scholarly journals NFC Based Intelligent Bus Ticketing System

Author(s):  
Rajshree Hargude ◽  
Aarti Kamthe ◽  
Vinod Badgujar

As the India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, the Indian urban population has a large dependency on buses for public transport, providing importance of transport within urban/rural area throughout the country. In the public transport various problems are faced like traffic jam, confusion and misunderstanding between the passengers regarding fares, having several security problems in public transport due to antisocial elements, etc. For making the life more convenient for the computer travelling in buses some new technologies can be used like Near Field Communication (NFC) and Radio Frequency Identification. The proposed system is based on ticketing of bus and tracking of bus. The system suggests a automated ticketing system which will automatically cost will deduct the passengers fare according to the distance travelled.

Author(s):  
Jordan Frith

The phrase the Internet of things was originally coined in a 1999 presentation about attaching radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to individual objects. These tags would make the objects machine-readable, uniquely identifiable, and, most importantly, wirelessly communicative with infrastructure. This chapter evaluates RFID as a piece of mobile communicative infrastructure, and it examines two emerging forms: near-field communication (NFC) and Bluetooth low-energy beacons. The chapter shows how NFC and Bluetooth low-energy beacons may soon move some types of RFID to smartphones, in this way evolving the use of RFID in payment and transportation and enabling new practices of post-purchasing behaviors.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5060
Author(s):  
Malak Abid Ali Khan ◽  
Hongbin Ma ◽  
Syed Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Ying Jin

(1) Background: The scientific development in the field of industrialization demands the automization of electronic shelf labels (ESLs). COVID-19 has limited the manpower responsible for the frequent updating of the ESL system. The current ESL uses QR (quick response) codes, NFC (near-field communication), and RFID (radio-frequency identification). These technologies have a short range or need more manpower. LoRa is one of the prominent contenders in this category as it provides long-range connectivity with less energy harvesting and location tracking. It uses many gateways (GWs) to transmit the same data packet to a node, which causes collision at the receiver side. The restriction of the duty cycle (DC) and dependency of acknowledgment makes it unsuitable for use by the common person. The maximum efficiency of pure ALOHA is 18.4%, while that of slotted ALOHA is 36.8%, which makes LoRa unsuitable for industrial use. It can be used for applications that need a low data rate, i.e., up to approximately 27 Kbps. The ALOHA mechanism can cause inefficiency by not eliminating fast saturation even with the increasing number of gateways. The increasing number of gateways can only improve the global performance for generating packets with Poisson law having a uniform distribution of payload of 1~51 bytes. The maximum expected channel capacity usage is similar to the pure ALOHA throughput. (2) Methods: In this paper, the improved ALOHA mechanism is used, which is based on the orthogonal combination of spreading factor (SF) and bandwidth (BW), to maximize the throughput of LoRa for ESL. The varying distances (D) of the end nodes (ENs) are arranged based on the K-means machine learning algorithm (MLA) using the parameter selection principle of ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) regulation with a 1% DC for transmission to minimize the saturation. (3) Results: The performance of the improved ALOHA degraded with the increasing number of SFs and as well ENs. However, after using K-mapping, the network changes and the different number of gateways had a greater impact on the probability of successful transmission. The saturation decreased from 57% to 1~2% by using MLA. The RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) plays a key role in determining the exact position of the ENs, which helps to improve the possibility of successful transmission and synchronization at higher BW (250 kHz). In addition, a high BW has lower energy consumption than a low BW at the same DC with a double-bit rate and almost half the ToA (time on-air).


Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazaro ◽  
Ramon Villarino ◽  
David Girbau

In this article, an overview of recent advances in the field of battery-less near-field communication (NFC) sensors is provided, along with a brief comparison of other short-range radio-frequency identification (RFID) technologies. After reviewing power transfer using NFC, recommendations are made for the practical design of NFC-based tags and NFC readers. A list of commercial NFC integrated circuits with energy-harvesting capabilities is also provided. Finally, a survey of the state of the art in NFC-based sensors is presented, which demonstrates that a wide range of sensors (both chemical and physical) can be used with this technology. Particular interest arose in wearable sensors and cold-chain traceability applications. The availability of low-cost devices and the incorporation of NFC readers into most current mobile phones make NFC technology key to the development of green Internet of Things (IoT) applications.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1743-1745

Vehicular traffic can hardly escape the list of critical problems in the world that demand to be resolved at the earliest. Attempting to eradicate the factors that led to this menace is a process too long for the current critical situation to wait for and stay unattended. Considering the serious consequences that ensue as a result of traffic jams, some solution that can bring an expeditious remedy needs to be found in order to handle the current situation. And this paper is aimed at proposing one such solution which can considerably ameliorate the degree of the mayhem that is prevailing, using Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology.


Author(s):  
I Gede Sujana Eka Putra ◽  
Anthony Lee ◽  
I Made Tirta Mahayana ◽  
I Gede Agung Wicaksono Dharmayasa

Lecturer attendance record is required by the university to know the presence of lecturers in teaching in class. In general condition, lecturer attendance is recorded on the attendance sheet, or input to web application accessed on a class computer. However, there are some problems in its implementation so that at the end, lecturer presence is carried out using a manual form where the academic staff needs to re-enter the lecturer attendance data into the applications. Based on the above, the authors designed and developed a lecturer attendance information system to record lecturers' attendance using radio frequency identification technology by implementing a near field communication card (NFC Card). The device used to record and read presence data during lectures, by tapping an Mi-fare NFC card to an NFC reader / writer device. The flow of this research method begins with a literature study of NFC card, observe the flow of lecture attendance process and data recorded into lecturer attendance sheet, analyzing the database design, the system design which has compatible with NFC reader and writer devices, designed system interface and continue to develop system. The result is system consists of master data, system attendance, verification and reporting module. The results show that NFC card implementation is more practical for lecturers in conducting lecture attendance and NFC card could be tapped out into an NFC device at a maximum distance up to 7 cm with the reading angle relative to NFC reader/writer with range 00 until 300 can read NFC Card.


ForScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Valéria Dos Santos Passos Brito ◽  
Welson Barbosa Dos Santos ◽  
Cristiane Xavier Galhardo ◽  
Vivianni Marques Leite dos Santos

A realização de um inventário não é uma tarefa fácil, principalmente em universidades federais, que possuem muitos bens permanentes. A gestão patrimonial é realizada através de procedimentos de identificação, tombamento, localização, contagem, preservação e desfazimento de bens. Devido a grande quantidade de informações e necessidade de segurança, confiabilidade e celeridade nos processos, deve-se buscar alternativas para melhorar a gestão, reduzir índices de não conformidades e aprimorar o planejamento de compras. O sistema RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification), por exemplo, funciona por meio da comunicação via radiofrequência, com uso de um chip passivo inserido em etiqueta inteligente. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a viabilidade do uso da tecnologia RFID para o aperfeiçoamento da gestão patrimonial na Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - Univasf por meio do levantamento de suas vantagens, desvantagens e custos para implantação. Para isto, são realizadas pesquisas em periódicos e bases de patentes, além da realização de entrevistas e análise documental. Entre os principais resultados, constata-se que o processo de gerenciamento de bens da Univasf é realizado de forma manual e desgastante para servidores membros de comissão, para a qual são convocados sem consulta prévia, verificando-se ainda que os prazos são, comumente, ultrapassados. Por outro lado, o custo para implantação do sistema RFID para controle do número atual de bens da Univasf corresponde a apenas 0,78% do valor alocado para as ações orçamentárias referentes às despesas correntes e investimentos, constituindo fatores favoráveis a sua aquisição pela Instituição.Palavras-chave: Radiofrequência. Gestão patrimonial. Universidades públicas. Internet das coisas. Smart tags in the public administration: feasibility analysis in thepatrimonial control of the UNIVASFAbstractThe construction of an inventory is not an easy task, especially at federal universities, which have many permanent assets. The patrimonial management is carried through procedures of identification, tipping, localization, counting, preservation and undoing of assets. Due to the large amount of information and the need for security, reliability and speed in the processes, alternatives should be sought to improve management, reduce nonconformity rates, and improve procurement planning. The RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system, for example, works by means of radio frequency communication, using a passive chip inserted in a smart tag. Thus, the objective of this paper is to analyze the feasibility of using RFID technology to improve asset management at the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco -Univasf by surveying its advantages, disadvantages and costs for implementation. For this, research is carried out in journals and patent bases, as well as interviews and document analysis. Among the main results, it can be seen that Univasf's asset management process is carried out manually and exhausting for commission member servers, to which they are summoned without prior consultation, and it is also verified that the deadlines are commonly outdated. On the other hand, the cost of implementing the RFID system to control Univasf's current number of assets corresponds to only 0.78% of the amount allocated to budget actions related to current expenses and investments, constituting favorable factors for their acquisition by the Institution.Keywords: Radiofrequency. Patrimonial Management. Public universities. Internet of things. 


2011 ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Andriole

This is a case of enterprise investing in a specific technology—Radio frequency identification (RFID)—in an effort to add another technology-based service to, in this case, Oracle Corporation’s, repertoire of products and services. Oracle USA is one of the top software companies in the world today, with over 50,000 employees, $14 billion in revenues, and 150,000 customers. Oracle USA spends over $1 billion a year in research and development (R&D). Deciding upon a technological course requires a substantial investment in market research to ensure that R&D funding leads to products whose marketability goes from intuition to fruition. One of Oracle’s latest investments has been in the area commonly referred to as sensor-based computing (SBC) centered around a technology known as Radio Frequency Identification, or “RFID.”


2022 ◽  
pp. 168-180
Author(s):  
Sasikumar Gurumoorthy ◽  
L. Venkateswara Reddy ◽  
Sudhakaran Periakaruppan

Art colonnades and museums all over the world are the first option for individuals to visit for the enhancement of the cultural life of people. To ensure their safety, museums have established numerous cultural security measures. Traditional strategies do not obstruct their pace entirely. They only use a computer in the museum to check individuals at the entrance and exit. Therefore, the authors proposed a gallery anti-stealing device created on the internet-of-things (IoT) technology that ensures security through passive readers/writers of RFID. Radio frequency identification (RFID) remains a system that practices isolated data storing and recovery and offers object tracking with a unique identity code. The system then sends sound and light warning information, while the photographic camera structure is triggered to capture a picture at the same time. The recognition of the accuracy in the hardware component of the device can be additionally enhanced by the use of this technology to increase the safety of museum equipment.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Gogolin ◽  
Erin Gogolin

The proliferation of mobile devices such as smart phones and other handheld appliances has stimulated the development of a broad range of functionality, including medical, retail, gaming, and personal applications. Technology that has been leveraged to enable many of these uses includes embedded mobile, radio frequency identification, location based services, and augmented reality. Embedded mobile refers to preprogrammed tasks that are performed on a mobile device. Personal care and monitoring is one of the most common uses of embedded mobile. RFID involves communication between a tag and a reader. Mobile RFID extends the technology by tagging the mobile device with an RFID tag to perform tasks on the device. Near field communication is frequently utilized in mobile payment systems. Advertisers find this of significant use in focusing advertisements based on the location of an individual. Augmented reality involves the use of computer generated or enhanced sensory input such as audio and visual components to enhance the perception of reality.


2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Catarinucci ◽  
Luigi Patrono

The adoption of solutions based on Radio Frequency IDentification technology in a wide range of contexts is a matter of fact. In many situations, such as the tracking of small-size living animals, the straightforward use of commercial systems does not ensure adequate performance. Consequently, both the RFID hardware and the software control platform should be tailored for the particular application. In this work, the specific requirements of Near Field Ultra High Frequency RFID reader antennas suitable for small-size animal localization and tracking are identified and a control system in a LabVIEW environment is designed. Afterwards, both hardware and software solutions have been implemented and validated. In particular, an algorithm based on the measured Received Signal Strength Indication, in order to obtain precise localization data, was developed and validated. Finally, the set-up of a first working prototype involving built-in-lab reader antennas has been completed and tested. The achieved results prove the effectiveness of the proposed tracking system.


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