scholarly journals Evaluation of usage of silicon-doped hydroxyapatite ceramics for treatment of fragmented bone fractures in dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (99) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
M. V. Rublenko ◽  
V. A. Chemerovskiy ◽  
V. G. Andriiets ◽  
N. V. Ulyanchich ◽  
V. V. Kolomiets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽  
Silicon Doped ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Tubular Bones

None of the methods of osteosynthesis provides the consolidation of bone fragments which have lost contact with soft tissues. It makes extremely difficult treating of this type fractures. Bone defect between the fragments and absence of a primary biological matrix complicates revascularization, causes long-term life of the connective tissue and cells of cartilaginous phenotype in the fracture zone. It is leads to a long-term consolidation of the fracture. Composites of hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphates are considered as bioactive and therefore the most promising for bone defects replacing. The aim of this investigation was clinical, radiological and hematological evaluation using of silicon-doped ceramics for fragmented bone fractures in dogs. For study was chosen dogs with accidental fragmented fractures of tubular bones which treated by extracortical osteosynthesis method. Animal was divided into two groups. A bone defects were filled with ceramics (GTlKg-3) for experimental animal group (n = 7), while no filling of bone defects in control animal group(n = 7) was performed. Protocol of anesthesia included medetomidine, butorphanol tartrate and epidural anesthesia with 2 % lidocaine solution. Animals of the control group began to lean on the injured limb from the 12–15th day after surgery, while the animal of research group from the 8-9th day. Complete limb repair in dogs of the control group occurred on the 38–42th day, but such period for experimental group animals was shorter – 25–27th day after the osteosynthesis. X-ray investigation (60th day) of experimental group dogs showed new formed bone tissue with osteosclerotic zones without a periosteal reaction, bone tissue, with a normal view of the epiphyseal areas and the bone marrow cavity. This is evidence of localized reparative osteogenesis (within bone trauma only), and completed fracture consolidation. At the same time in cases of the control group we found lower X-ray density of new bone, periosteum was thickened with excessive proliferation of the endosteum, especially below the site of bone injury. Thus, in case the absence of hydroxyapatite matrix in bone defects there were compensatory increasing proliferation of periosteum and endoosteum. Fragmented fractures of tubular bones in dogs have occurred by erythrocytopenia, that quickly disappear due to the reparative osteogenesis in dog of experimental group. These animals have had leukocytosis increasing due to the first three days after osteosynthesis as a reaction to the implantation of a calcium-phosphorus composite material. Dogs of control group have had second wave of leukocytosis increasing on forty-second day associated with elongated remodeling process. Areparative osteogenesis can be accelerated in 1.5 times in case of replacement of bone defects with silicon doped hydroxyapatite ceramics. It is possibility realized thru moderate reduction of active phase of inflammation and acceleration of proliferative phase, mainly from endosteum side with early mineralization of bone regenerate. The dynamics of hematology parameters is a typical for the tubular bone consolidation that indicates about moderate inflammation and demonstrate biological tolerance of silicon-doped hydroxyapatite ceramics.

scholarly journals X-ray and macromorphological evaluation of reparative osteogenesis by implantation of hydroxyapatite composite doped with germanium

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
T. Todosyuk
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reparative Osteogenesis ◽  
Defect Site ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Composite ◽  
Ray Density ◽  
Experimental Group

Fragmentary fractures require not only the use of complex methods of osteosynthesis, but also the replacement of the defect site with implants to optimize reparative osteogenesis. A large number of osteosubstitute materials are used, including hydroxyapatite ceramics. To enhance its osteointegration properties, microelements with osteoinductive properties are added. The aim of the work is X-ray and macromorphological evaluation of the influence of hydroxyapatite ceramics doped with germanium on reparative osteogenesis in model fractures of the femur and radius in rabbits. Model defects were formed in the radial diaphysis and femur metaphysis in rabbits with a drill with a diameter of 3 mm and 4.2 mm, respectively. Anesthesia included acepromazine, thiopenate, and lidocaine infiltration anesthesia. In the experimental group (n=12) defects were replaced by granules of hydroxyapatite ceramics doped with germanium, and in the control group (n=12) – undoped. The use of hydroxyapatite ceramics doped with germanium is accompanied by a moderate course of the inflammatory-resorptive phase of reparative osteogenesis. At the same time on the radiographs of animals of the experimental group on the 14th day the periosteal reaction is moderate, and on the 30th day it is barely noticeable with increased radiological density. In control animals after trauma to the compact bone proximal and distal to its location showed a thickened and compacted periosteum with a contrasting composite material. On the 60th day in the cancellous bone of experimental animals, the area of injury acquired an X-ray density close to normal, in the control – it remained elevated. Hydroxyapatin composite doped with germanium acquires osteoinductive properties and may be promising for the replacement of bone defects and correction of reparative osteogenesis in animals. Key words: bioceramics, germanium, bone fractures, compact and spongy bone tissue, rabbits.

A risk of developing osteopenia in children undergoing preventive treatment for tuberculosis infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Krutikova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Teshchenkov ◽  
A.V. Krikova ◽  
T.G. Avdeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Tubular Bones

Objective. To study bone strength in children with latent tuberculosis infection who receive anti-tuberculosis drugs. Patients and methods. A quantitative ultrasound examination of the strength of the tubular bones of the upper and lower extremities was conducted in 120 children with mycobacteria tuberculosis infection (experimentak group). У 73 children who received preventive treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, pyrazinamide) bone strength examination was repeated after 6 months (comparison group). The control group comprised 42 children belonging to the 2nd health status group. Results. At the first examination, according to osteodensitometry, children of the experimental group had a decreased bone density in tubular bones as compared to the age-related norms in 34.2% of cases, which had no statistically significant differences with the control group. The children of the comparison group were examined after 6 months, about 60% of children had a decrease of bone density of varied degree, the average Z-score 1.5 ± 0.8, which is significantly lower than in the experimental group. According to the study results, a significant statistical correlation was found between the intake of anti-tuberculosis drugs and bone strength in children with latent tuberculosis χ2 = 10.588, р < 0.012. Conclusion. As was found, a long-term intake of anti-tuberculosis drugs has an effect on bone strength in children. In the outpatient settings, clinical monitoring of bone strength permits to ensure the safety of the administered long-term preventive therapy of tuberculosis. Key words: children, bone strength, tuberculosis, treatment, osteodensitometry, chemoprophylaxis, anti-tuberculosis drugs

scholarly journals The occurrence rate and clinical application of Osteo-line on the femur neck

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingchen Zou ◽  
Haotian Wu ◽  
Shuangquan Yao ◽  
Dong Ren ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background This study was done to observe the incidence of Osteo-line on the femur neck and to explore the clinical application of Osteo-line in osteotomy. Methods Eighty-nine adult femur specimens were selected to observe the incidence of Osteo-line on the femur neck. From August 2015 to January 2019, a total of 278 patients who completed unilateral hip arthroplasty at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospectively included. Patients who accepted osteotomy via Osteo-line on the femur neck were defined as the experimental group (n = 139), and patients who accepted osteotomy via traditional method (The femoral distance 1.5 cm above the trochanter was retained for osteotomy by visual inspection.) were defined as the control group (n = 139). According to the postoperative pelvic X-ray, Photoshop was used to evaluate the leg length discrepancy (LLD) by the CFR-T-LT method. Results Among the 89 specimens, the incidence of anterior Osteo-line was 75.28%, and the incidence of posterior Osteo-line was 100%. According to the clinical application results, the incidence of anterior Osteo-line on the femur neck was 80%, and the incidence of posterior Osteo-line was 100%. The Osteo-line was clearer than those on the femoral specimens. Twenty-six cases had LLD greater than 1 cm (9.29%), including 2 cases in the experimental group and 24 cases in the control group. The average postoperative LLD in the experimental group (0.19 ± 0.38 mm) was significantly shorter than in the control group (0.54 ± 0.51 mm)(P = 0.005). Conclusion The incidence of Osteo-line on the femur neck was high, and patients who accepted osteotomy via Osteo-line on the femur neck can achieve shorter postoperative LLD than the control group.

Experimental study on repair of large segmental bone defects of goat femur by nano calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite-multi (amino acid) copolymer membrane tubes

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110002
Author(s):  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Hong Duan ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Cheng Ren ◽  
Zeping Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Allogenic Bone ◽  
Acid Copolymer ◽  
Membrane Tube ◽  
Segmental Bone ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Segmental Bone Defects

Objective The purpose of this study was to observe feasibility of nano calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite-multi (amino acid) copolymer (n-CDHA-MAC) membrane tubes in repairing goat femurs’ large defects. Methods Twelve goats were divided into two groups, whose femurs were created 30 mm segmental bone defects and then implants were performed. In experimental group, the bone defect of right femur was reconstructed by n-CDHA-MAC membrane tube, while left side was reconstructed by allogenic bone tube in control group. Every three goats were sacrificed at 4, 8, 16, 24 weeks after operation respectively. General observation, X-ray analysis, histology, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination and protein level comparison of BMP-2 were conducted to evaluate the effects of repairing segmental bone defects. Results All goats recovered well from anesthesia and surgical interventions. The radiographic evaluations showed that periosteal reaction outside of the membrane tubes and allogenic bone tubes were observed 4 weeks after surgery. At 16 weeks, callus was continuously increased in experimental group, which was more obvious than control group. At 24 weeks, callus outside of the membrane tubes connected together. Histologic evaluation showed fibro-cartilage callus was evolved into bony callus in experimental group, which was more obvious than control group at 8 and 16 weeks. The protein expression level of BMP-2 increased at 4, 8 weeks and peaked at 16 weeks in experimental groups. There were statistical differences at 8 and 16 weeks ( P < 0.05). At each time point in 8, 16, 24 weeks after surgery, the bending stiffness, torsional stiffness and compressive strength of the two groups were similar, and there was no significant difference ( P > 0.05). Conclusions This novel surface degradation n-CDHA-MAC membrane tube has good ability to maintain enough membrane space, which can provide long-term and stable biomechanical support for large bone defects and integrate well with the surrounding bone.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Supplementation of Bovine Colostrum on the Immune System in Young Female Basketball Players. Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn ◽  
Mirosława Cieślicka ◽  
Hanna Dziewiecka ◽  
Sławomir Kujawski ◽  
Anita Marcinkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
System Function ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Experimental Group

An intensive physical exercise program could lead to a decrease in immune system function. Effects of long-term supplementation of bovine colostrum on the response of immune function on physical exercise test in athletes were examined. Twenty-seven elite female basketball players (age 16–19) were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. Eventually, n = 11 athletes completed intervention in the experimental group (3.2 g bovine colostrum orally twice a day for 24 weeks), while n = 9 athletes in the control group were given a placebo. Before the supplementation, after 3 and 6 months, subjects performed the physical exercise stress test. Before, just after, and 3 h after physical exercise testing, blood was drawn and immune system indicators were examined. Plasma interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, creatine kinase (CK MM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and WBC, lymphocyte (LYM), monocyte (MON), and granulocyte (GRA) were measured. A statistically significant change in IL-10 in response to the exercise program during the supplementation period in both groups was observed (p = 0.01). However, the results of the rest of the comparisons were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Contrary to our initial hypothesis, there were no significant effects of bovine supplementation on the dynamics of immune system function indicators.

scholarly journals The effect of iodine and strumigens long-term foodborne intake on histometrical parameters of thyroid gland in gimmers

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1365-1369
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Peksa ◽  
Jan Trávníček ◽  
Roman Konečný ◽  
František Jelínek ◽  
Hana Dušová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Experimental Group

In 2010 and 2011 two experiments on gimmers of Šumava mountain sheep were performed. The first experiment was carried out on 12 animals (experimental period was 11 months); control group was fed with 3 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day and experimental group was fed with 5 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day. The second experiment lasted 10 months and it was carried out on 12 animals. Feed ration for control group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1. Feed ration for experimental group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1 too; moreover it included rapeseed meal and 1 g of sodium nitrate. The aim of the first experiment was focused on impact of high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The aim of the second experiment was to discover effect of strumigens during high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The animals were slaughtered after the experiment and there was executed the dissection of thyroid gland. The samples of thyroid gland were processed during classic paraffin method and dyed with haematoxylin and eosin. For finding of histometrical parameters was used program Leica IM 500 Version 4.0. The length, the width and the area of follicles were measured. The follicles were divided into three groups after this procedure (by the length); in each group were measured 20 thyreocytes. In group with intake 5 mg I*kg DM−1 (experiment from year 2010): higher weight of thyroid (p < 0.01), significant higher (p < 0.05) proportional representation of large and medium follicles, significantly (p < 0.05) higher average size of follicles, demonstrably lower (p < 0.05) height of epithelium were found. There were not found any differences in monitored parameters between the groups from experiment which was carried out during the year 2011. After comparing results from the both experiments significantly higher percentage representation of large follicles a significantly lower representation of small follicles, distinctly higher average size and higher height of epithelium in all size categories, in groups with iodine intake 10 mg I*kg DM−1was found (from second experiment – year 2011).

scholarly journals Longitudinal impact and effects of booster sessions in a cognitive training program for healthy elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Matias Felix ◽  
Marcela Mansur Alves ◽  
Mariana Teles ◽  
Laura Jamison ◽  
Hudson Golino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Booster Sessions ◽  
Experimental Group

This paper reports the results from a three-years follow-up study to access the long-term efficacy of a cognitive training for healthy older adults and investigates the effects of booster sessions on the cognitive performance of the participants using an innovative analytical approach from information theory. Design: semi-randomized quasi-experimental controlled design. Participants: 50 healthy older adults, (M = 73.3, SD = 7.77) were assigned into an experimental (N = 25; Mean age = 73.9; SD = 8.62) and a passive control group (N = 25; mean age = 72.9; SD = 6.97). Instruments: six subtests of WAIS and two episodic memory tasks. Procedures: the participants were assessed in four occasions: after the end of the original intervention, pre-booster sessions (three years after the original intervention), immediately after the booster sessions and three months after the booster sessions. Results: the repeated measures ANOVA showed that two gains reported in the original intervention were identified in the follow-up: Coding (F(1, 44) = 11.79, MSE = 0.77, p = .001, ηˆG2 = .084) and Picture Completion (F(1, 47) = 10.01, MSE = 0.73, p = .003, ηˆG2 = .060). After the booster sessions, all variables presented a significant interaction between group and time favorable to the experimental group (moderate to high effect sizes). To compare the level of cohesion of the cognitive variables between the groups, an entropy-based metric was used. The experimental group presented a lower level of cohesion in three of the four measurement occasions, suggesting a differential impact of the intervention with immediate and short-term effects, but without long-term effects.

A Long-Term Follow-Up of Participants in the Trois-Rivières Semi-Longitudinal Study of Growth and Development

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Trudeau ◽  
Louis Laurencelle ◽  
Janie Tremblay ◽  
Mirjana Rajic ◽  
Roy J. Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Back Problems ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this project was to undertake a long-term follow-up of participants in the Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study. Some 20 years after their initial involvement in the program, two groups were compared: experimental subjects (n =150) who had received 5 one-hour sessions of specialized physical education per week throughout their 6 years of primary school, and the original control group (n = 103). All subjects completed a questionnaire regarding current patterns of physical activity (PA), attitudes and beliefs about PA, and perceived barriers to PA. Principal results indicate: (a) More experimental than control women exercise 3 times or more per week, (b) experimental subjects more commonly perceived their health to be very good to excellent, (c) control subjects in general felt less psychological dependency on exercise, and (d) women in the experimental group had a lower relative risk of back problems.

scholarly journals 3D Biomimetic Porous Titanium (Ti6Al4V ELI) Scaffolds for Large Bone Critical Defect Reconstruction: An Experimental Study in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Maria Crovace ◽  
Luca Lacitignola ◽  
Donato Monopoli Forleo ◽  
Francesco Staffieri ◽  
Edda Francioso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defects ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Sintered Titanium ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Critical Defect ◽  
Large Bone

The main goal in the treatment of large bone defects is to guarantee a rapid loading of the affected limb. In this paper, the authors proposed a new reconstructive technique that proved to be suitable to reach this purpose through the use of a custom-made biomimetic porous titanium scaffold. An in vivo study was undertaken where a complete critical defect was experimentally created in the diaphysis of the right tibia of twelve sheep and replaced with a five-centimeter porous scaffold of electron beam melting (EBM)-sintered titanium alloy (EBM group n = 6) or a porous hydroxyapatite scaffold (CONTROL group, n = 6). After surgery, the sheep were allowed to move freely in the barns. The outcome was monitored for up to 12 months by periodical X-ray and clinical examination. All animals in the CONTROL group were euthanized for humane reasons within the first month after surgery due to the onset of plate bending due to mechanical overload. Nine months after surgery, X-ray imaging showed the complete integration of the titanium implant in the tibia diaphysis and remodeling of the periosteal callus, with a well-defined cortical bone. At 12 months, sheep were euthanized, and the tibia were harvested and subjected to histological analysis. This showed bone tissue formations with bone trabeculae bridging titanium trabeculae, evidencing an optimal tissue-metal interaction. Our results show that EBM-sintered titanium devices, if used to repair critical bone defects in a large animal model, can guarantee immediate body weight-bearing, a rapid functional recovery, and a good osseointegration. The porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds proved to be not suitable in this model of large bone defect due to their known poor mechanical properties.

A Controlled Trial of Goal Setting for Long-Term Community Psychiatric Patients

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Howell
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
Experimental Group

Clinical goal setting is a widely advocated, yet poorly documented technique. This paper describes a controlled trial which was carried out with long-term community psychiatric patients. The experimental group received goal setting in the form of goal attainment scaling (GAS), whilst the control group received social reinforcement. The experimental group had a higher goal score and a significantly higher sessional involvement (p<0.05). The goal categories decided by the clinicians as relevant, differed from those wished by the subjects; the latter subsequently attained only low goal scores. There were no significant differences between the two groups on the work performance or social interaction outcome measures. These differences between the two groups were obtained despite the fact that the subjects of the research were the most intransigent to treatment. It is suggested that goal setting is an independent treatment technique which requires further substantiation, particularly amongst occupational therapists who are covertly or overtly employing the technique. Further research must address the question of identifying the characteristics of patients most likely to benefit from goal setting.

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