scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОЦІНКИ ПАЛИВНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ МОДИФІКАЦІЙ ЛІТАКІВ З БАГАТОДВИГУНОВИМИ СИЛОВИМИ УСТАНОВКАМИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Александр Васильевич Лось
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Transport Aircraft ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Wing Geometry ◽  
Engine Power

When creating modifications of transport category airplanes, fuel efficiency appears in the structure of their parameters.This indicator is very important, since operating costs largely depend on the amount of fuel consumed per unit of work.The problem of evaluating the fuel efficiency of modifications of transport aircraft with multi-engine power plants is considered. It is noted that multi-engine power plants, used mainly on medium and heavy aircraft, contribute to solving a number of problematic issues:– expanding the ability to operate in hot climates and highlands;– improving operational safety in the event of failure of one or two engines in case of deterioration of take-off/landing conditions, runway conditions, icing conditions and other emergency situations requiring increased thrust-to-weight ratio;– expanding the network of airfields used by reducing the sites of continued or interrupted take-off;– the absence of the need to use on the created modification more powerful engines, domestic or foreign, which do not have forced (emergency) operating modes.– However, the use of forced-mode engines in such power plants leads to a deterioration in fuel efficiency of up to 20 percent.For the preliminary design stage of modifications, a model is proposed for the formation of a fuel efficiency parameter while simultaneously replacing the main engines and changes in the wing geometry, which allows reducing fuel consumption for the flight, and thereby compensating for its losses when using emergency modes.This approach was implemented in the process of development of the An-188 operational tactical military transport aircraft, in which the replacement of 4 theater with 4 turbojet engines was coordinated with the necessary changes in the wing geometry, which allowed the military-technical complex to ensure fuel consumption in horizontal flight mode with maximum payload 154 g/t∙km per unit of useful work, i.e., lower than that of competitors-analogues.

scholarly journals The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Determine the Engine Power and Fuel Consumption of Modern Bulk Carriers, Tankers and Container Ships

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4827
Author(s):  
Tomasz Cepowski ◽  
Paweł Chorab
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Ship Propulsion ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Engine Power

The 2007–2008 financial crisis, together with rises in fuel prices and stringent pollution regulation, led to the need to update the methods concerning ship propulsion system design. In this article, a set of artificial neural networks was used to update the design equations to estimate the engine power and fuel consumption of modern tankers, bulk carriers, and container ships. Deadweight or TEU capacity and ship speed were used as the inputs for the ANNs. This study shows that even a linear ANN with two neurons in the input and output layers, with purelin activation functions, offers an accurate estimation of ship propulsion parameters. The proposed linear ANNs have simple mathematical structures and are straightforward to apply. The ANNs presented in the article were developed based on the data of the most recent ships built from 2015 to present, and could have a practical application at the preliminary design stage, in transportation or air pollution studies for modern commercial cargo ships. The presented equations mirror trends found in the literature and offer much greater accuracy for the features of new-built ships. The article shows how to estimate CO2 emissions for a bulk carrier, tanker, and container carrier utilizing the proposed ANNs.

scholarly journals Improvement evaluation methodology of vehicle load and energy efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Mikhail Podrigalo ◽  
Dmytro Abramov ◽  
Yurii Tarasov ◽  
Mykhailo Kholodov ◽  
Ruslan Kaydalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Production ◽  
Alternative Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

Problem. There was a need to expand the well-known concept of vehicle operational properties – fuel efficiency arose in connection with the advent of new alternative power plants (electric motors, flywheel engines, hybrid power plants, etc.), which requires the inclusion of not only the thermal energy of the fuel, but also other types of energy (electrical and mechanical). In the paper the research of choice and justification of the vehicle energy efficiency indicators by assessing the energy costs of the engine for its movement was made. The analysis of the relationship between energy characteristics of dynamics and vehicle efficiency was made. Goal. The aim of the study is to analyze methods for assessing the vehicle energy efficiency. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to determine indicators that will allow a comparative analysis of energy efficiency indicators of various vehicles. Methodology. The approaches taken in the work to solve this goal are based on substantiating the indicators of the energy efficiency of the car by assessing the energy consumption of the engine for its movement. Results. In our opinion, in projecting and evaluating the dynamic properties of vehicles, it is rational to use the energy indicators of the vehicle, for which it is necessary to develop appropriate assessment criteria. Analysis of the results of indicators calculation and, in table 1, has shown that the indicator in comparison with has less dispersion. Originality. The obtained results of the influence of the parameters of vehicles on the level of their energy load shows that the indicator has less dispersion than. In addition, the value does not correlate with the year of manufacture of the vehicle, which allows the use of this indicator at the design stage of vehicles. It is only necessary to set the rational normative value of this indicator. Practical value. The results obtained can be recommended to specialists for use in the design, production, certification and operation of automotive vehicles, vehicle energy efficiency, combined power plant.

Econometric modeling of cost per flying hour of civil helicopters

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2168-2186
Author(s):  
Aleksandr S. MAL'TSEV
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Fundamental Value ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Integral Indicator

Subject. The article addresses factors of the growing cost of flying hour, which is an integral indicator of helicopter efficiency at the stage of its operation. Objectives. The purpose is to develop an econometric model of dependence of cost per flying hour on the main relative aircraft performance characteristics that determine the effectiveness of design and technological solutions for civil and multi-purpose helicopters, to make a decision at the preliminary design stage regarding the efficiency of designed product during the operational phase and the feasibility of R&D. Methods. The study rests on basic provisions of the theory of the firm, the theory of fundamental value of assets, international standards of the aviation equipment operation manual. Results. Based on econometric analysis, the main determinants of cost per flight hour are identified from the set of relative flight characteristics of the helicopter. The paper demonstrates that the number of products in operation, the cost of flight hour, the efficiency and transparency of logistics infrastructure in the provision of maintenance services represent a tool for managing the cost of product life cycle during its operation. Conclusions. The main factors having the greatest impact on the efficiency of after-sales service of products in the aviation industry are fuel efficiency, specific fuel consumption (fuel consumption per unit of power). The cost per flight hour is an integral indicator of the effectiveness of after-sales service and depends on relative flight characteristics of aircraft in operation.

scholarly journals Efficiency of using inverter power plants as part of multifunctional energy technology complexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
Ivan Ya. Redko ◽  
Andrey A. Malozemov ◽  
Georgiy A. Malozemov ◽  
Alexey V. Naumov ◽  
Dmitry V. Kozminykh
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Damage Accumulation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Engine Operation

A method has been developed for a comprehensive multi-criteria assessment of the efficiency of using inverter power plants as part of multifunctional energy-technological complexes with technical solutions aimed at reducing the negative consequences of the internal combustion engine operation with an optimal from the point of view of fuel efficiency speed. The method includes: synthesis of the optimal engine speed control algorithm, determination of the complex operating modes under operating conditions, assessment of changes in fuel consumption and harmful substances emissions with exhaust gases and resource consumption rate when the engine is switched to the operating mode with the optimal speed, complex technical and economic assessment of the inverter power plants efficiency. On the example of an inverter power plant with a capacity of 100 kW, the need to apply the method is proved. It was found that the engine operation with the optimal from the point of view of fuel efficiency speed and without additional design measures entails an increase in the damage accumulation rate by 1.7-2.1 times and therefore is economically inexpedient, despite a decrease in fuel consumption by 1% or more. It was found that a decrease in the compression ratio with a simultaneous increase in the boost pressure makes it possible to increase the engine resource up to a functional failure due to damage accumulation by 43% and to a parametric failure due to wear by 32%, while the operating costs of the inverter power plant will decrease by 3.7% relative to the base (no changes) power plants. The emission of soot particles will decrease by about 2 times, nitrogen oxides - by 2%, hydrocarbons - almost to zero.

Application of Box-Behnken Analysis on the Optimisation of Air Intake System for a Naturally Aspirated Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 8029-8042
Author(s):  
N.S. Mustafa ◽  
N.H.A. Ngadiman ◽  
M.A. Abas ◽  
M.Y. Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Intake System ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
System Components ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
High Influence

Fuel price crisis has caused people to demand a car that is having a low fuel consumption without compromising the engine performance. Designing a naturally aspirated engine which can enhance engine performance and fuel efficiency requires optimisation processes on air intake system components. Hence, this study intends to carry out the optimisation process on the air intake system and airbox geometry. The parameters that have high influence on the design of an airbox geometry was determined by using AVL Boost software which simulated the automobile engine. The optimisation of the parameters was done by using Design Expert which adopted the Box-Behnken analysis technique. The result that was obtained from the study are optimised diameter of inlet/snorkel, volume of airbox, diameter of throttle body and length of intake runner are 81.07 mm, 1.04 L, 44.63 mm and 425 mm, respectively. By using these parameters values, the maximum engine performance and minimum fuel consumption are 93.3732 Nm and 21.3695×10-4 kg/s, respectively. This study has fully accomplished its aim to determine the significant parameters that influenced the performance of airbox and optimised the parameters so that a high engine performance and fuel efficiency can be produced. The success of this study can contribute to a better design of an airbox.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

Quasi-Periodic Control Technique for Minimizing Fuel Consumption During Record Vehicle Competition

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Sulikowski ◽  
Ryszard Maronski
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Optimal Control Theory ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Aeronautical Engineering ◽  
The One ◽  
Optimal Driving ◽  
The Given ◽  
Engine Power

The problem of the optimal driving technique during the fuel economy competition is reconsidered. The vehicle is regarded as a particle moving on a trace with a variable slope angle. The fuel consumption is minimized as the vehicle covers the given distance in a given time. It is assumed that the run consists of two recurrent phases: acceleration with a full available engine power and coasting down with the engine turned off. The most fuel-efficient technique for shifting gears during acceleration is found. The decision variables are: the vehicle velocities at which the gears should be shifted, on the one hand, and the vehicle velocities when the engine should be turned on and off, on the other hand. For the data of students’ vehicle representing the Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering it has been found that such driving strategy is more effective in comparison with a constant speed strategy with the engine partly throttled, as well as a strategy resulting from optimal control theory when the engine is still active.

Labor intensity as a risk factor for the formation of cardiovascular disease of energy facility operators

2020 ◽  
pp. 662-662
Author(s):  
V. N. Krasnoshchekova ◽  
N. E. Ilyukhin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Operating Personnel ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Energy Facility

The functional shifts of the cardiovascular system at high intensity of the labor process for the prevention of psycho-emotional stress of the operating personnel and the prevention of the danger of emergency situations at power plants were studied.

DEVELOPMENT OF RELIABILITY PROJECT ESTIMATION PROCEDURE CONSIDERING EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
M. A. Artyukhova ◽  
S. N. Polesskiy
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Project Estimation

Human activity is often accompanied by exposure of ionizing radiation: the exploitation of space systems and power plants, research using isotopic sources, medicine. The development of electronic equipment is regulated by carrying out activities to ensure the required reliability and radiation resistance. However, the effect of ionizing radiation on reliability indicators is not taken into account properly, or is not taken into account at all, that sometimes leads to the loss of expensive equipment and even to human victims. The article discusses the methodology for carrying out an adequate estimate of the reliability considering the influence of external influencing factors, including ionizing radiation. The timeliness of decisions making to ensure the required reliability indicators is determined by the completeness of the reliability estimation at the design stage. Effort to ensure the reliability and durability of devices after the design stage is not economically viable. The completeness and adequacy of the estimation always depends on the interaction of specialists in different fields: designers, programmers, experts in the field of circuit design, electrical engineering and experts in the field of reliability and radiation resistance.

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