scholarly journals Peculiarities herb-bunchgrass steppes of Western Predcaucasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
L. R. Ashibokova ◽  
N. G. Lapenko
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Bothriochloa Ischaemum ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Festuca Valesiaca

Relevance. The article presents the materials of the geobotanical examination of the virgin steppes of the Western Predcaucasia. The relevance of the study is due to the modern state of natural grass stand, which is under constant anthropogenic influence.Methods. The research points are located in the southwestern part of the Stavropol Territory and the northeastern part of Karachay-Cherkessia, within the absolute heights of 500–880 m. The description of vegetation and its analysis was carried out on ten accounting sites (10x10 m) according to methods generally accepted in geobotany.Results. It was revealed that in the grass stand the grass familyhas on average 17,5% (its weight fraction is 70–80%). In the formation of grass stand plant associations, the leading role belongs to the dominant sod steppe-grasses: Stipa pulcherrima, Festuca valesiaca, Festuca rupicola, Bothriochloa ischaemum, etc. Legumes (Medicago romanica, Trifolium pratense, Onobrychis arenaria) are the main source of protein for animals, they are diverse and have on average 10,8%, but in weight terms they are inferior to sod steppe-grasses. The flora of the studied steppes is represented by a number of economically valuable plants. These are sod steppe-grasses — the creators of the main feed mass of the steppe. They are also sources of a protein component for animals. But the main source of protein in the steppe grass stands are representatives of the legume family (species Trifolium, Medicago, Onobrychis, etc.). Nectariferous plants (Filipendula vulgaris, Galium ruthenicum, Echium russicum) and drug plants (Adonis vernalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Thymus marschallianus, etc.) are found in the steppe. The spectrum of life cycles of the flora is noteworthy. There is a high percentage of perennials — from 66,7 to 97,8%. This fact indicates that the axes of ecological niches are packed relatively tightly by perennials — persistent competitors of annual plants (more often weeds). Until mid-summer the generative stage of development of wild plant species reaches on average 80%. Their gene pool can be recommended for the restoration of low-productive steppe grass stand, as well as for use in selection work.

scholarly journals Leeches as the intermediate host for strigeid trematodes: genetic diversity and taxonomy of the genera Australapatemon Sudarikov, 1959 and Cotylurus Szidat, 1928

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Pyrka ◽  
Gerard Kanarek ◽  
Grzegorz Zaleśny ◽  
Joanna Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Leeches (Hirudinida) play a significant role as intermediate hosts in the circulation of trematodes in the aquatic environment. However, species richness and the molecular diversity and phylogeny of larval stages of strigeid trematodes (tetracotyle) occurring in this group of aquatic invertebrates remain poorly understood. Here, we report our use of recently obtained sequences of several molecular markers to analyse some aspects of the ecology, taxonomy and phylogeny of the genera Australapatemon and Cotylurus, which utilise leeches as intermediate hosts. Methods From April 2017 to September 2018, 153 leeches were collected from several sampling stations in small rivers with slow-flowing waters and related drainage canals located in three regions of Poland. The distinctive forms of tetracotyle metacercariae collected from leeches supplemented with adult Strigeidae specimens sampled from a wide range of water birds were analysed using the 28S rDNA partial gene, the second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) region and the cytochrome c oxidase (COI) fragment. Results Among investigated leeches, metacercariae of the tetracotyle type were detected in the parenchyma and musculature of 62 specimens (prevalence 40.5%) with a mean intensity reaching 19.9 individuals. The taxonomic generic affiliation of metacercariae derived from the leeches revealed the occurrence of two strigeid genera: Australapatemon Sudarikov, 1959 and Cotylurus Szidat, 1928. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on the partial 28S rRNA gene, ITS2 region and partial COI gene confirmed the separation of the Australapatemon and Cotylurus clades. Taking currently available molecular data and our results into consideration, recently sequenced tetracotyle of Australapatemon represents most probably Au. minor; however, unclear phylogenetic relationships between Au. burti and Au. minor reduce the reliability of this conclusion. On the other hand, on the basis of the obtained sequences, supplemented with previously published data, the metacercariae of Cotylurus detected in leeches were identified as two species: C. strigeoides Dubois, 1958 and C. syrius Dubois, 1934. This is the first record of C. syrius from the intermediate host. Conclusions The results of this study suggest the separation of ecological niches and life cycles between C. cornutus (Rudolphi, 1808) and C. strigeoides/C. syrius, with potential serious evolutionary consequences for a wide range of host–parasite relationships. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses corroborated the polyphyletic character of C. syrius, the unclear status of C. cornutus and the separate position of Cotylurus raabei Bezubik, 1958 within Cotylurus. The data demonstrate the inconsistent taxonomic status of the sequenced tetracotyle of Australapatemon, resulting, in our opinion, from the limited availability of fully reliable, comparative sequences of related taxa in GenBank.

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE PRÉLÈVEMENT DE LA PREMIÈRE POUSSE SUR LA PRODUCTION DE SEMENCE DE TRÈFLE ROUGE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIUS BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivar Group ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Clover Seed

For five years, the effect of cultivars and vegetative stage of cutting were measured on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The first group of cultivars included Hungaropoli, Ottawa and Lakeland harvested in 1981 and 1982. The second group included Arlington, Florex and Prosper I harvested in 1984, 1985 and 1987. The total annual seed yield differed within cultivars and the highest seed yield was obtained with Hungaropoly and Florex. In the first cultivar group, the tetraploid Hungaropoly obtained a kernel weight higher than the diploids Lakeland and Ottawa. In the second group of cultivars, all diploids, Arlington yielded the highest kernel weight. The percentage of seed germination of Hungaropoly was higher than Lakeland and Ottawa while for Florex it was slightly higher than Arlington and Prosper I. A prior vegetative cutting is essential for good seed yield. In the absence of vegetative cutting seed weight seemed improved. The stage of development at which vegetative cutting is done has little influence on percentage seed germination. These results have shown that despite the strong effect of climatic conditions on seed production, the choice of the optimum stage for vegetative cutting and a well adapted cultivar are important aspects in successful seed production.Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, stage of cutting

FEATURES OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT OF PRE-INVESTIGATIVE INVESTIGATION BODIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Denys GIULMAGOMEDOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Run

At the present stage of development, organizations play a leading role in society. Organizations are multifaceted and widely represented in various forms, such as enterprises, non-profit organizations, public authorities, associations of citizens or communities, international legal, economic, social institutions, police or security agencies, scientific societies, and so on. Most organizations today operate in a competitive environment that requires them to constantly develop and improve. The winner is the one who acts prudently and effectively. In this aspect, the strategic management of the organization’s development is critical to its existence in a competitive environment in the long run. The article substantiates the difference between the dynamics of organizational development of pre-trial investigation bodies from business organizations due to the lack of competition as the main determinant of such development. A comparative analysis of the definitions of strategy, strategic management and organizational development is presented in order to identify the specifics of strategic management of organizational development. Through a systematic analysis of regulations that define the main tasks of pre-trial investigation bodies, the strategic goals of such bodies are identified, which should be taken into account when developing their development strategy. On the basis of the presented material the author’s definition of the concept of strategic management of development of bodies of pre-judicial investigation is offered. Based on the analysis, the European Foundation for Quality Management and 7s McKinsey’s contemporary evaluation models identify the main trends in organizational development, which in the future should be taken into account by pre-trial investigation bodies when developing their own development strategies. Conclusions are made about the prospects of further research in this direction.

scholarly journals Study Sowing Grasslands Based on Red Clover with Perennial Grasses

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denes DEAK ◽  
Ioan ROTAR ◽  
Florin PACURAR ◽  
Anca BOGDAN
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Stable Manure

Seeded lawns is one of the most important links in the process of improving the forage base, ensure feed quality with high productivity. Mixtures of red clover crops (Trifolium pratense) with perennial grasses (Lolium multiflorum, Phleum pratense and Poa pratensis) has high productivity due to better utilization of ecological niches of the biotope (ROTAR I.et al.). These crops has advantages like high content of protein because of the red clover, economy-based fertilizer nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen fixation by bacteria Rhizobium spp. located in the root of legumes. These seeded pastures get a balanced feed nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids), have a high palatability. The species Trifolium pratense has a greater capacity to restore the soil structure and also the enrichment of the macro-elements, like phosphorus and potassium (CARLIER L., et. al). Our experience took place in the village Simonesti, Cobătesti village of the Harghita county. The experimental field was located respecting the experimental technique rules in randomized blocks with a technique that includes three variants based on red clover plus a perennial grass (Lolium multiflorum, Poa pratensis and Phleum pratense). Every version was fertilized with two types of fertilizer: one liquid (gull) and one solid (stable manure) in four different doses in all three variants. The doses were: V1 = 0 gull; V2 = 5 t / ha gull; V3 = 10 t / ha gull; V4 = 20 t / ha gulle and V1 = 0 stable manure; V2 = 10 t / ha stable manure; V3 = 30 t / ha stable manure and V4 = 50 t / ha stable manure. In our studies we present the influence of fertilization with gull and stable manure on yield of green mass of all three variants. In general, both gull fertilization with manure favors grasses at the expense of installing legumes. The higher doses of fertilizer increase, the share of participant of grasses increases.

Parthenogenesis and asexual multiplication among parasitic platyhelminths

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Whitfield ◽  
N. A. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
Asexual Multiplication ◽  
Modes Of Existence ◽  
First Intermediate Host

SUMMARYAmong flatworms with parasitic and commensal modes of existence, parthenogenesis and asexual multiplication appear to be largely confined to the Digenea and Cestoda, the only parasitic platyhelminths that routinely utilize indirect life-cycles. Parthenogenesis is apparently restricted to a minority of adult digeneans and cestodes inhabiting their final hosts, and a survey is made of the particular modes of parthenogenesis (i.e. apomictic, automictic and generative) which are employed by such adults. Asexual (amictic) multiplication, in the form of fissioning, is demonstrated by young adults of the cyclophyllidean cestode, Mesoces-toides corti, but is otherwise not exhibited by adult cestodes or digeneans, other than in the perplexing phenomenon of proglottid formation in polyzoic tapeworms. Secondary multiplication is of ubiquitous occurrence in digenean life-cycles in the form of the proliferation which takes place within sporocysts and rediae (germinal sacs) located in the first intermediate host. The controversy concerning the nature of this multiplication is reconsidered in the context of recent findings which have centred on cellular aspects. On the basis of present evidence germinal sac multiplication should be regarded as an asexual rather than a parthen-ogenetic process. The cestode asexual multiplication which occurs in intermediate hosts is a function of the metacestode stage of development. Metacestode proliferation is only known from about 20 species and 6 families of polyzoic cestodes with approximately half the described instances occurring in the family Taeniidae. The organization of these proliferative metacestodes, findings concerning their totipotent stem cells and the ontogeny of buds and new scolices are all reviewed. Finally, the capacity for population expansion of multiplicative larval digeneans and metacestodes are compared, while the ecological roles and the genetical consequences of both parthenogenesis and amictic multiplication in the two taxa are also examined.

scholarly journals Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting Practices in the Banking Sector of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitiz Upadhyay-Dhungel ◽  
Amar Dhungel
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Csr Reporting ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Corporate Social

Financial institutions not only influence the profit/loss of its shareholders but also drive the economy of the whole nation. So it should be concerned about its social obligation and responsibilities. Social responsibility refers to the obligation of a firm, beyond the required by law of economics, to pursue long-term goals that are good for society. The idea that firms, corporations, and other organizations have social responsibilities leads to the development of the concept labelled as “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)” and has evoked widespread interests and concerns both in business and among academicians. Banking sector is under massive pressure from its shareholders, investors, media, as well as its customers to carry out business in a socially responsible and ethical manner. This descriptive study attempts to analyse CSR reporting practices in banking sector of Nepal. For the purpose, ten commercial banks and 4 development banks were selected randomly and their website was scanned to collect data developing a Report Sheet. The total CSR reports were outlined and categorized into different groups. Later on quantitative analysis was also performed and presented using suitable statistical techniques. This study found that CSR is not mandatory in Nepal and all the banks that have made the disclosure of social responsibility have done it in voluntary basis. Among the disclosed information education, training and welfare of underprivileged; arts/heritage and culture protection; contribution to associations, clubs and other organizations; contributions to healthcare and environment; etc were the most commonly reported CSR activities. Child and women developments, religious activity, games and sports activities, blood donations were also among the thrust area for CSR reporting. The disclosures were mostly qualitative with exception of donation and sponsorship amounts. The analysis also shows that most of the Nepalese banks, especially public sector banks, do not mentyion CSR explicitly on their websites. This study strongly recommends the development of uniform standards and framework for reporting of CSR activities, which could be applied to compare it at national levels with other banks and/or industries as well as for the international comparisons. Bank can play a leading role to establish the CSR concepts in Nepalese business and corporations. It is expected that this paper will stimulate more studies in this direction. More such studies should be conducted, especially on developing countries like Nepal, where CSR is at an infant stage of development. In addition to tracing the trend of social disclosure, impacts of social and economic developments on CSR practices, there is also a need to develop a framework for CSR reporting. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bj.v3i1.7511 Banking Journal Vol.3(2) 2013 pp.61-78

scholarly journals MIKHAIL VRUBEL IN SEARCH OF THE “STYLISHLY BEAUTIFUL”. THE BIOGRAPHICAL ASPECT

Articult ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Olga S. Davydova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Russian Symbolism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Independent Existence

The article is a conceptual exploration of the life and creative path of Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel (1856-1910) in the context of the individual characteristics of his personality. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to find new conceptual angles in the field of understanding the idealistic component of M.A. Vrubel's work, i.e. in the field of his iconographic poetics. The visual myth-making of the artist, who drew on authentic spiritual prototypes, defined the leading role of Vrubel not only in Russian Symbolism and Modernism, but also in Modernism as a whole. The linking of the biographical aspect with M.A. Vrubel's poetic thinking, examined through the prism of “pure art”, i.e. in the context of the idea of the legitimacy of the independent existence of the self-contained reality of the work, can give entirely new accents of understanding the deep origins and potential meanings of the artist's work at the present stage of development of art history.

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of External Environment Factors on the Formation of Financial Results of Industrial Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (519) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
N. O. Vlasova ◽  
◽  
T. V. Piatak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bank Loans ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Negative Role

The main purpose of the carried out research was identification of the influence of internal environment factors on the formation of financial results of industrial enterprises, quantitative assessment of the strength of their influence, and determination of the most significant factors at the present stage of development of the national economy. The relevance of this applied research is that knowledge about the mechanisms of action of internal factors certainly plays a leading role precisely in terms of the influence of management on the value of financial results of individual enterprises and in achieving the required level of profitability. In the article, a margin analysis is carried out on the example of a logical and statistically substantiated sample of 15 enterprises of the processing industry in the city of Kharkiv for the period 2016-2019, the results of the analysis prove that in modern changing conditions there is no clear correlation between production volumes, profits, and the composition of operating costs. The carried out correlation analysis allowed to trace the closeness of relationship between the functional and the factor variables. The functional group of variables is a system of consistently formed in the financial statements of interrelated indicators of financial results (from gross to net profit) classified as net income. The internal factors are represented by three groups of indicators. The first group includes a system of 10 indicators that characterize the level of costs and other types of income in the net income of enterprises. The second group of indicators characterizes the physical and financial structure of capital, the degree of participation of bank loans in the financing of enterprises. The third group of indicators is related to determining the efficiency of resource use. The results of the carried out research indicate a weak participation of the main operating activity, namely, production activity, in the formation of financial results and net profit, and the main negative role is played by costs from other operational, financial and other types of activity. At this, the efficiency of economic activity practically does not affect the financial results and profitability of various types of activities of enterprises. The need to improve the internal mechanisms for the formation of financial results and increase the level of profitability of industrial enterprises is substantiated.

scholarly journals ДОЛГОВРЕМЕННАЯ ДИНАМИКА ОСНОВНЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ ОЗЕРА КУЭТСЪЯРВИ (СИСТЕМА РЕКИ ПАСВИК, МУРМАНСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Е.М. Зубова ◽  
Н.А. Кашулин ◽  
В.А. Даувальтер ◽  
Д.Б. Денисов ◽  
С.А. Валькова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Murmansk Oblast ◽  
Sympatric Forms ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

The lake Kuotsjarvi (lower course of Pasvik River, Murmansk Oblast) is located in the borderline territory between Russia and Norway. It one of the most polluted water bodies of European Arctic. Because of the the metallurgic plant Pechenganikel located at the coast of the lake is the source, water and bottom sediments of the lake contain extremely high levels of heavy metals. Long-term comprehensive studies of the ecosystem of the lake revealed that the responses of its ecosystem to global and regional environmental and climatic changes include an increasing toxicity and eutrophication of lake water, decreasing number of stenobiont aqueous species and increasing numbers of ubiquistic and invasive species. The present-time communities in the lake developed as results of interactions between long-term changes in abiotic and biotic factors. Pollution with heavy metals, which lasts since 1990-ies, resulted in the development of communities of species that are tolerant to this impact and are able to maintain their abundance. Adaptations of the communities to changes in their environments are manifested as changes in their species compositions, in proportions of different taxonomic groups, and structures of their populations. In particular, whitefish is able to remain the dominant species and sustain its populations due to development of sympatric forms differing in their ecological niches, morphological features, and life cycle strategies, including transition to shorter life cycles. At difference from changes at the levels of organisms, responses of populations and communities to medium-term environmental changes are more inertial and less specific.

scholarly journals Towards unravelling Wolbachia global exchange: a contribution from the Bicyclus and Mylothris butterflies in the Afrotropics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Duplouy ◽  
Robin Pranter ◽  
Haydon Warren-Gash ◽  
Robert Tropek ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Global Exchange

Abstract Background Phylogenetically closely related strains of maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria are often found in phylogenetically divergent, and geographically distant insect host species. The interspecies transfer of the symbiont Wolbachia has been thought to have occurred repeatedly, facilitating its observed global pandemic. Few ecological interactions have been proposed as potential routes for the horizontal transfer of Wolbachia within natural insect communities. These routes are however likely to act only at the local scale, but how they may support the global distribution of some Wolbachia strains remains unclear. Results Here, we characterize the Wolbachia diversity in butterflies from the tropical forest regions of central Africa to discuss transfer at both local and global scales. We show that numerous species from both the Mylothris (family Pieridae) and Bicyclus (family Nymphalidae) butterfly genera are infected with similar Wolbachia strains, despite only minor interclade contacts across the life cycles of the species within their partially overlapping ecological niches. The phylogenetic distance and differences in resource use between these genera rule out the role of ancestry, hybridization, and shared host-plants in the interspecies transfer of the symbiont. Furthermore, we could not identify any shared ecological factors to explain the presence of the strains in other arthropod species from other habitats, or even ecoregions. Conclusion Only the systematic surveys of the Wolbachia strains from entire species communities may offer the material currently lacking for understanding how Wolbachia may transfer between highly different and unrelated hosts, as well as across environmental scales.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document