scholarly journals Optimizing the Performance of Pure ALOHA for LoRa-Based ESL

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5060
Author(s):  
Malak Abid Ali Khan ◽  
Hongbin Ma ◽  
Syed Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Ying Jin
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Successful Transmission ◽  
Medical Regulation ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Exact Position

(1) Background: The scientific development in the field of industrialization demands the automization of electronic shelf labels (ESLs). COVID-19 has limited the manpower responsible for the frequent updating of the ESL system. The current ESL uses QR (quick response) codes, NFC (near-field communication), and RFID (radio-frequency identification). These technologies have a short range or need more manpower. LoRa is one of the prominent contenders in this category as it provides long-range connectivity with less energy harvesting and location tracking. It uses many gateways (GWs) to transmit the same data packet to a node, which causes collision at the receiver side. The restriction of the duty cycle (DC) and dependency of acknowledgment makes it unsuitable for use by the common person. The maximum efficiency of pure ALOHA is 18.4%, while that of slotted ALOHA is 36.8%, which makes LoRa unsuitable for industrial use. It can be used for applications that need a low data rate, i.e., up to approximately 27 Kbps. The ALOHA mechanism can cause inefficiency by not eliminating fast saturation even with the increasing number of gateways. The increasing number of gateways can only improve the global performance for generating packets with Poisson law having a uniform distribution of payload of 1~51 bytes. The maximum expected channel capacity usage is similar to the pure ALOHA throughput. (2) Methods: In this paper, the improved ALOHA mechanism is used, which is based on the orthogonal combination of spreading factor (SF) and bandwidth (BW), to maximize the throughput of LoRa for ESL. The varying distances (D) of the end nodes (ENs) are arranged based on the K-means machine learning algorithm (MLA) using the parameter selection principle of ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) regulation with a 1% DC for transmission to minimize the saturation. (3) Results: The performance of the improved ALOHA degraded with the increasing number of SFs and as well ENs. However, after using K-mapping, the network changes and the different number of gateways had a greater impact on the probability of successful transmission. The saturation decreased from 57% to 1~2% by using MLA. The RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) plays a key role in determining the exact position of the ENs, which helps to improve the possibility of successful transmission and synchronization at higher BW (250 kHz). In addition, a high BW has lower energy consumption than a low BW at the same DC with a double-bit rate and almost half the ToA (time on-air).

RFID, NFC, Beacons, and the Infrastructures of Logistical Locative Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 474-486
Author(s):  
Jordan Frith
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Locative Media ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Machine Readable

The phrase the Internet of things was originally coined in a 1999 presentation about attaching radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to individual objects. These tags would make the objects machine-readable, uniquely identifiable, and, most importantly, wirelessly communicative with infrastructure. This chapter evaluates RFID as a piece of mobile communicative infrastructure, and it examines two emerging forms: near-field communication (NFC) and Bluetooth low-energy beacons. The chapter shows how NFC and Bluetooth low-energy beacons may soon move some types of RFID to smartphones, in this way evolving the use of RFID in payment and transportation and enabling new practices of post-purchasing behaviors.

scholarly journals A Survey of NFC Sensors Based on Energy Harvesting for IoT Applications

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazaro ◽  
Ramon Villarino ◽  
David Girbau
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Frequency Identification

In this article, an overview of recent advances in the field of battery-less near-field communication (NFC) sensors is provided, along with a brief comparison of other short-range radio-frequency identification (RFID) technologies. After reviewing power transfer using NFC, recommendations are made for the practical design of NFC-based tags and NFC readers. A list of commercial NFC integrated circuits with energy-harvesting capabilities is also provided. Finally, a survey of the state of the art in NFC-based sensors is presented, which demonstrates that a wide range of sensors (both chemical and physical) can be used with this technology. Particular interest arose in wearable sensors and cold-chain traceability applications. The availability of low-cost devices and the incorporation of NFC readers into most current mobile phones make NFC technology key to the development of green Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

scholarly journals Design and Development Of Lecturer Attendance System Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
I Gede Sujana Eka Putra ◽  
Anthony Lee ◽  
I Made Tirta Mahayana ◽  
I Gede Agung Wicaksono Dharmayasa
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Master Data ◽  
Presence Data ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The University

Lecturer attendance record is required by the university to know the presence of lecturers in teaching in class. In general condition, lecturer attendance is recorded on the attendance sheet, or input to web application accessed on a class computer. However, there are some problems in its implementation so that at the end, lecturer presence is carried out using a manual form where the academic staff needs to re-enter the lecturer attendance data into the applications. Based on the above, the authors designed and developed a lecturer attendance information system to record lecturers' attendance using radio frequency identification technology by implementing a near field communication card (NFC Card). The device used to record and read presence data during lectures, by tapping an Mi-fare NFC card to an NFC reader / writer device. The flow of this research method begins with a literature study of NFC card, observe the flow of lecture attendance process and data recorded into lecturer attendance sheet, analyzing the database design, the system design which has compatible with NFC reader and writer devices, designed system interface and continue to develop system. The result is system consists of master data, system attendance, verification and reporting module. The results show that NFC card implementation is more practical for lecturers in conducting lecture attendance and NFC card could be tapped out into an NFC device at a maximum distance up to 7 cm with the reading angle relative to NFC reader/writer with range 00 until 300 can read NFC Card.

The Use of Embedded Mobile, RFID, Location Based Services, and Augmented Reality in Mobile Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Gogolin ◽  
Erin Gogolin
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Mobile Rfid

The proliferation of mobile devices such as smart phones and other handheld appliances has stimulated the development of a broad range of functionality, including medical, retail, gaming, and personal applications. Technology that has been leveraged to enable many of these uses includes embedded mobile, radio frequency identification, location based services, and augmented reality. Embedded mobile refers to preprogrammed tasks that are performed on a mobile device. Personal care and monitoring is one of the most common uses of embedded mobile. RFID involves communication between a tag and a reader. Mobile RFID extends the technology by tagging the mobile device with an RFID tag to perform tasks on the device. Near field communication is frequently utilized in mobile payment systems. Advertisers find this of significant use in focusing advertisements based on the location of an individual. Augmented reality involves the use of computer generated or enhanced sensory input such as audio and visual components to enhance the perception of reality.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of a Novel Animals Tracking System based on UHF RFID Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Catarinucci ◽  
Luigi Patrono
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indication ◽  
Localization And Tracking ◽  
Localization Data

The adoption of solutions based on Radio Frequency IDentification technology in a wide range of contexts is a matter of fact. In many situations, such as the tracking of small-size living animals, the straightforward use of commercial systems does not ensure adequate performance. Consequently, both the RFID hardware and the software control platform should be tailored for the particular application. In this work, the specific requirements of Near Field Ultra High Frequency RFID reader antennas suitable for small-size animal localization and tracking are identified and a control system in a LabVIEW environment is designed. Afterwards, both hardware and software solutions have been implemented and validated. In particular, an algorithm based on the measured Received Signal Strength Indication, in order to obtain precise localization data, was developed and validated. Finally, the set-up of a first working prototype involving built-in-lab reader antennas has been completed and tested. The achieved results prove the effectiveness of the proposed tracking system.

Testing Potential Interference with RFID Usage in the Patient Care Environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Christe ◽  
Elaine Cooney ◽  
Gregg Maggioli ◽  
Dustin Doty ◽  
Robert Frye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Testing Potential ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Rfid Antennas ◽  
Tracking Technology

Abstract The use of radio frequency identification (RFID) equipment in the clinical setting has become prevalent. The exploration of the potential interactions between the equipment used to implement RFID and medical devices is vital to ensure safe and effective use of both the tracking technology and the patient care equipment. This study examines the effects of two common RFID antennas, Near-Field and Far-Field, and five general types of patient care equipment. Data were collected regarding the function of the patient care equipment in the fields of the antennas. No device performance alterations were observed.

A framework for indoor construction resources tracking by applying wireless sensor networks1This paper is one of a selection of papers in this Special Issue on Construction Engineering and Management.

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuesong Shen ◽  
Ming Lu
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Construction Engineering ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Selection Of

The state-of-the-art tracking technologies, such as the global positioning system (GPS) and the radio frequency identification (RFID), lend themselves well to applications in relatively open areas, while falling short of accuracy and reliability in indoor or partially covered application settings due to signal blockage, distortion or deterioration. This research aims to address this challenge in construction engineering by exploring a cost-effective positioning methodology to realize automated and continuous tracking of construction resources. The emerging ZigBee-based wireless sensor networks (WSN) technology is introduced. A framework of WSN application is proposed for indoor construction resources tracking, which consists of a group of stationary and mobile sensor nodes that can communicate with one another. Real-time locations of the mobile nodes can be determined by applying the localization method based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and geometric trilateration.

Development of compact inductive coupled meander line RFID tag for near-field applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Choudhary ◽  
Krishan Gopal ◽  
Deepak Sood ◽  
Chandra Charu Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Near Field ◽  
High Frequency Band ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Meander Line ◽  
System Operating

The development of compact radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is the key requirement for wireless tracking of precious small size goods/packages in transport. A design of compact meander line tag antenna having inductive coupling feed is presented for RFID system operating at ultra high frequency band of865–867 MHz. The size of the proposed tag antenna is43 mm × 10 mm, and is designed using Higgs 4 IC chip (made Alien Technology, USA) having impedance of20.55− j191.45 Ωat centre frequency866 MHz.The antenna characteristics such as impedance, radiation pattern, bandwidth, and effect of ground on gain and tag size are analyzed and found to closely match with the simulated values. The observed value of reading range varies from87.5 to 35 cmsdepending on mounting on non-metal and metal packages, respectively.

scholarly journals Pengenalan Objek Museum dengan Teknologi NFC pada Android dan RFID (Studi Kasus Pada Museum Jawa Tengah Ranggawarsita)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zaki Fuadi
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Unified Process

Museum Jawa Tengah Ranggawarsita adalah salah satu tempat yang memiliki banyak koleksi objek bersejarah. Objek-objek bersejarah tersebut memiliki informasi penting di dalamnya. Informasi bisa berupa sejarah bangsa atau peradaban penting yang ada di Indonesia. Namun pada kenyataannya informasi mengenai objek bersejarah yang ditampilkan masih kurang jelas, detail dan informatif. Hal ini karena banyaknya informasi dari objek yang perlu ditampilkan dan dikenali oleh petugas kajian museum. Administrasi objek-objek museum juga masih menggunakan cara manual yaitu menggunakan arsip fisik untuk setiap informasi objek yang ada. Diperlukan sebuah sistem untuk mempermudah proses administrasi dan penampilan informasi objek dengan mengenali objek. Pengenalan objek menggunakan Near Field Communication pada android smartphone dan tag pasif Radio Frequency Identification dapat menjadi solusi dari permasalahan ini. Untuk pengunjung, sistem dapat digunakan untuk mengenali objek yang diinginkan dan menampilkan informasi objek secara detail, jelas dan informatif, sedangkan untuk petugas museum sistem dapat digunakan untuk administrasi objek-objek museum yang ada. Sistem dikembangkan dengan menggunakan proses pengembangan perangkat lunak unified process dalam satu iterasi. Sistem memanfaatkan web-service untuk sebagai penyedia atau perantara data sistem. Sistem sudah melewati pengujian black-box dan white-box dengan hasil lulus uji. Sistem diharapkan dapat mempermudah proses pengenalan objek museum dan administrasi objek museum.

scholarly journals NFC Based Intelligent Bus Ticketing System

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Rajshree Hargude ◽  
Aarti Kamthe ◽  
Vinod Badgujar
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Frequency Identification

As the India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, the Indian urban population has a large dependency on buses for public transport, providing importance of transport within urban/rural area throughout the country. In the public transport various problems are faced like traffic jam, confusion and misunderstanding between the passengers regarding fares, having several security problems in public transport due to antisocial elements, etc. For making the life more convenient for the computer travelling in buses some new technologies can be used like Near Field Communication (NFC) and Radio Frequency Identification. The proposed system is based on ticketing of bus and tracking of bus. The system suggests a automated ticketing system which will automatically cost will deduct the passengers fare according to the distance travelled.

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