Pengaruh Waktu Ekstraksi, Rasio Bahan/Pelarut, dan Daya Microwave Terhadap Hasil Ekstraksi Minyak Serai Dapur dengan Bantuan Gelombang Mikro

Lemongrass, one type of source of essential oils, is widely cultivated in Indonesia. There are several methods for extracting the essential oils from lemongrasses, such as hydro-distillation, steam distillation, soxhlet extraction, extraction with supercritical fluids, ultrasonic extraction, and microwave-assisted hydro-distillation. In this study, microwave-assisted hydro-distillation was used as the extraction method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of extraction time (60 minutes, 75 minutes, and 90 minutes), lemongrass/solvent ratio (1:4 g/mL and 1:5 g/mL), and microwave power (500 watt and 600 watt) on quantity and quality of lemongrass essential oil. The essential oils obtained were analyzed in the form of calculation of the essential oil density, yield, and GC-MS analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the density of the extracted lemongrass oil ranged from 0.880 g/mL – 0.920 g/mL at a temperature of 30 oC, with the highest yield ranging from 0.0044% – 0.0046% in samples with a material/solvent ratio of 1:5 g/mL. The components found in lemongrass oil were Z-citral, geranyl acetate, geraniol.

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Penyulingan Minyak Atsiri Sereh Dapur (Cymbopogon Citratus) Dengan Metode Penyulingan Air-Uap

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.1085 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1009-1016

Author(s):

Zaituni Zaituni ◽

Rita Khathir ◽

Raida Agustina

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Water Steam ◽

Lemongrass Oil ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

Abstrak. Minyak atsiri sereh dapur diperoleh dari hasil penyulingan tanaman sereh dapur. Minyak sereh dapur merupakan sumber sitral yang merupakan konstituen utama dari minyak tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan dengan metode penyulingan air-uap (water and steam destillation). Bagian tanaman sereh dapur yang digunakan yaitu bagian batang dan daun yang disuling menggunakan alat penyulingan air dan uap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak atsiri sereh dapur dari penyulingan bagian daun diperoleh sebesar 0,399 % 10 kali lipat lebih besar dari rendemen minyak atsiri sereh dapur pada bagian batang (0,039 %). Bobot jenis minyak atsiri sereh dapur pada daun 0,8987 dan pada batang 0,8940. Indeks bias minyak atsiri sereh dapur pada daun 1,4876 dan pada batang 1,4880. Kelarutan dalam alkohol 70% minyak atsiri sereh dapur dari daun dan batang mempunyai tingkat kelarutan keruh pada perbandingan 1:5. Berdasarkan rendemen dapat disimpulkan bahwa bagian yang lebih menguntungkan untuk disuling adalah daun. Berdasarkan parameter mutu yang dianalisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa minyak atsiri sereh dapur dari bagian batang dan daun sudah memenuhi standar Essential Oil Association (EOA).The Destillation of Lemongrass Essential Oil by Using the Water-steam Method Abstract. Lemongrass essential oil is obtained from the distillation of lemongrass plant. The main content of this oil is sitral content. This study aimed to determine the quality of essential oil produced by the method of water-steam destillation. The experiment was done by water-steam destillation of stalks and leaves of lemongrass, respectively, under 3 repeatations. Lemongrass essential oil obtained from leaves was 0,399%, which is 10-fold greater than the yield of the stalks (0,039%). The specific gravity of Lemongrass essential oil obtained from leaves was 0,8987 where as the specific gravity of Lemongrass essential oil obtained from stalks was 0.8940. The refractive index of lemongrass oil obtained from leaves was 1.4876 while the refractive index of lemongrass oil obtained from stalks was 1.4880. Based on solubility in 70% alcohol test, lemongrass essential oil obtained from the leaves and stalks were a little bit cloud at a ratio of 1: 5. Based on its yield, it can be concluded that the leave plant produced more oil. However, the quality of both oils showed that lemongrass essential oil met the EAO Standard.

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Research on Lemongrass Oil Extraction Technology (Hydrodistillation, Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation)

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.40883 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 1000 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thien Hien Tran ◽

Duy Chinh Nguyen ◽

Thuong Nhan Nguyen Phu ◽

Van Thi Thanh Ho ◽

Dai Viet Nguyen Vo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Extraction Technology ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Lemongrass Oil ◽

Water Ratio

Microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) is preferred to traditional extraction methods due to shorter extraction time, the inability of volatile components to be damaged or decomposed which in turn improve the efficiency and quality of essential oils. In this research, we investigated the parameters that affect the extraction of lemongrass oil process by MAHD method and compare with those of hydro-distillation (HD) method. Four parameters were identified which are: raw material size, raw material to water ratio, extraction time and microwave power. The results show that the optimum condition for determining the lemongrass essential oil content is 20 mm in the 90 min extraction time with a microwave power of 450 W at raw material to water ratio of 1:3 (g/mL). When compared to the HD method, we found that the yield lemongrass oil of MAHD method is 0.35% on 90 min and the yield of HD method is 0.2% on 360 min. The quality of oil samples at different extraction method was evaluated by determining their chemical constituents through GC-MS. The highest identified component is Citral with 93.28% for MAHD, while the HD was 83.85%. Therefore, MAHD method is highly efficient and shorten the time needed for the extraction of essential oils.

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Extraction of Essential Oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. by Two Different Methods: Hydrodistillation and Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2019/3659432 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Majda Elyemni ◽

Bouchra Louaste ◽

Imane Nechad ◽

Taha Elkamli ◽

Abdelhak Bouia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Azeotropic Distillation ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis L

The extraction of essential oils is generally carried out by two main techniques: azeotropic distillation (hydrodistillation, hydrodiffusion, and steam distillation) and extraction with solvents. However, these traditional methods are a bit expensive, especially since they are extremely energy and solvent consuming. This work consists in studying two methods of extraction of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: microwave assisted hydrodistillation (MAH) and Clevenger hydrodistillation (CH). Several parameters have been studied: the extraction time, the yield, and the chemical composition of the essential oils as well as the efficiency and cost of each procedure. The results obtained revealed that microwave-assisted hydrodistillation makes it possible to minimize the extraction time of the essential oils in comparison with conventional hydrodistillation. Thus, the same yield of essential oils is obtained for 20 minutes only with MAH while it takes 180 minutes with CH. In addition, the quality of the essential oil is improved thanks to a 1.14% increase in oxygenates. In conclusion, the MAH method offers significant advantages over conventional hydrodistillation and can therefore replace it on a pilot and industrial scale.

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Contribution to the Optimization of a Gas Chromatographic Method by QbD Approach used for Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.6.7266 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 2015-2020

Author(s):

Silvia Robu ◽

Aurelia Romila ◽

Olimpia Dumitriu Buzia ◽

Adrian Florin Spac ◽

Camelia Diaconu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Material ◽

Mobile Phase ◽

Chromatographic Method ◽

Salvia Officinalis ◽

Salvia Officinalis L ◽

Gas Chromatographic Method

Numerous articles on Salvia officinalis L. have been published regarding the composition of their essential oil. The considerable variation found may be due to the quality of the plant material as well as to the methods used for analysis. A simple GC-MS method was developed and optimized in the QbD approach, for the determination of sage essential oils. The optimization of GC-MS analysis was performed using different mobile phase flows, injection volumes, split ratios and temperature programs. The optimized method proved to be simple and can be successfully applied for the determination of sage essential oils.

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Extraction and Quantification of Eugenol from Clove Buds Using HPLC

Current Chromatography ◽

10.2174/2213240607999200818161356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Khadiza Fitri Shafira ◽

Abul Kalam Azad ◽

Zubair Khalid Labu ◽

Abul Bashar Mohammed Helal Uddin

Keyword(s):

Processing Time ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Past Study ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Clove Essential Oil

Background: Eugenol is the main constituent of clove essential oil. Past studies have found that clove oil has diverse uses in the pharmaceutical field due to its antioxidant, antibacterial and anesthetic properties. Objective: This work compares the performance of different extraction methods and factors and identifies the effect of the treatments on oil yields and eugenol content. Materials and Methods: Maceration, Hydro distillation, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and Soxhlet were performed. The best technique was identified according to yield and content. Further studies were conducted to examine the effects of different factors, such as solvent types (ethanol and methanol) and sample-to-solvent ratio (1:10 and 1:15). HPLC UV-Vis was utilized in the analysis of eugenol concentration. Results and Discussion: Soxhlet extraction provided the highest yield (39.98%) and eugenol content (15.83%), compared to other methods. The results observed from several Soxhlet extraction factors showed that there is no significant difference between the different factors. In the meantime, methanol 1:15 provided the greatest amount of yields (57.83%) and eugenol content (22.21%). In this regard, the higher ratio resulted in higher eugenol content. Conclusion: The results obtained are less comparable because the processing time, the working solvent, and the separation technique were carried out differently for each method. In the meantime, as there is no past study that compared the selected methods and factors, this study’s findings will contribute substantially to fill the gap in this field.

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QUALITY DIFFERENCES OF BOER LIQUID SEMEN DURING STORAGE WITH ADDITION SWEETORANGEESSENTIAL OIL IN TRIS YOLK AND GENTAMICIN EXTENDER

Journal of Community Research and Service ◽

10.24114/jcrs.v1i2.9341 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 78 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sukma Aditya Sitepu ◽

Zaituni Udin ◽

Jaswandi Jaswandi ◽

Hendri Hendri

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Orange Peel ◽

Boer Goat ◽

Closed Tube ◽

Growth Of Bacteria

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to know the quality of Boer liquid semen during storage by adding sweet orange essential oil and gentamicin into the tris yolkextender.The semenlongevity test was carried out by storing semen in a closed tube at room temperature and refrigerator, and evaluated motility and Viability every 3 hours at room temperature and 12 hours in refrigerator. The results showed that the characteristics of the liquid semen, with the addition of 1% of essential oils showed percentage of motility and Viability significantly higher than 0.5% and without the addition of essential oil, either stored at room temperature or in the refrigerator. This may be related to the content of essential oils of sweet orange peel containing flavonoids and antibacterials that are capable of maintaining liquid semen quality of Boer Goat.In addition, gentamicin contains antibacterials capable of suppressing the growth of bacteria which can damage and durabilitythe spermatozoa.Keywords: Boer Goat,Gentamicin, Liquid semen, Sweet orange

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Application of Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Essential Oils from Pomelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] Leaves using Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation Method

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2019.21768 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (8) ◽

pp. 1639-1642 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

TAN PHAT DAO ◽

THIEN HIEN TRAN ◽

Duy Trinh Nguyen ◽

Duy Chinh Nguyen ◽

Dai Hai Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Response Surface ◽

Favourable Outcome ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

P Value ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

New Methods ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Pomelo leaves oil has many applications regarding hair nourishment and stimulation. Recently, new methods of extracting essential oil used have been increasingly developed to replace traditional methods. In this research, maximization of essential oils yield from Citrus grandis was studied by the combination of microwave assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) and response surface methodology (RSM). We found that the maximum essential oil yield was 0.3197 % with 91.3 % desirability corresponding to factors such as material and water ratiosof 3.04:1, extraction time at 62.76 min and microwave power of 482.17 W. ANOVA analysis for quadratic model also gives favourable outcome including the high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9443), significant F-value and p-value of coefficients. All these values indicate that this model is significant between experimental and predicted variables.

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Microwave-Assisted Techniques (MATs); a Quick Way to Extract a Fragrance: A Review

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300801040 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300801 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Antonios K. Kokolakis ◽

Spyridon K. Golfinopoulos

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Process Design ◽

Chromatographic Analysis ◽

Plant Material ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Product Yield ◽

Heating Source ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

New Process

In recent years Microwave-Assisted Techniques (MATs) have been introduced as a new process design and operation for essential oils extraction, representing a viable alternative to conventional old-type methods of distillation which are routinely used for the isolation of essential oils from herbs, flowers and spices prior to gas chromatographic analysis. The novelty of the technique lies in a microwave heating source generating a mixture of boiling solvent with the raw plant material settled above (or drenched inside). Several variations of distillation techniques are evaluated in terms of substantial energy saving, rapidity, product yield, cleanliness and product quality. Results confirm the effectiveness of MATs, which allow extraction of essential oils in shorter extraction time (up-to 9 times faster), using “greener” procedures and provide a higher quality essential oil with better sensory and antioxidant properties.

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Microencapsulation of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil Via Spray Drying: Effects of Feed Emulsion Parameters

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8010040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 40 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nguyen Phu Thuong Nhan ◽

Vo Tan Thanh ◽

Mai Huynh Cang ◽

Tri Duc Lam ◽

Nguyen Cam Huong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Gum Arabic ◽

Core Material ◽

Wall Material ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Encapsulation Process ◽

Wall Materials ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

The purpose of this study was to attempt the encapsulation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil utilizing spray drying technique. An array of process parameters including concentration of wall (15–30%), type of wall materials (maltodextrin, maltodextrin and gum Arabic mixture), and concentration of essential oil (0.5–2.0%) were thoroughly investigated. The results show that the use of sole maltodextrin as encapsulant gave microcapsules characteristics comparable to that of powder produced using maltodextrin and gum Arabic mixture. The encapsulation process that was performed with maltodextrin at the concentration of 30% as wall material and lemongrass essential oil at the concentration of 1.5% as core material showed highest drying yield (84.49%), microencapsulation yield (89.31%) and microencapsulation efficiency (84.75%). Encapsulated essential oils retained most of their major constituents in comparison with the bare essential oils without any significant compromise in product quality.

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Essential Oil Composition of Three Species of Thymus Growing Wild in Mazandaran, Iran

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2016-0019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 107-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. Ghelichnia

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Geranyl Acetate ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Oil Composition

Abstract The genus Thymus has a wide distributional range and chemical composition of the essential oils varies with geographical location of collection site, climate and other ecological factors. The essential oils of the aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty seven components were characterized in the essential oil of T. fedtschenkoi. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (69.04%), thymol (5.95%), borneol (5.21%), p-cymene (4.20%), bornyl acetate (2.97%) and 1,8- cineole (2.72%). Twenty two components were characterized in the essential oil of T. trauveterri. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (54.02%), thymol (9.29%), borneol (3.51%), p-cymene (18.64%) and γ- terpinene (2.97%). Twenty six components were characterized in the essential oil of T. pubescens. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (13.85%), α-terpineol (11.49%), thymol (10%), geraniol (9.48%), α-pinene (8.52%), p-cymene (7.66%), camphor (4.66%), γ-terpinene (3.15%) and myrcene (2.22%). Twenty four components were characterized in the essential oil of T. fallax. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (41.84%), p-cymene (12.18%), α-terpineol (11.49%), thymol (10%), γ-terpinene (8.68%), borneol (5.11%), geraniol (4.35%) and geranyl acetate (2.16%).

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