scholarly journals Ungulomycosis of cattle: treatment and preventive measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (103) ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
A. R. Mysak ◽  
Y. M. Lenjo ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
Ya. G. Krupnyk ◽  
S. V. Tsisinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Antiseptic Treatment ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Pathogenic Action ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Of the total number of animal diseases, 70–80 % are non-communicable diseases, and more than 50 % are surgical diseases, which cause significant economic damage to the livestock industry due to reduced productivity and premature culling of livestock. Irrational, unbalanced in terms of macro- and microelements, vitamins, carbohydrates feeding leads to metabolic disorders. At the same time, deep destructive-degenerative changes in bones, joints, ligaments and tendons are registered, horn formation in the hooves is disturbed and a less stable horn is produced. Omission in feeding unsatisfactory housing conditions and inadequate care of animals. When such conditions are often supplemented, the outer cover of animals, in particular the hooves, is affected first of all. In the event of inflammatory and dystrophic processes at the base of the skin of the hooves there is a violation of tissue (tubular) and cellular structure. The horn of such hooves undergoes changes in the form of parakeratosis and deformation; this contributes to the spread and accumulation of fungal flora, which shows its pathogenic action mainly due to enzymatic activity and toxic products, which characterizes these microorganisms as a factor in the destructive processes of the hoof horn. With reduced mechanical stability and destroyed by microscopic fungi of hoof horn is more likely to develop aseptic or purulent pododermatitis. Here, the fungal flora is not only a contributing factor in the occurrence of diseases, but also as one of the factors complicating the course of the disease. That is why timely detection and effective treatment of ungulomycosis prevents the complication of the pathological process, which can even lead to culling of animals. The essence of treatment of superficial ungulomycosis is reduced to functional cleaning of hooves and their antiseptic treatment in the form of fungicidal powders, sprays, hoof baths. In deep ungulomycosis, and, moreover, in combination with purulent pododermatitis, treatment includes local anesthesia, orthopedic treatment, antiseptic treatment with isolation, pathogenetic therapy. Prevention of ungulomycosis is based on knowledge of the etiology of the disease and the pathogenetic mechanisms of its development.  Its essence is to form in animals a strong hoof horn, prevent its destruction and eliminate favorable conditions for the reproduction of keratomycetes. This includes proper feeding, proper housing conditions and appropriate animal care.

scholarly journals Ungulomycosis of cattle: etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (101) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Y. G. Krupnyk ◽  
S. V. Tsisinska ◽  
Yu. M. Lenjo
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Traumatic Origin ◽  
Pathogenic Action ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Main Factor

Mycotic diseases, ie those caused by microscopic fungi, are widespread among animals. As for cattle, at present ungulomycosis has become the most widespread, in which keratolytic fungi affect the hooves of animals, causing complications such as deformities, pododermatitis, lesions of the hoof bone. Ungulomycosis (from the Latin ungula – hoof, Gr. Mykes – fungus) – a disease of the hooves, which are caused by microscopic fungi that have keratolytic properties. In most cases of ungulomycosis, its complications are most often registered, and not the disease itself, which does not allow to carry out effective preventive measures and treatment of animals in a timely manner. That is why the purpose of the work was to study and concretization the main factor of the disease and the contributing conditions for the disease. For this purpose the basic and additional clinical methods of research were used, including microscopy of the destroyed horn and sowing on nutrient media to determine the species content of microscopic fungi. The research was carried out in the farms of the western regions of Ukraine on cows of Black-Spotted and Holstein breeds in the stall period with tethered animals. It is found that the pathogenic action of microscopic fungi-keratomycetes on the hooves of cattle is carried out in the presence of favorable conditions of external and internal nature, primarily insufficient housing conditions and poor feeding. In particular, for osteodystrophy due to ungulomycosis, the destruction of the hoof's horn is accelerated, which complicates the pathological process. For purulent subdermatitis of traumatic origin, microscopic fungi-keratomycetes act as an additional or contributing factor to the disease. Further research will focus on the development of effective treatments and measures to prevent ungulomycosis.

scholarly journals CLINICAL FEATURES OF TOXIC JAW BONE OSTEOMYELITIS IN DRUG ADDICTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Oleh S. Fitkalo ◽  
Roman Z. Ohonovskyi ◽  
Khrystyna R. Pohranychna ◽  
Yaroslav P. Nahirnyi ◽  
Andriy V. Netlyukh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Almost All

The aim: The aim of our research is to study the features of toxic osteomyelitis in drug addicts, their diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, aimed at strengthening motivation for the suspension of the use of psychoactive substances and the elimination of the pathological process in the lower jaw . Materials and methods: The features of toxic osteomyelitis, complicated by abuse, have been studied on 46 patients in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Lviv regional clinical hospital during 2013-2019. Psychoactive substances, used by the patients, varied from homemade drugs “Screw” taken by 32 men (69.5%), synthetic drug amphetamine consumed by 10 men (21,7%) to Subutex used by 4 patients (8,7%) for their pleasure. All the patients underwent comprehensive examination, which included clinical, laboratory, radiological, pathohistological studies. Almost all patients – 41 ( 89.1% ) underwent sequestrectomy. Results: Clinical picture progressed quite rapidly in the form of diffuse destructive-necrotic osteomyelitis of the mandible, which was characterized by a severe, atypical course of the pathological process with permanent inclusion of other additional areas of the lesion of the mandible. The X-ray at this stage showed an increase in destructive processes in the bone. Conclusions: Appropriate surgical tactics and pathogenetic therapy are of great importance for toxic osteomyelitis in drug addicts. Due to the treatment, despite the total destruction of the mandible, it was possible to stop the destructive bone processes and to preserve life for such patients.

scholarly journals Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7582
Author(s):  
Evgenii Gusev ◽  
Alexey Sarapultsev ◽  
Desheng Hu ◽  
Valeriy Chereshnev
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Fundamental Medicine

The COVID-19 pandemic examines not only the state of actual health care but also the state of fundamental medicine in various countries. Pro-inflammatory processes extend far beyond the classical concepts of inflammation. They manifest themselves in a variety of ways, beginning with extreme physiology, then allostasis at low-grade inflammation, and finally the shockogenic phenomenon of “inflammatory systemic microcirculation”. The pathogenetic core of critical situations, including COVID-19, is this phenomenon. Microcirculatory abnormalities, on the other hand, lie at the heart of a specific type of general pathological process known as systemic inflammation (SI). Systemic inflammatory response, cytokine release, cytokine storm, and thrombo-inflammatory syndrome are all terms that refer to different aspects of SI. As a result, the metabolic syndrome model does not adequately reflect the pathophysiology of persistent low-grade systemic inflammation (ChSLGI). Diseases associated with ChSLGI, on the other hand, are risk factors for a severe COVID-19 course. The review examines the role of hypoxia, metabolic dysfunction, scavenger receptors, and pattern-recognition receptors, as well as the processes of the hemophagocytic syndrome, in the systemic alteration and development of SI in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Geno-phenotypic characteristics of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: difficulties of disease type identification and approaches to pathogenetic treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
E. A. Nikolaeva ◽  
A. N. Semyachkina
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Molecular Defect ◽  
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Danlos Syndrome

Veltischev Researchand Clinical Institutefor Pediatricsofthe Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia The article presents modern data on the most common monogenic connective tissue disease – Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. The authors describe two previous classifications of the syndrome: Berlin (1988) classification, which distinguishes 11 types of the disease, and Beyton (1998) classification, which includes 6 types of the syndrome and takes into account the results of molecular genetic studies. Particular attention is paid to a new classification, proposed by the International Consortium in 2017. This classification is based on the clinical and molecular genetic data and unites 13 types of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, divided in 7 groups (A–G), depending on the main molecular defect. This defect determines the violation of various collagen structures (primary, spatial, cross-linking) and others constituents of the connective tissue (myomatrix, glycosaminoglycans, complement component, etc.). The classification provides general clinical symptoms for all types of the disease and comprehensive information on the specific signs of each of the 13 types of the syndrome.The authors discuss approaches to the pathogenetic therapy of the syndrome, the possibilities of symptomatic treatment, including both medications of different spectrum of action, and physiotherapeutic measures, exercise therapy. The complex of the listed therapeutic measures is aimed at stabilizing the main pathological process, preventing complications, improving the patient’s quality of life and social adaptation. The authors emphasize that correct patient management, targeted medical supervision and medical genetic counseling requires molecular genetic verification of the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Parasites of beetles which are pests of grain and products of its processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Anisopteromalus Calandrae ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Crop pests are the cause of economic damage in many developing countries, including Ukraine, where annual loss of crop harvest on average equals 6 million tons, valued at 840 million dollars. Pests consume grain, causing its pollution and creating favorable conditions for development of mold, which significantly decreases the food and seeding properties of grain and products of its processing. This article presents basic data on biological control and its advantages, demonstrates the variety of natural enemies of the pest beetles, which are used in biological control, analyses studies of the biological control of main crop pests and products of its processing belonging to the families Curculionidae and Tenebrionidae, and also the role of competition in  biological control. The analysis of studies on the effectiveness of different natural enemies of the main crop pest-beetles shows that the most studied parasites are Sitophilus granarius, S. zeamais, Tribolium confusum, T. castaneum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Rhyzopertha dominica, Acanthoscelides obtectus and Callosobruchus maculatus. Natural enemies of the rest of the species are poorly studied, and there is no data on Caulophilus latinasus, Tenebroides mauritanicus, Dermestes lardarius, Ptinus fur and Bruchidius incarnatus. The most commonly used natural enemies are Xylocoris flavipes, Anisopteromalus calandrae, the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, and also nematodes of the Steinernema and Heterorhabditis genera. Despite the broad spectrum of natural enemies of the main pests of the grain supply, it is necessary to further study the parasites of every species of beetle which causes economic damage. Using biological control is the most promising method against pests of crops and products of its processing, which meets the current requirements to the sanitary-ecological condition of agricultural production.

scholarly journals Results of clinical and additional examination methods in the treatment of localized periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
A.G. Oliynyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Antiseptic Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Destructive Processes

Aim. The study aims at enhancing the therapeutic effect and reducing the duration of treatment by using a solution of titanium dioxide in ozonated distilled water for antiseptic treatment of periodontal tissues. Material and Methods. Treatment results of local inflammatory changes of periodontal tissues in 128 patients (73 female, 55 male aged 21-65 years) were analyzed and classified by the severity of periodontal disease as: gingivitis, primary and moderate periodontitis. Schemes of medical actions differed in pharmacotherapy. In order to ascertain the most effective approach, the results of conventional and developed treatment complexes were compared. Results and Discussion. Digital indicators of the periodontal tissues condition following treatment presented common positive dynamic in all patients. However, significantly better results were obtained by using the developed method. According to the dynamics of bleeding index values, the proposed treatment regimens allow achieving more effective control over the inflammatory process. Digital indicators of hygiene showed that a better effect was reached after the suggested method - the dynamics of reducing the depth of periodontal pockets demonstrated clearer and statistically better results. Changes in the pH of the gingival fluid in a severe inflammatory condition indicated a considerable improvement after using the suggested treating method. X-ray data demonstrated the stability of digital values in the observation groups before and after treatment, which was interpreted as a sufficient control of destructive processes. Conclusion. Mathematical analysis of the presented data demonstrates the benefits of the developed method for the treatment of periodontal diseases, especially in non-surgical treatment regimens. The performed research confirms greater effectiveness of the therapeutic method in initial lesions, and thus it proves the efficiency of complex control for preventive purposes

scholarly journals Basis of the general theory of pathology (Part 3. Sepsis as an adaptive protective response of organism)

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
V. S. Prokopchook ◽  
A.V. Lyckbäck
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Microbial Invasion ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation

 A problem of the essence of sepsis remains unresolved. Sepsis isseen as inadequate, insufficient, or perverted body's response to microbial invasion. The authors analyze the problem of sepsis from the opposite (paradoxical) position based on the well-known postulate that any pathological process (disease) is an adaptation i. e. a protective mechanism. The authors describe known antimicrobial protective barriers ("physiological" and "pathological") and determine a role of different variants of sepsis in protective reactions of human body. The article describes the nature and mechanisms of adaptation under the different variants of sepsis: Wissler – Fanconi’ssubsepsis, intravascular infection, septicopyemia, septicemia and septic shock. These mechanisms might form the basis of pathogenetic therapy. The authors believe that a degree of effectiveness of "pathological" protection of the internal environment is determined by time, i. e. by a duration of a protective effect. In the launch of a septic reaction an important role belongs to a massive invasion of microorganisms into the internal environment of a host by unnatural way – bypassing protective barriers created by evolution. Thus, from the authors' point of view, sepsis is a general pathological process ("pure" infection). Sepsis is a non-specific adaptive (defensive) reaction of human body to a massive microbial invasion.

scholarly journals Daily Foraging Activity of Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Leaf-cutting ants

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Aparecida Nickele ◽  
Wilson Reis Filho ◽  
Marcio Roberto Pie ◽  
Susete Do Rocio Chiarello Penteado
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Leaf-cutting ants are well-known insects due to their remarkable activity as herbivores and the considerable economic damage they cause to many crops. The identification of season and time of day when leaf-cutting ants are most active is an important tool, not just to understand the foraging ecology of these ants, but also to optimize their control in plantation areas where they were pests. Thus, the aims of this study are to evaluate the daily foraging activity of leaf-cutting ant species of the genus Acromyrmex, which occur in forest plantations in Southern Brazil. Foraging activity of Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel) and Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus (Forel) were correlated with weather conditions, and it was more intense during spring and summer. Workers that forage at night are significantly heavier than workers that forage during the day. This study showed that A. crassispinus and A. subterraneus subterraneus did not forage at temperatures below 10-11°C. Then, the use of granulated baits to control these leaf-cutting ants species where they were pests should be done just under favorable conditions of temperature for Acromyrmex foraging activity (over 12°C), to ensure maximum collection of baits by ants and the least left-over baits.

Possibilities of differentiation of various processes that cause focal destruction of small and flat bones in children

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Statistical Relation ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tuberculous Osteomyelitis ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Surrounding Bone ◽  
Ct And Mri

Purpose of the study. Systematize Rg, CT and MRI semi-otics of destructive processes in flat and spongy bones in children and determine the diagnostic significance of various X-ray signs for differentiating tuberculosis and other destructive processes and the statistical relation-ship between them. Material and methods. 123 children with suspected tuberculous osteitis were selected for the study. Tuberculous osteomyelitis was detected in 80 (65.1%) patients, nonspecific osteomyelitis in 27 (21.9%), non-bacterial osteomyelitis and oncological processes in 8 (6.5%), respectively. Results. Fistulous process is more common in tuberculous osteomyelitis. Temperature rise to febrile numbers — in patients with nonspecific osteo-myelitis. Their combination was found only with tubercu-losis. Tuberculosis was characterized by large (>10 mm), single cavities with a clear contour, with the presence of sequesters. Nonspecific osteomyelitis was characterized by smaller (5–10 mm), single cavities without destroying the cortical closing plate. In case of non-bacterial osteo-myelitis, multiple cavities with a clear contour, with the presence of sequesters, were more oftenly detected. Oncological processes were characterized by swelling of the bone with the presence of periostitis, as well as large single cavities with a clear contour, with sclerotic chan-ges in the surrounding bone tissue. In some cases, a solid component in soft tissues was visualized. Conclusion.The radiological and cli nical picture is often non-specific for the pathology in question, however, the identification of some symptoms makes it possible to suspect a certain pathological process with a certain degree of probability, which ultimately should lead to a shortening of the diag-nostic pause

scholarly journals Pathogenetic therapy of rhinosinusites in the practice of otorhinolaryngologist

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Ryazantsev ◽  
I. V. Fanta ◽  
S. S. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Topical Problem ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy

An important and topical problem of modern otorhinolaryngology is the search for effective and safe medicines for the treatment of bacterial sinusitis, which is one of the most common human diseases, and this problem is becoming more and more acute every year. When prescribing antibacterial therapy for patients with acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, an otorhinolaryngologist should be sure that the drug has a rapid bactericidal effect, the spectrum of its activity includes most of the possible pathogens, and pharmacodynamics of the drug contribute to its accumulation in the focus of the pathological process.

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