scholarly journals A Critical Examination of Breeders’ Monopoly Rights to the Detriment of Farmers’ Rights Under the Ethiopian Plant Breeders’ Rights Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Temesgen Abebe Degu
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Stated Objective ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
Primary Materials ◽  
Biodiversity Resource ◽  
Plant Breeders Rights ◽  
Do So

Ethiopia adopted plant breeders’ rights proclamation in 2006 to provide recognition and economic reward for breeders for their effort and investment so as to encourage their involvement in the sector. At the same time, the proclamation aims to ensure that the farming and pastoral communities of Ethiopia, who have been conserving and continue to do so in the future the agro-biodiversity resource used to develop new plant varieties, continue to their centuries old customary practice of use and exchange of seed. This article aims at investigating the extent to which the proclamation accommodates its stated objective by giving adequate recognition to farmers’ rights. The investigation adopts a qualitative method by analyzing both primary materials and secondary sources. The article concludes that the Ethiopian plant breeders’ rights proclamation fails to adequately incorporate farmers’ rights beyond its preamble.

Big Questions in Ecology and Evolution

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Sherratt ◽  
David M. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Partial Solution ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Broad Audience ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

Why do we age? Why cooperate? Why do so many species engage in sex? Why do the tropics have so many species? When did humans start to affect world climate? This book provides an introduction to a range of fundamental questions that have taxed evolutionary biologists and ecologists for decades. Some of the phenomena discussed are, on first reflection, simply puzzling to understand from an evolutionary perspective, whilst others have direct implications for the future of the planet. All of the questions posed have at least a partial solution, all have seen exciting breakthroughs in recent years, yet many of the explanations continue to be hotly debated. Big Questions in Ecology and Evolution is a curiosity-driven book, written in an accessible way so as to appeal to a broad audience. It is very deliberately not a formal text book, but something designed to transmit the excitement and breadth of the field by discussing a number of major questions in ecology and evolution and how they have been answered. This is a book aimed at informing and inspiring anybody with an interest in ecology and evolution. It reveals to the reader the immense scope of the field, its fundamental importance, and the exciting breakthroughs that have been made in recent years.

scholarly journals Alternatives to and Reduction of Animal Use in Biomedical Research, Education and Testing

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_part_1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
John M. Frazier ◽  
Alan M. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Research Education ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Future ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
Do So

Biomedical endeavours can be divided into three major categories: research, education, and testing. Within the context of each of these categories, activities involving whole animals have made major contributions and will continue to do so in the future. However, with technological developments in the areas of biotechnology and computers, new methods are already reducing the use of whole animals in certain areas. This article discusses the general issues of alternatives and then focuses on the development of new approaches to toxicity testing.

Regulating for Content on the Internet: Meeting Cultural and Social Objectives for Broadband

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Goggin ◽  
Catherine Griff
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Media Convergence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Broadcasting Regulation ◽  
Productivity Commission ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Film And Video ◽  
Do So

Much of the present debate about content on the internet revolves around how to control the distribution of different sorts of harmful or undesirable material. Yet there are considerable issues about whether sufficient sorts of desired cultural content will be available, such as ‘national’, ‘Australian’ content. In traditional broadcasting, regulation has been devised to encourage or mandate different types of content, where it is believed that the market will not do so by itself. At present, such regulatory arrangements are under threat in television, as the Productivity Commission Broadcasting Inquiry final report has noted. But what of the future for certain types of content on the internet? Do we need specific regulation and policy to promote the availability of content on the internet? Or is such a project simply irrelevant in the context of gradual but inexorable media convergence? Is regulating for content just as quixotic and fraught with peril as regulating of content from a censorship perspective often appears to be? In this article, we consider the case of Australian content for broadband technologies, especially in relation to film and video, and make some preliminary observations on the promotion and regulation of internet content.

The Contradictions of “Party Supremacy”: Lessons from Nigeria’s Eighth National Assembly

Politeia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
'Tola Odubajo ◽  
Derin Ologbenla
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
Democratic Experience ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Party Members

As one of the critical elements of democracy, a functional political party plays major roles in the political process of a state. One such role is the provision of a platform by which its members emerge as elected officials in government. A critical dimension of Nigeria’s democratic experience in the Fourth Republic is the issue of conflict of interests among party oligarchies and party members elected to political office. This article attempts to interrogate the causal factors of this development by analysing the triggers of divergences within political parties whose members supposedly share similar ideological leanings. Specifically, the article considers the causes and effects of the issues thrown up in the aftermath of the emergence processes of the principal officers in the two chambers of parliament of the eighth National Assembly. This it does in the context of the normative interpretation of “party supremacy”.  As samples, we isolate three cases, after which the qualitative method is employed to elaborate on the data gathered from secondary sources.

scholarly journals The Professions in Modernity and the Society of the Future: A Theoretical Approach to Understanding the Polyvalent Logics of Professional Work

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Vogd
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Professional Work ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Transference And Countertransference ◽  
The Future ◽  
Do So

In this article, I draw attention to the societal arrangements that permit or produce the autonomy of professions since professionals have the task of holding the tension among different perspectives. To do so, they must apply differing, irreconcilable logics of reflection and balance them in their decision-making. To gain a differentiated understanding of the complexities of these processes, I propose a metatheoretical conceptualization of the dynamics of professions based on Gotthard Günther’s theory of “polycontexturality,” which can be used both to analyse the interaction processes and to embed them in society. I illustrate this argument with an example from the field of medical treatment. The proposed approach also lays the basis for a differentiated understanding of phenomena, which psychoanalysis has traditionally described in terms of transference and countertransference.

scholarly journals THE PROVISIONS OF WATER AND GARBAGE POLLUTION IN STREET, DRAINAGE AND BUILDING ACT, 1974: A VIEW IN ISLAMIC LAW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Basir Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rights And Interests

The statute relating to environmental conservation plays an important role to protect water and garbage pollution. The establishment and enforcement of the Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 is to protect the people’s rights and interests in order to safeguard the environment from being polluted. There are a few provisions in this Act relating to water and garbage pollution and protection of water resources from any pollution. Therefore, this article will examine the provisions in relation to water and garbage pollution in the Act and then identify similar discussions in Islamic law, which deal with the protection of water and garbage pollution. A qualitative method is used to obtain data for this paper. Analysis of documents from primary and secondary sources was executed inductively, deductively and comparatively using the Act and Islamic reference sources which was then documented in a descriptive report.

scholarly journals Realismo Neoclássico e o Nível Doméstico: A dança das variáveis intervenientes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-169
Author(s):  
Gustavo Fornari Dall'Agnol
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Neoclassical Realism ◽  
The Future ◽  
Realist Ontology ◽  
Domestic Level ◽  
Do So

O presente artigo visa a explorar teoricamente o nível doméstico no programa de pesquisa do Realismo Neoclássico. Para tal, revisa-se o programa desde suas origens na década de 1990 até seu desenvolvimento mais atual, aqui analisado na obra de Ripsman, Lobell e Taliaferro (2016). Faz-se uma revisão crítica do emprego das variáveis domésticas, de maneira, aqui argumentada, indiscriminada e prejudicial ao futuro do programa de pesquisa. Ademais irá propor-se que o Realismo Neoclássico, como possível solução, reorganize as variáveis de nível doméstico empregadas em suas análises e construções teóricas, de maneira a dar primazia a variáveis mais ligadas à ontologia e epistemologia realista. Conclui-se que essa é uma maneira para superar as críticas feitas ao programa de pesquisa, que do ponto de vista do presente estudo, vem contribuindo decisivamente para o estudo da política internacional e pode continuar a fazê-lo.     Abstract: The present paper aims at theoretically exploring the domestic level in the Neoclassical Realist research program. In order to do so, it analyzes the program since its origins in the 1990 towards its most recent development, expressed by the work of Ripsman, Lobell and Taliaferro (2016). A critical review of the employment of domestic variables is realized, arguing that they are introduced in a non-systematic manner and are an obstacle for the future of the research program. Beyond that, it will be proposed, that Neoclassical Realism, as a possible solution, reorganizes its domestic level variables employed in their analysis and theoretical constructions, in a manner of giving primacy to variables closer to the realist ontology and epistemology. The conclusion is that this is one way of overcoming the critics towards the research program, which from the perspective of this work, has been contributing decisively to the study of international politics and can keep doing so. Key-words: Neoclassical Realism; Domestic Variables; Realpolitik.       Recebido em: junho/2019 Aprovado em: dezembro/2020

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of the Political Abuse of Women in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-391
Author(s):  
Isra Sarwar ◽  
Shabnam Gul ◽  
Muhammad Faizan Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Abuse Of Women ◽  
Status Of Women

Women, the 48.45% of total Afghan population usually termed and referred as the most victimized clan of Afghanistan. It is engendered notion and perceived as reality around the world. Undoubtedly, Mujahidin and later the Taliban have made the situation miserable for women. But, comparatively, women in Afghanistan did not face as many cruelties earlier during Taliban regime as they suffering today. They were secured, honored and allowed to participate equally in all spheres of life ranging from socio-economic to religio-political during the reign of Taliban. Majority of the religious elite among the Muslims interprets the religious teachings according to its own requirements to assure legitimacy particularly in the context of women. Same is the case with Afghanistan, which, being the buffer state, had been remained epicenter for political interests of world powers and who used its soil to expand or legitimize their authority, violate human rights specifically women as wartime strategy to achieve the goals. This intricate study with reference to the manipulated status of women is based on qualitative method and will explore the political dimensions where women have been used as wartime strategy to legitimize the power. It is based on explanatory and exploratory goals of the study. The thematic and observational approach will be used to analyze the available qualitative data by using secondary sources.

scholarly journals Sinergitas Nahdlatul Ulama dan Muhammadiyah Dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Islam di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Faishol Luthfi ◽  
Wildana Latif M.
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Islamic Organizations ◽  
Research Studies

This paper aims to analyze the sinergity of Islamic organisations (Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah) towards the development of Islamic Economy in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method. This type of research is literature analysis. Data is collected and analyzed from the main sources of Islam (i.e. Qur'an and Hadith) and previous research studies related to Islamic organizations in Indonesia. The authors find that Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah are the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia which have their own characteristics. Both of these organizations have a distinction in the methods of da'wah and mass bases. The synergy of Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah through da'wah methods and mass bases can develop Islamic economy in Indonesia. The authors argue that in the future it may be necessary to have a deeper synergy between activists, administrators, and followers of Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah. This paper is the pioneer to analyze the sinergity of Islamic organizations towards the development of Islamic Economy in Indonesia.

scholarly journals A Utilização de Softwares no Ensino e Aprendizagem dos Cursos de Engenharia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Silva Maistro Machado ◽  
Angelica Da Fontoura Garcia Silva ◽  
Diego Fogaça Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Computational Technology

ResumoO estudo aqui exposto é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado em andamento desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Metodologias para o Ensino de Linguagens e suas Tecnologias. Trata-se de uma investigação que tem o propósito de retratar a pesquisa acadêmica encontrada no repositório de publicações da Associação Brasileira de Ensino em Engenharia – ABENGE –. Para a realização desta pesquisa bibliográfica buscou-se no repositório. os artigos publicados em um período de 12 anos – a partir de 2006 até 2018. Selecionou-se publicações que tiveram como foco a utilização de softwares para desenvolver processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de disciplinas de cursos de engenharia. Dos 397 artigos encontrados, 25 foram selecionados como instrumento de análise para esta pesquisa, dos quais, 14 deles foram publicados em 2017 e 2018. Analisando as tais publicações, pôde concluir que o método qualitativo se sobressaiu acima do quantitativo e quali-quanti, e ainda 44% dos artigos se basearam em questionários, avaliações ou entrevistas, seguidos de 40% de pesquisas bibliográficas. No tocante aos resultados foi possível identificar que quase a totalidade dos estudos concluiu que a utilização de diferentes metodologias, dentre elas softwares para o ensino, é fundamental para a inserção do futuro engenheiro ao mercado atual. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Engenharia. Processos de Ensino e de Aprendizagem. Tecnologia Computacional. AbstractThe study here presented is part of an ongoing master's research developed at the Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program in Methodologies for Language Teaching and its Technologies. It is an investigation that has the purpose of portraying the academic research found in the repository of publications of the Brazilian Association of Engineering Teaching - ABENGE. In order to carry out this bibliographical research, the repository was searched for articles published over a period of 12 years - from 2006 to 2018. Publications that focused on the use of software to develop teaching and learning processes for engineering courses were selected. Of the 397 articles found, 25 were selected as analysis tools for this research, 14 of which were published in 2017 and 2018. Analyzing these publications, it was possible to conclude that the qualitative method stood out above the quantitative and quali-quantitative methods, and 44% of the articles were based on questionnaires, evaluations or interviews, followed by 40% of bibliographical research. Regarding the results, it was possible to identify that almost all the studies concluded that the use of different methodologies, including software for teaching, is fundamental for the insertion of the future engineer in the current market. Keyword: Engineering Education. Teaching and Learning Processes. Computational Technology.

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