IN-VIVO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF AERIAL PARTS OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS PLANT IN CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED MICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Veershetty Hachhe ◽  
Siddaiah M
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Respective Treatment

Objective: To evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of phyllanthus amarus plant in cyclophosphamide induced mice. Materials and Method: To evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic extracts of Aerial parts of phyllanthus amarus plant. on cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in mice. ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of phyllanthus amarus plant,  (500mg/kg p.o.) were administered 13 days to albino mice and cyclophosphamide (30mg/kg i.p.) was administered on 11th,12th and 13th days 1 hour after the administration of the respective treatment. On the 14th day blood was collected by retro orbital puncture and the activity was evaluated by determining the RBC, Hb%, Platelet, total WBC and differential counts. Ethanolic extracts of aerial parts phyllantus amarus plant. showed very significant (p<0.001) counteracting effect to cyclophosphamide induced reduction in total WBC, DLC and platelet counts & significant (P<0.01) effect to that of reduction in RBC counts and Hb %. The significant inmmunostimulant effect of the ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of phyllanthus amarus plant on cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression may be attributed towards the collective presence of saponins, sterols and tannins in the extracts, which suggest the immunomodulatory activities of the ethanolic extracts of phyllanthusamarus plant, leaves,stem and fruits. Results: The results of the study revealed the dose dependent effect of theextracts in counteracting the myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide as inducated by increase in RBC total WBC platelet counts, Hb% and DLC in the extract treated group (III &IV), when compared to cyclophoshamide treated group (Group II). Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of phyllanthus amarus would contribute for significant immunostimulating activity of In-Vivo Keywords: Phyllanthus amarus, Cyclophosphamide, Immunomodulatory, Myelosuppression

Schistosoma mansoni : In vivo evaluation of Phyllanthus amarus hexanic and ethanolic extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudineide Nascimento Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Tarsila Ferraz Frezza ◽  
Vera Lúcia Garcia ◽  
Glyn Mara Figueira ◽  
Tiago Manuel Fernandes Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activity of Xestospongia sp. Ethanolic Extract Towards Interferon-gamma (IFN- γ) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) Levels in Wistar Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adryan Fristiohady ◽  
Jumadil ◽  
Wahyuni ◽  
Muh. Hajrul Malaka ◽  
Wa Ode Harnita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Xestospongia sp. is one of marine sponge belongs to demosponges class that mainly found in Southeast Sulawesi and the secondary metabolites contained in Xestospongia sp. suspected to have immunomodulatory activity. A previous study exhibited the immunomodulatory of Xestospongia sp. ethanolic extract (XEE) at dose of 300 and 400 mg/Kg BW by affecting the phagocytic activity of macrophages. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of XEE towards interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at dose of 300 and 400 mg/Kg BW. Wistar male rats are divided into 4 groups (n=6) randomly and treated for 7 days orally each as follow: group I (XEE dose of 300 mg/KgBW); group II (XEE dose of 400 mg/KgBW); group III (0.5% NaCMC); and group IV (commercial phylantii extract). On day 8, animals were infected with Staphylococcus aureus and left for 1 hour. Animals were sacrificed and the blood was drawn by cardiac puncture (3 mL), followed by analyzed under ELISA Kit for IFN-γ and TNF-α. Collected data were analyzed statistically using SPSS®. The IFN-γ levels obtained were 350.113; 392.970; 118.416; and 61.958 ρg/mL, respectively and the TNF-α were 2808; 1308; 778; and 845.5 ρg/mL, respectively. According to results obtained, both doses of XEE are affecting the IFN-γ and TNF-α levels (p<0.05) compared to group III as negative control, and group IV as positive control. As conclusion, XEE of both doses is increasing IFN-γ and TNF-α levels of animals that respond to phagocytic activity

scholarly journals Antigenotoxic Activity of Rumput Mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa L.) Ethanolic Extract on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Yoce Aprianto ◽  
Asri Mega Putri ◽  
Hilyatul Fadliyah ◽  
Retno Murwanti ◽  
Edy Meiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Group I

Exposure to relative chemicals has been shown to induce a genotoxic effect that can be observed through formation of micronucleus (MN) in polychromatic erythrocythes (PCE). Rumput Mutiara or Hedyotis corymbosa L. ethanolic extract (HcEE) is known to contain ursolic acid as major compound that possesses antigenotoxic activity on HepG2 cells. This study exerts in vivo approach aiming to evaluate the antigenotoxic effects of HcEE on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced male Swiss mice. The ursolic acid on HcEE was determined by using thin layer chromatography with silica gel as stationary phase and chloroform-aceton (9:1) as mobile phase. The antigenotoxic activity was carried out by in vivo micronucleus test. Twenty four adult mice were equally divided into seven groups. Group I: control (untreated); group II: Na-CMC 0.5%; group III: CP 50 mg/kg BW; group IV: CP+HcEE 250 mg/kg BW; group V: CP+HcEE 500 mg/kg BW; group VI: CP+HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW; group VII: HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW. HcEE were given for seven days, while CP was administered on the last two days. On the seventh day, the peripheral blood from all mice were collected, smeared, and then stained with Giemsa. The frequencies of MNPCEs and %PCEs were evaluated. Molecular docking was performed to know the interaction between ursolic acid and CYP3A4 by using PLANTS software. There was similar hRF spot between HcEE with ursolic acid standard reference indicated that the extract almost positively contain ursolic acid. HcEE reduced MNPCEs significantly compared to CP group (p<0.05) and combination of CP with HcEE showed reduction of %PCEs (p<0.05). Based on molecular docking analysis, ursolic acid gave lower docking score than CP against CYP3A4 (PDB ID: 2V0M) and similar binding site on amino acid residues Ala 448, Ile 369, Thr 309, and Val 313. All of these data suggest that HcEE perform protective effect against CP-induced genotoxicity.Keywords: Antigenotoxic, Hedyotis corymbosa L., cyclophosphamide, micronucleus, molecular docking

scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Xestospongia Sp. Induces CD4+ and CD14 Cells Levels on Wistar Male Rat Infected with Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adryan Fristiohady ◽  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Muhammad H Malaka ◽  
Dewiyanti Madu ◽  
Dayatriana Muthalib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Immunomodulator is a substance that increases or suppresses the immune response through the certain mechanism. The marine sponge Xestospongia sp. has immunomodulatory activity by increasing phagocytic activity. In addition, the phagocytic activity is affected by CD4+ and CD14 cells levels. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of Xestopongia sp. extract toward CD4+ and CD14 cells level in model rat. Animals were divided into 4 groups (n=5) and treated for 7 days, as follow: Group I (Ethanolic extract of Xestospongia sp. dose of 300 mg/KgBW); Group II (Ethanolic extract of Xestospongia sp. dose of 400 mg/KgBW); Group III (Phylantus niruri extract); and Group IV (0.5% Na CMC). On day 8, animals were infected with Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally. And the blood was collected by cardiac puncture and assayed with ELISA kit CD4 (elabscience®) and ELISA kit CD14 (elabscience®). Ethanolic extract of Xestospongia sp. provided high levels of both CD4+ and CD14 cells (Group II) compared to baseline (Group IV)  (p<0.05). Group I provided similar activity to group III (p>0.05) and Group II provided significant activity with higher levels of CD4+ and CD14 cells compared to group III (p<0.05). In conclusion, both doses of Xestospongia sp. extract provide activity as immunomodulator by increasing CD4+ and CD14 cells levels, yet dose of 400 mg/KgBw provides the higher immunomodulatory activity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VITRO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EULOPHIA NUDA LINDL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanita Kanase ◽  
Diptesh T Patil
Keyword(s):  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Release

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried tubers of Eulophia nuda.Methods: Effect of both the extracts was evaluated at various concentrations (832–6.5 μg/ml) for secretion of mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, lysosomal enzyme, and myeloperoxidase activity of isolated murine peritoneal macrophages.Results: The extracts showed stimulation of NO, statistically significant at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.739) for ENA and at 832 μg/ml (stimulation index [SI] 1.662) for ENE; significant stimulation on lysosomal enzyme release for ENA at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.404) and ENE at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.513); myeloperoxidase activity was statistically significant for ENA at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.728) and ENE at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.770).Conclusion: In vitro phagocytic index showed significant results and thus proving the need for confirmation through in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Toxicological Characterization of Six Plants of the Beninese Pharmacopoeia Used in the Treatment of Salmonellosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Boris Legba ◽  
Victorien Dougnon ◽  
Esther Deguenon ◽  
Jerrold Agbankpe ◽  
Maximin Senou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Variable Threshold ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Recent studies reported interesting ethnopharmacological, antibacterial, and phytochemical data on some medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of salmonellosis in Benin. Unfortunately, very little data exists on the toxicity of these species. This study aims to evaluate chemical characteristic of six Benin pharmacopoeial plants used in the traditional treatment of salmonellosis in Benin. The acute toxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts ofPsidium guajava,Vernonia amygdalina,Cajanus cajan,Phyllanthus amarus,Uvaria chamae, andLantana camarawas evaluated according to OECD Guideline 423 at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight on Wistar rats. Histological sections were performed on the liver and kidneys to confirm hematological and biochemical data. The content of aluminum, chromium, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, zinc, arsenic, selenium, and manganese was measured in 10 mg of each extract by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICPOES) method. The results of our study generally show the absence of significant effect of the extracts on the hematological and biochemical parameters of the rats. However, with the exception of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts ofPsidium guajavaroot and the ethanolic extract ofPhyllanthus amarus(P>0.05), all the extracts have a significant effect on the aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) level, with a variable threshold of significance (0.0001< P ≤ 0.05). No mortalities and no renal histological conditions were recorded in the treated rats. In general, the heavy metal contents of the extracts do not exceed the standards set by the WHO/FDA except for a few extracts. Arsenic was not detected in any extract, while aluminum and chromium were detected at levels above the WHO/FDA standards. On the basis of these data, it appears that the six plants studied do not show any toxicity. In view of the pharmacological and chemical data previously available, these plants are good candidates for the development of improved traditional medicines with antibacterial and particularly anti-Salmonellaproperties.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF DRIED FRUITS OF SOLANUM TORVUM (FAMILY-SOLANACEAE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Lawrence Kalita ◽  
Biswajit Dash ◽  
Uttam Borah ◽  
Juman Deka ◽  
Suvakanta Dash
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: To study the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) along with preliminary phytochemical analysis.Methods: The ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the herb Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) were prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts were examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungus using agar well diffusion method.Results: The present experiment shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the plant Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae). Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms.Conclusion: It can be concluded ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) contain the high presence of phytochemicals. This extract was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profiles and In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Galium aparine L.

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Ilina ◽  
Natalia Kashpur ◽  
Sebastian Granica ◽  
Agnieszka Bazylko ◽  
Igor Shinkovenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Blast Transformation ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Lymphocyte Blast Transformation ◽  
Folk Remedies

Galium aparine L., family Rubiaceae, is a widely spread species in the Galium genus. The herb of G. aparine is part of folk remedies and dietary supplements. In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition and immunomodulatory activities of G. aparine herb ethanolic extracts obtained from the plant material by maceration with 20%, 60% or 96% ethanol. The contents of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and polyphenols were determined spectrophotometrically, with extractives and polysaccharides quantified gravimetrically. The qualitative composition was studied using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis; isolation not previously described in G. aparine quercetin rhamnoglucoside was carried out through column chromatography, and the immunomodulatory activity of extracts was determined in the reaction of lymphocyte blast transformation. Major constitutes of extracts were iridoids, i.e., monotropein, 10-desacetylasperulosidic acid and asperulosidic acid; p-hydroxybenzoic acid; hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, i.e., 3-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acids and caffeic acid derivatives; flavonoids, i.e., rutin, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoglucoside-7-O-glucoside, and isorhamnetin 3-O-glucorhamnoside. Significantly, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoglucoside-7-O-glucoside was first isolated and identified in Galium species so far investigated. All G. aparine herb ethanolic extracts stimulate the transformational activity of immunocompetent blood cells, with 96% ethanolic extract being the most active. The data obtained necessitate further research into the mechanisms of immunomodulatory activity of extracts from G. aparine herb.

scholarly journals Invitro Antimicrobial Activities of Mitracarpus scaber Against Some Common Bacteria of Aquatic Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Abdullateef Abiodun Ajadi ◽  
Benjamin Emikpe ◽  
Ahmed Akeem
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Mitracarpus Scaber

Some plants have been reported to be of medicinal values and reserve some antimicrobial properties. One of such plants is Mitracarpus scaber and its effect on bacterial growth is evaluated. The study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical analyses and antimicrobial potentials of Mitracarpus scaber against aquatic bacteria including Aeromonas, Bacillus, Vibrio and Staphylococcus Spp. Leaves of Mitracarpus scaber were collected, washed and air dried and phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial investigation of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves were carried out against a panel of bacteria isolated from diseased catfish from various farms. The phytoconstituents detected include saponins, tannins, flavonoids, tarpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones and alkaloids in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of M. scaber showed varying degree of antibacterial activities but ethanolic extract showed a higher activity against the pathogens tested. The ethanolic extract had zones of inhibition similar to that of standard antibiotics (enrofloxacin) across all tested microbes.  The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic extract of M. scaber was against Bacillus sp with 10mg/ml while the highest was 85mg/ml against Staphylococcus species. The results of the assays showed promising evidences that M. scaber is a potential antibacterial agent against aquatic microbes.  However, further studies are recommended to fractionate its constituents and determine the in vitro and in vivo anti-microbial activities and the exact mechanism of action of the constituents.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VIVO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CAPPARIS MOONII

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
VANITA G KANASE ◽  
SHRUTI SHETTIGAR
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Carbon Clearance ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objective: The present study was intended to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried fruits of Capparis moonii Wight. Methods: The effect of both the extracts was evaluated by carbon clearance assay in mice, and they showed a significant increase in the phagocytic index at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg dose. The effect of the extracts on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody titer assay was evaluated in ovalbumin immunized mice. Results: Both extracts showed a significant effect on DTH response and stimulation of antibody titer at 200 mg/kg dose. The effects of the extracts in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression mice were also statistically significant. Conclusion: The studies demonstrated specific and non-specific immunostimulating properties of both the ethanol and aqueous extract of C. moonii fruits in various in vivo experimental methods suggesting its therapeutic usefulness in immunocompromised conditions.

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