scholarly journals TIPOLOGI RUMAH TANGGA TANI SEBAGAI TITIK MASUK PERTANIAN KONSERVASI: STUDI KASUS DI SEMI-RINGKAI TANZANIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Dina Banjarnahor
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Similar Issue ◽  
Local Farmers ◽  
Farm Types

Crop production in the semi-arid is limited by water shortage and less fertile soil. Conservation agriculture which is based on the principle of minimum tillage, permanent soil cover, and crop diversification has been introduced to Tanzanian local farmers for combating soil degradation and elevating food production. This study sought to explore the feasible entry point for integrating conservation agriculture into the local farms. This goal was achieved by recognizing the local farming system, identifying farm typology, and analyzing the circumstance and needs of different farm types. This study showed that conservation agriculture actually had potentials to reach different farm types. Nonetheless, the practical activities must satisfy the characteristics of each farm. While some farmers perceived hand-hoeing as the most feasible act others were fond of the use of animal-based minimum tillage equipment. Farmers rearing livestock found it difficult to leave crops residue to cover the soil while others were barely constrained. All farmers encountered one similar issue in practicing conservation agriculture: low biomass production to meet the demand of soil cover. Dealing and working with these circumstance and needs of different farm types are then essential in designing the locally appropriate conservation agriculture practices.

Micro and Macro-level Analysis of Crop Diversification: Evidence from an Agrarian State West Bengal

2020 ◽  
pp. 489-499
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
The Status ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Diversified Farming Systems

The farming system in West Bengal is being shifted by integration between the set of cash crops and the main food harvest process. This change in diversified farming systems, where smallholders have a production base in rice can complement production; affect technical efficiency and farm performance. The goal of this study was to investigate the status of crop diversification on smallholders in West Bengal. First, crop diversification regions were developed in West Bengal based on the Herfindahl index, which were categorized into three regions. Three sample districts were studied separately at the block level, and 915 small farmers from 41 sample villages of 9 sample blocks were interviewed through a good structure questionnaire for field studies from the sample districts. West Bengal was gradually moving towards multiple crop production. Furthermore, increasing rice production reduced the marginal use of inputs for the production of other crops. Farming and other vital factors such as HYVs area to GCA, average holding size and per capita income in some districts of West Bengal can be identified as determinants of crop diversification.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Adoption of Conservation Agriculture Technologies by the Farming Community in Different Agro-Climatic Zones of Tamilnadu State in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
M. R. Ramasubramaniyan ◽  
J. Vasanthakumar ◽  
B. S. Hansra
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Knowledge Levels

<p>Tamilnadu State in India is one of the earlier beneficiaries of Green Revolution which contributed to multifold increase in agricultural productivity. Though the State has been progressive, it has also experienced the ill effects of over exploitation of natural resources through intensive agriculture. There is an urgent need to shift its focus from over exploitative intensive farming to more sustainable farming with optimal use of resources without causing imbalances. Conservation Agriculture (CA) offers potential solution which not only enhances the productivity but also maintains the environmental safety and ecological sustainability. With this at the backdrop, the present study was conducted during 2013-2014 in all the seven agro-climatic zones of Tamilnadu State in India covering 350 respondents to understand the knowledge and adoption levels of Conservation Agriculture among the farming community in the State. Three Conservation agricultural technologies namely, Minimum Tillage, Crop Rotation and Permanent Soil Cover were identified. Knowledge of the farmers about these technologies and their adoption by the farmers were studied. As regards the awareness and knowledge level of respondents majority of them do not have knowledge on minimum tillage (72.6%) and permanent soil cover (75.1%) but a vast majority is knowledgeable on crop rotation (71.1%). Farmer characteristics such as age, educational status and innovativeness of farmers played a significant impact on the knowledge levels of CA whereas number of years of experience in farming and land holding pattern did not have significant influence on the knowledge levels of farmers on CA. Among the knowledgeable farmers only 11.5% of farmers adopted minimum tillage, 27.6% of farmers adopted permanent soil cover and 78% adopted crop rotation. None of the farmers adopted CA as a whole comprising all the three components.</p>

scholarly journals Status of conservation agriculture based tillage technology for crop production in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Israil Hossain ◽  
MJU Sarker ◽  
M Arshadul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Raised Bed

Conservation agriculture (CA) based tillage technology permits direct seeding through the moderate level of crop residue. CIMMYT introduced this technology in the farmers’ field of Bangladesh for wheat crop in collaboration with Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). Farmers accept CA based tillage technologies considering the advantages of higher yields, reduced cost of tillage operation, and minimum turn around time between the crops. Up land crops are more suitable under these tillage technologies. Weed management in rice cultivation is not yet in a good shape. Most of the tillage implements are operated by imported Chinese two wheel tractor (power tiller). There are few four wheel tractor CA implement using in research farm. Local manufacturers are being fabricated these cost effective small minimum tillage seed drill, raised bed planter, zero till drill, and strip till drills efficiently in different districts of Bangladesh. Farmers accept CA technologies in their field, especially raised bed planting and minimum tillage technology. There are about 425 numbers of raised bed planters and 865 minimum tillage seed drill in the country. Area coverage under bed planting and minimum tillage system are 5764 ha and 21850 ha, respectively. There are 20125 numbers of farmers involved in raised bed farming. There is a big prospect accelerating the CA based tillage technology in the farmers’ field as irrigation water availability becoming limited or more costly. Mind set up is the big issue for adopting CA tillage technology. Training and multi disciplinary approaches can push forward these tillage technologies ahead.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(2): 235-248 June 2015

scholarly journals Conservation Agriculture Improves Long-term Yield and Soil Quality in Irrigated Maize-oats Rotation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Fonteyne ◽  
Miguel-Angel Martinez Gamiño ◽  
Abel Saldivia Tejeda ◽  
Nele Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Four Levels

Conservation agriculture, characterized by minimal tillage, permanent soil cover and crop diversification, has been widely adapted under rainfed conditions, but adoption under irrigated conditions is limited. An experiment initiated in 1997 to evaluate the level of tillage and the amount of soil cover needed for conservation agriculture to work under irrigated conditions in the highlands of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The trial encompassed seven treatments: conventional tillage, two types of reduced tillage and permanent raised beds (PB), which are untilled, with four levels of soil cover in an irrigated rotation with maize (Zea mays L.) in the summer and fodder oats (Avena sativa L.) in the winter. Maize and oats yielded significantly more under PB than with tillage. Maize yielded on average 1.2 Mg ha−1 more in PB with the hybrid used from 1997 to 2008 and 3.9 Mg ha−1 more with the hybrid used from 2012 to 2017. Permanent raised beds generated on average $18,424 MXN ha−1 more profit than the tilled treatments and increased soil organic carbon on average 63% at 0 to 5 cm depth and 32% at 5 to 30 cm depth. The trial shows that conservation agriculture, with PB and little residue cover, is a viable and sustainable option in similar production systems.

scholarly journals Impact of Soil and Water Conservation Practices in Central North Plateau Zone of Odisha

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvashree Prusty ◽  
Sarba Mishra ◽  
Sudhakar Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Farmer’S Perception ◽  
Soil And Water

The Present Study Was Undertaken In Two Villages Tentuli And Talachampei Of Keonjhar District Of Odisha Which Come Under The Central North Plateau Zone. This Zone Is Characterized By Hilly Upland Area With Reduced Moisture Holding Capacity. There forean Attempt Has Been Made To study The Various Soil And Water Conservation Practices On Cost And Return Of Crop Production,To Identify Factors Affecting Yield Of Crops With Different Treatments And To Study The Farmer’s Perception Of Conservation Agriculture Production System. For This Study 18 Marginal And 2 Small Farmers Were Selected By Employing Multistage Stratified Random Sampling Method. Five Different Trials Or Treatments Namely T1 (Traditional Practice), T2 (Conventional Tillage With HYV Maize), T3 (Conventional Tillage With Maize-Cowpea Intercropping), T4 (Minimum Tillage With Maize As Sole Crop), T5 (Minimum Tillage With Maize Cowpea Intercropping) Were Conducted In The Field. It Was Observed That T5 Gave Highest Net Return (Rs.57352.41/Ha) Followed By T2(Rs.54426.71/Ha), T3 (Rs.47376.12/Ha), T1 (Rs.46376.09/Ha). The Lowest Income Of Rs.14359.9/Ha Was Observed In Case Of T1. Fertilizer With Minimum Tillage And Intercropping Influenced Gross Income Positively And Significantly Throughsoil And Water Conservation Practice. High Yielding Variety And Line Sowing Were Two Most Influencing Factorson Crop Production. Most Profitable Treatment According To Farmer’s Perception Was T5. Lack Of Irrigation Facilities Was Important Constraint In Cultivation Practices. Farmers Should Be Trained For Adoption Of Soil And Water Conservation Practices Like Minimum Tillage, Residue Mulching, Inter-Cropping, Crop Rotation, Line Sowing And Use Of HYV Seeds For Sustainable Crop Production.

scholarly journals Impact of Weed Control by Hand Tools on Soil Erosion under a No-Tillage System Cultivation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 974
Author(s):  
Rafael Blanco-Sepúlveda ◽  
Amilcar Aguilar-Carrillo ◽  
Francisco Lima
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tropical Mountains ◽  
Litter Cover ◽  
Vegetal Cover

In conservation agriculture, the no-tillage cultivation system and the retention of permanent vegetal cover are crucial to the control of soil erosion by water. This paper analyses the cultivation of maize under no-tillage, with particular reference to the effect produced on soil erosion when weed control is performed by a hand tool (machete), which disturbs the surface of the soil, and to the behavior of the soil cover in these circumstances. The study area is located in the humid tropical mountains of northern Nicaragua (Peñas Blancas Massif Nature Reserve). The results obtained show that 59.2% of the soil surface was affected by appreciable levels of sheet and splash erosion, although the vegetal cover of the soil was relatively high (with average weed and litter cover of 33.9% and 33.8%, respectively). The use of machetes for weed control provoked considerable soil disturbance, which explained the high rates of erosion observed. Moreover, this form of soil management disturbs the litter layer, making it less effective in preventing erosion. The litter remains loose on the soil surface, and so an increase in soil cover does not achieve a proportionate reduction in the area affected by erosion; thus, even with 80–100% weed and litter cover, 42% of the cultivated area continued to present soil erosion.

scholarly journals Effect of Conservation Agriculture on Maize-based Farming System in the Mid-hills of Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Paudel ◽  
Theodore J.K. Radovich ◽  
Catherine Chan-Halbrendt ◽  
Susan Crow ◽  
B.B. Tamang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Farming System

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Lahan Kering Beriklim Kering untuk Pengembangan Jagung di Nusa Tenggara

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Anny Mulyani ◽  
Mamat Haris Suwanda
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Annual Rainfall

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Wilayah Nusa Tenggara mempunyai lahan kering beriklim kering seluas 4,9 juta ha dengan curah hujan &lt;2.000 mm/tahun dan bulan kering 5-10 bulan, bersolum tanah dangkal dan berbatu. Sebagian lahan tersebut sudah dimanfaatkan menjadi lahan pertanian terutama jagung, akibatnya produktivitas tanaman jagung rendah dibandingkan potensi genetiknya, yaitu sekitar 2,5 ton/ha di NTT dan 5,3 ton/ha di NTB dibanding dengan potensi genetiknya 9 ton/ha. Sejak tahun 2010-2015, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian telah mengembangkan inovasi teknologi pengelolaan lahan kering beriklim kering dan berbatu di beberapa kabupaten di NTT dan NTB, meliputi penyediaan sumberdaya air (dam parit, embung, tampung renteng mini, sumur dangkal), pengenalan varietas unggul baru dan budidaya tanaman pangan. Pembelajaran yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa penyediaan air menjadi titik ungkit untuk meningkatkan indeks pertanaman dan produktivitas tanaman. Inovasi teknologi yang dibutuhkan petani adalah, mudah diterapkan, biaya murah, dan efisien tenaga kerja mendorong berlanjutnya teknologi tersebut meskipun progam tersebut telah selesai. Pada tahun 2014-2018 telah dilaksanakan kegiatan pertanian konservasi melalui dana hibah barang dan jasa yang dikelola FAO. Prinsip dasar pertanian konservasi terdiri atas 3 pilar, yaitu olah tanah terbatas berupa lubang olah permanen, penutupan permukaan tanah, rotasi/tumpangsari. Lubang tanam tersebut diberi pupuk kandang atau kompos, dan ditanami jagung pada 4 penjuru lubang, dan ditumpangsarikan dengan berbagai kacang-kacangan atau tanaman merambat seperti labu kuning yang berfungsi sebagai penutup tanah dan penghasilan tambahan dari kacang-kacangan berumur pendek. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tanah sebelum dan sesudah implementasi pertanian konservasi menunjukkan bahwa pertanian konservasi dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, retensi air dan meningkatkan produksi tanaman jagung.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>. The Nusa Tenggara region has upland area with dry climate of 4.9 million ha, less than 2,000 mm annual rainfall, 5-10 dry months, shallow and rocky soils. Some of the land has been used for agricultural development, especially corn, resulting in low corn productivity of around 2.5 tons / ha in NTT and 5.3 tons / ha in NTB as compared to it genetic potential 9 tons /ha. Since 2010-2015, Indonesian Agency of Agricultural Research and Development has developed innovation of soil management technology for upland with dry climates and and rocky soils in several districts in NTT and NTB. The innovation includes the provision of water resources (dam trenches, reservoirs, mini catchments, and shallow wells), introduction of new high yielding varieties and cultivation crops. The lessons learned show that water supply is the initial point to increase cropping index and crop productivity. Technological innovations needed by farmers are easy to implement, low cost, and labor efficient thereby encourage the continuation of the technology even though the program has been completed. In 2014-2018, conservation agriculture activities were carried out through grants of goods and services managed by Food Agriculture Organization (FAO). The basic principle of conservation agriculture consists of 3 pillars, namely limited tillage in the form of permanent planting holes, cover crops, rotation / intercropping. The planting hole is given manure or compost, and planted with corn in 4 corners, and intercropped with various nuts or vines such as pumpkin that serves as a soil cover and additional income from short-lived beans. Based on the results of soil analysis before and after the implementation of conservation agriculture, it shows that conservation agriculture can increase soil fertility, water retention and increase corn crop production.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring the Major Climate-smart Agricultural Practices for Dry Season Crop Production in Salinity Affected Fallow Land in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Awal
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Study Results

The landmasses of the coastal areas of Bangladesh still remains under-utilized, thus cropping intensity is much less than the national average. Most areas remain fallow during dry (rabi) season from December to May due to presence of higher concentration of salts in soil and water, and scarcity of suitable irrigation water. Available adaptation options or technologies are not capable to solve these problems at all. Nevertheless, the areas receive a lot of water from monsoon rain, most of that rainwater is drain-out as surface runoff. The present study results suggest that the use of harvested rainwater and conservation agriculture either in combination or alone could mitigate the problem for bringing huge areas under crop cultivation. The public social safety net programmes such as cash-for-work, food-for-work etc. can be deployed for excavating or re-excavating the abandoned coastal ponds, ditches or canals for storing rainwater. Salt-, drought- and/or heat-tolerant crop varieties with short life span can also be cultivated to get the better results. Early plantation or growing crops with early-maturing varieties can ensure safer harvest in ahead of stress arrives. The avenues have immense potential as climate-smart practices for growing crops preferably non-rice crops during dry season in vast fallow land that will not only ensure food security for coastal people but could turn the entire southern Bangladesh as a food surplus zone. The findings refer the broad recommendation, therefore, specific research works based on the locations and resources available are necessary.

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