scholarly journals Review of Research on Wind-sand Hazards in China Railway

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxiao Xue ◽  
Kaichong Li ◽  
Lingwei Kong
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Sand Flow ◽  
And Control

China is the country with the longest mileage in the construction of sandstorms in the world. The railway system is often affected by wind sand flow, which seriously affects the operation safety of trains. Firstly, this article introduces the formation mechanism, movement state, monitoring method and structural characteristics of the wind-sand flow. Then the sand hazard formation mechanism of railway embankments, cuts, bridges and culverts is explained based on aerodynamic performance. Moreover, the sand prevention measures are classified, and the advantages and disadvantages of various measures are discussed. Finally, two kinds of sand prevention and control systems are proposed in combination with the topography and regional wind-sand flow characteristics, and the problems that need to be solved urgently in the prevention and treatment of railway sand and sand disasters in the future are prospected.

Peculiarities of improving interbudgetary relations in conditions of authorities’ decentralization

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Zenoviy Siryk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Ukraine is a unitary state, yet historically various regions, oblasts, districts, and local areas have different levels of economic development. To secure sustainable economic and social development and provide social services guaranteed by the state for each citizen according to the Constitution, the mechanism of redistribution between revenues and expenditures of oblasts, regions, and territories through the budgets of a higher level is used. The paper aims to research the peculiarities of improving interbudgetary relations in conditions of authorities’ decentralization. The paper defines the nature of interbudgetary relations. The basic and reverse subsidies to Ukraine and Lvivska oblast are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages the communities face at changing approaches to balancing local budgets are determined. Regulative documents that cover the interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the problem of local finances reforming, including the development of interbudgetary relations. The scheme of the economic interbudgetary relations system in Ukraine is developed. The ways to improve the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are suggested. The negative and positive aspects, advantages, and disadvantages of the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine require the following improvements. 1. It is necessary to avoid the complete budget alignment in the process of budgets balancing by interbudgetary transfers as the major objective. 2. The interbudgetary transfers should be distributed based on a formal approach. 3. The changes have to be introduced to the calculation of medical and educational subsidies in terms of financial standard of budget provision to avoid the money deficit for coverage of necessary expenditures. 4. There is a need to improve interbudgetary relations at the levels of districts, villages, towns, and cities of district subordination. 5. Improvement of the mechanism of targeted benefits provision, their real evaluation, and control for the use of funds.

scholarly journals Research Progress of Desertification and Its Prevention in Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6861
Author(s):  
Xiya Liang ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Juanle Wang ◽  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
Chuluun Togtokh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
Impacting Factors ◽  
Decoupling Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Mongolia is a globally crucial region that has been suffering from land desertification. However, current understanding on Mongolia’s desertification is limited, constraining the desertification control and sustainable development in Mongolia and even other parts of the world. This paper studied spatiotemporal patterns, driving factors, mitigation strategies, and research methods of desertification in Mongolia through an extensive review of literature. Results showed that: (i) remote sensing monitoring of desertification in Mongolia has been subject to a relatively low spatial resolution and considerable time delay, and thus high-resolution and timely data are needed to perform a more precise and timely study; (ii) the contribution of desertification impacting factors has not been quantitatively assessed, and a decoupling analysis is desirable to quantify the contribution of factors in different regions of Mongolia; (iii) existing desertification prevention measures should be strengthened in the future. In particular, the relationship between grassland changes and husbandry development needs to be considered during the development of desertification prevention measures; (iv) the multi-method study (particularly interdisciplinary approaches) and desertification model development should be enhanced to facilitate an in-depth desertification research in Mongolia. This study provides a useful reference for desertification research and control in Mongolia and other regions of the world.

The Optical Fiber Connector Ceramic Insert Core Injection Mold Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 712-714
Author(s):  
Pei Yun Ao
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Mold Design ◽  
Injection Mold ◽  
Additive Formulation ◽  
Injection Mold Design ◽  
Optical Fiber Connector ◽  
Ceramic Insert

According to the structural characteristics of optical fiber connector Ceramic insert core, this article analyzed the structure technology of it. Based on Mold wizard module and Pro/Moldsign module. We conducted injection mold design of optical fiber connector ceramic insert core; Put forward the flow characteristics of zirconia powder injection feeding and binder, lubricants and other additive formulation.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Pedestrian Flow Patterns in Urban POIs—An Example from Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Yihang Li ◽  
Liyan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for society as a whole, and analyzing the impact of the spread of the epidemic and government control measures on the travel patterns of urban residents can provide powerful help for city managers to designate top-level epidemic prevention policies and specific epidemic prevention measures. This study investigates whether it is more appropriate to use groups of POIs with similar pedestrian flow patterns as the unit of study rather than functional categories of POIs. In this study, we analyzed the hour-by-hour pedestrian flow data of key locations in Beijing before, during, and after the strict epidemic prevention and control period, and we found that the pedestrian flow patterns differed greatly in different periods by using a composite clustering index; we interpreted the clustering results from two perspectives: groups of pedestrian flow patterns and functional categories. The results show that depending on the specific stage of epidemic prevention and control, the number of unique pedestrian flow patterns decreased from four before the epidemic to two during the strict control stage and then increased to six during the initial resumption of work. The restrictions on movement are correlated with most of the visitations, and the release of restrictions led to an increase in the variety of unique pedestrian flow patterns compared to that in the pre-restriction period, even though the overall number of visitations decreased, indicating that social restrictions led to differences in the flow patterns of POIs and increased social distance.

scholarly journals Study on the 3D Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Velocity Uniformity of a Gravity Flow Circular Flume

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Longxi Han ◽  
Lina Chen ◽  
Chenfang Wang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Straight Channel ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Annular Flume

Flumes have been widely used in water conservancy science and environmental science research. It is of great significance to obtain the hydrodynamic characteristics and flow field uniformity in the flume. In this study, a new type of annular flume was taken as an example. The 3D flow field was simulated by using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, and was also measured by acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) to verify the simulation results. The average relative error range was between 8.37% and 9.95%, the simulated results basically reflected the actual situation of the flow field. On this basis, the structural characteristics of flow field were analyzed. A new calculation method of flow velocity uniformity was presented according to the flow characteristics of natural open channels. The velocity uniformity in the straight channel was calculated and analyzed based on this method, and the influence of speed on the velocity uniformity was further discussed. The length of uniform section was negatively correlated with the rotational speed (average velocity), which was between 39 cm and 101 cm in the straight, and the uniformity coefficient was less than 10%. Finally, the water flow characteristics in the straight channel without wheel were compared with the natural open channel flow. The longitudinal velocity was well fitted with the Prandtl logarithmic distribution formula (R2 > 0.977), and the application feasibility of the flume was analyzed. This study can provide technical support for the development and application of annular flume.

Application of Sit-To-Stand Assistive Device Based on Hip Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaiqiang Zhang ◽  
Qiang Xue ◽  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Tongtong Wang ◽  
Binwei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Assist Devices ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sit To Stand

Background: Completing the transition from a sitting position to a standing position is a basic skill in people’s daily lives and is crucial for independent living. Lower limb dysfunction will bring many inconveniences into a person’s life and greatly affect their quality of life. Patients with lower limb dysfunction are a specialized group, and nursing problems for this group are becoming increasingly serious. Helping patients with lower limb dysfunction restore their lower limb mobility or assisting them to walk is a social problem necessary to be solved. Objective: : To review the recent sit-to-stand assistive devices based on hip support, classify them systematically and introduce their characteristics, including the mechanisms and the types of patients for which such mechanisms are applicable; to help patients with lower limb dysfunction or doctors (therapists) understand and choose a reasonable sit-to-stand assist device based on hip support. Methods: This paper summarizes literatures and patents about sit-to-stand assistive devices. From the aspects of structural characteristics, drive type and support modes based on the hip and applications situation, the advantages and disadvantages of the typical sit-to-stand assist devices are represented. Results: Current and future development trends on the structural characteristics, drive type and support modes based on the hip and applications situation of sit-to-stand assist devices are discussed to improve the humanization, modularization and applicability of sit-to-stand assist devices. Conclusion: Sit-to-stand assistive devices based on hip support can help patients improve the quality of their life, assist patients carrying out rehabilitation training, and delay the decline of lower limb function. However, the existing sit-to-stand assistive devices based on hip support need further improvement in the aspects of motion mechanism, new technology application and ergonomics design.

Prototyping of a concrete maturity sensor with a hermetically sealed housing made of two-component plastic

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Ye. Utepov ◽  
◽  
A. Tulebekova ◽  
S. Akhazhanov ◽  
Sh. Zharassov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Device ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Wireless Monitoring ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Concrete Maturity ◽  
Server Application

The construction industry, traditionally considered quite conservative, is now going through a marked change. With competition intensifying, companies have begun to gradually adopt various digital technologies to reduce construction costs, such as the wireless concrete monitoring sensors, which implement a temperature-strength monitoring method for concrete. Each device has its technological features, which are considered in the development of the concepts. Enclosure design is the most important stage of product development. An enclosure made in-house has many advantages and disadvantages. The most important part of the design of an electronic device enclosure is the preliminary research stage. This article presents features of wireless monitoring sensor enclosure design. A data acquisition station (DAS), also referred to in the network topology as a “gateway”, will be used to collect data from the wireless monitoring sensor over the selected protocol. The server application was created based on HTML, PHP, CSS, JavaScript. Testing of the wireless monitoring sensor, SDS, and the server application working together showed full functionality. A study is also given on the determination of concrete strength using the developed sensor according to the ASTM method and using the IPS MG 4.0 by GOST.

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