shaman chikitsa. Objectives: to evaluate clinical efficacy of shodhanottara shaman chikitsa in type II Diabetes Mellitus Methodology: An exploratory interventional clinical study in which 5 patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (chronicity not more than one year) having Blood Sugar Levels – Fasting>150 and PP>250, HBA1C> 8 were selected for the study. After baseline investigations and clinical examination, the study subjects were given Mahatiktaka Ghrita in escalating dose of 20, 30 and 40 ml for three days for snehana followed by AragvadhaKapilaVati or AbhayadiModaka depending on koshtha on fourth day. This shodhana was repeated every fortnight for three months. After first cycle of shodhana, shamanachikitsa, i. e. Vasantakusumakara Rasa 125mg and Dhatrinisha Choorna (500+250mg) were given. Study subjects were advised to follow specific diet regimen and exercises like Suryanamaskara. During this period Blood Sugar Levels were monitored and accordingly dosage of OHAs was adjusted. Results: Shodhanottara shaman chikitsa was found to be effective in lowering Blood Sugar Levels as well as HBA1C levels. Significant improvement was observed in specific symptoms such as polyphagia, polydypsia, hastapadataladaha, polyuria and debility after three months of treatment. It reduced the OHA dependency of type II diabetic patients. Conclusion:Shodhanottara shaman chikitsa has significant role in management of DM as well as in reduction of OHA dependency of type II diabetic patients. Keywords: Shodhanottara shaman chikitsa, type II Diabetes Mellitus

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Acupressure and Smart Gymnastic on Fasting Blood Sugar Levels among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-694
Author(s):  
Dian Apri Nelyanti ◽  
Ta’adi Ta’adi ◽  
M. Choiroel Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sugar Levels

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a glucose metabolism disease characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels and impaired metabolism of fats, protein, and carbohydrates due to a lack of the hormone insulin, both absolutely and relatively. Alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus with complementary therapies, namely acupressure and smart gymnastic, can improve the fasting blood sugar level. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of acupressure and smart gymnastic on fasting blood sugar levels among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. True experimental study pretest and post-test with non-equivalent control group design were applied in this study. Repeated Measure, ANOVA test, showed a significant difference with the mean fasting blood sugar level p-value 0.000 (<0.05). The intervention group is better at lowering fasting blood sugar levels than control group 1 and control group 2 seen from the higher value difference. Conclusion of acupressure therapy with smart gymnastics three times a week for four weeks effectively reduces fasting blood sugar level in a patient with type II diabetes mellitus. This study can be used as a reference for further research, with a larger sample size, controlling the patient's diet, and a longer duration of intervention, so that the results obtained are more valid.

scholarly journals Correlation of microalbuminuria with neuropathy in type-II diabetes mellitus patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
P. K. Bariha ◽  
K. M. Tudu ◽  
Shiny Thomas Kujur
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Motor Neuropathy ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Microvascular And Macrovascular Complications

Background: The microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus resulting in microalbuminuria and diabetic neuropathy in common in developing country like India. The aim of the study has been undertaken to emphasis upon the association of microalbuminuria with neuropathy.Methods: The study was undertaken among 124 Type-II diabetes patients in the Department of Medicine, VIMSAR, Burla, Odisha between October 2015 to September 2017. Detail history, clinical examination, BMI, laboratory investigation like FBS, PPBS, HbA1C, nerve conduction study was done, and data were analysed and compiled.Results: Out of 124 patients the mean age of male patients in the study was 49.75 years and that of female patients was 50.36 years. The mean age of the study population was 50.18 years. The mean BMI in patients with and without microalbuminuria was 23.95±2.04kg/m2 and 21.57±2.89kg/m2 respectively. The mean HbA1C value in patients with and without microalbuminuria was 9.96±3.380 and 8.75±3.25 respectively.Conclusions: Microalbuminuria is significantly associated with presence of neuropathy. The most common type of neuropathy observed in this study was distal symmetrical sensory motor neuropathy. Hence, microalbuminuria has an important role as a biochemical marker for risk factor evaluation of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Antioxidant status in type ii diabetes mellitus patients with or without microvascular complications

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Kostic ◽  
Zorica Caparevic ◽  
Sanja Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Pai 1

Introduction. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems are important factors affecting the metabolism of lipoproteins in diabetes mellitus. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the lipid and antioxidant parameters in type II diabetes mellitus patients, and also to determine the effect of diabetic complications on these parameters. Method. Lipid status, Oxidized LDL cholesterol, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) levels in plasma of 50 type II diabetic patients were measured with commercially available kits. Results. The results showed only statistically significant higher levels of triglycerides (3.12?3.9 mmol/l) in diabetics compared with the controls. Ox-LDL cholesterol (84.7?16.9 mmol/l) and SOD activities (913.4?120.3 U/gHb) in type 2 diabetes mellitus were higher than those of the controls, but there was no statistical significance. On the other hand, in patients with diabetes mellitus and complications, LDL cholesterol, PAI-1, SOD and GSH-Px activities were higher but not significantly than those without complications. Triglycerides and Ox-LDL cholesterol were lower in the group of diabetic patients with complications in comparison to the group without complications. Conclusion. These results indicate that antioxidant status may be affected in type II diabetic patients and that the rise in some enzyme activities could be a compensatory mechanism to prevent tissue damage. Our results suggest that the rise in PAI-1 in type II diabetics with complications may be a good marker of vascular endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Change in corneal endothelial cell density after phacoemulsification in patients with type II diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khalid ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Hanif ◽  
Qamar Ul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Asim Mehboob
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell ◽  
Endothelial Cell Density ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density ◽  
Study Population

Objective: To compare the mean change in Corneal Endothelial cell Density (CED), from baseline (pre-operative value), two months after phacoemulsification cataract surgery between type II diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients. Methods: This prospective stratified controlled study was conducted at PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi. 80 eyes of 72 type II diabetic patients and 80 eyes of 77 non diabetic controls, having Nuclear Opalescence (NO) grades 2 and 3 on slit lamp examination underwent phacoemulsification surgery. CED was measured in cells/mm2, of concerned eye of each subject preoperatively and 2 months post operatively using specular microscope. The difference in mean CED change between the two groups after surgery was analyzed. Results: Mean age of study population was 61.41± 6.76 years. Out of study population, 92 (57.5%) were males and 68 (42.5%) were females. There was a statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of mean post-operative CED, mean change in CED and mean frequency change in CED (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in age, gender, laterality of eyes and mean pre-operative CED, (p >0.05). Difference of pre-operative CED from post-operative CED in each group was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between diabetic population and normal population in terms of corneal endothelial loss after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.596 How to cite this:Khalid M, Hanif MK, Qamar ul Islam, Mehboob MA. Change in corneal endothelial cell density after phacoemulsification in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.596 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals A Study on Serum Uric Acid Level in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2317-2319
Author(s):  
Kashif Ali Samin ◽  
Khalil Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Ikram Shah ◽  
Abidamateen Ansari ◽  
Sadia Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Uric Acid Level ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Serum Uric Acid Level ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii

Background and Aim: Morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases, particularly diabetes are increasing rapidly in Pakistan, the prevalence has reached 17.1%. A strong association has been witnessed between type II diabetes mellitus with atherosclerosis and serum uric acid level. The current study aim was to assess the levels of serum uric acid in type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 85 diagnosed patients of type II diabetes mellitus in Diabetes hospital, Peshawar and the Department of General Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore during the period from March 2020 to August 2020.Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosed patients 85 and healthy control 30 were evaluated in this study. The level of hyperuricemia was defined for women > 6 mg/dl and men >7 mg/dl in men. Results: In this study, a total of 85 diabetic diagnosed patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. No significant differences were there in the baseline characteristics like anthropometric and socio-demographic parameters. The mean age for diagnosed and control cases was 58.6±8.7 and 56.5±7.6 years with an age range of 40 and 80 years. Hyperuricemia proportion among diabetic patients was 12.13% while none of the control cases had hyperuricemia. The uric acid means level increased from 4.29±0.81 mg/dl with a diabetic duration between 3 and 4 years to 4.59±0.99 mg/dl with a diabetic duration of 5 to 7 years. Furthermore, mean serum uric acid level reached 6.50±1.08 in cases with diabetic duration 8 to 12 years. Statistically, a significant association was found between diabetic duration and serum uric acid. Also, a positive correlation was found in hyperlipidemia, serum uric acid levels, and hypertension. Conclusion: In diabetic patients serum uric acid levels were found to be significantly higher. Diabetic patients had hypertension, elevated serum uric acid levels, and high triglycerides with dyslipidemia. The rise in serum uric acid levels is proportional to the duration of diabetes. Keywords: Serum uric acid, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hypertension

scholarly journals Comparison of Inflammatory Markers like C - Reactive Protein, Total Leukocyte Count and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Aditya Mungamuri ◽  
Sunil Kumar Y. ◽  
Suchetha Kumari N. ◽  
Ullal Harshini Devi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Antidiabetic Treatment ◽  
Normal Individuals

Abstract Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has become an epidemic in the 21st century where India leads the world with largest number of patients. There is increasing evidence that inflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and associated complications such as dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Many previous studies indicate inflammatory markers like CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, fibrinogen, total sialic acid, ceruloplasmin and total leucocyte count (TLC) are raised in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. However, not many studies have done association of ESR and TLC in DM. Aims: In the present study inflammatory markers like CRP, total leukocyte count and ESR were compared in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: 5mL of venous blood was taken from the study subjects.CRP, TLC and ESR was estimated. Results: There was a significant rise in the CRP, TLC and ESR values seen in patients diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus when compared to normal individuals. All three parameters (CRP, TLC, and ESR) were raised in a total of 7 cases (14%). 14 cases (28%) showed elevated levels of both CRP and ESR. A significant 8 cases (16%) showed elevation of CRP alone. There was a rise of ESR alone in 5 cases (10%). Conclusion: CRP, TLC and ESR are elevated in diabetic patients in comparison to normal individuals. These increase the risk of diabetic related complications like atherosclerosis and dyslipaedemia. Hence, anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with antidiabetic treatment can delay these complications.

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