scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK DAUN SAMBUNG NYAWA (Gynura Procumbens [Lour].Merr) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN PADA MINYAK KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT METANOL

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Mersi Suriani Sinaga ◽  
Putri Defriska Siagian ◽  
Rika Ariska
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Peroxide Number ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Extraction Temperature

Sambung Nyawa leaves (Gynura Procumbens [Lour].Merr) have been used as a traditional medicine. Sambung Nyawa leaves contain flavonoid compounds, its functional as a natural antioxidant. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Sambung Nyawa leaves extract addition as an antioxidant and ability to preserve the quality of coconut oil. Firstly, flavonoids were extracted from Sambung Nyawa leaves with combination of raw material to solvent ratio (w/v) and extraction temperature. The extracts which gave the highest total flavonoids contents were mixed into the coconut oil  for 3 days, 6 days, 9 days, 12 days, and 15 days. Total  flavonoids contents of  Sambung Nyawa leaves extracts were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The analyses for coconut oil were the value of acid, iod, and peroxide number. The results showed that the highest total flavonoids contents of  1,32 %  be obtained with raw material to solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v) and extraction temperature of 55 oC. The lowest acid number of 0.45%, the highest iod number of 7.90 gr I2/100 gr, and the lowest peroxide number of 4.40 mg O2/100 gr be obtained with stored time of 3 days for coconut oil which mixed with the Sambung Nyawa leaves extracts.

scholarly journals THE QUALITY OF COCONUT OIL PREPARED USING HEATING TECHNIQUE WITH ADDITION OF CARROT POWDER (Daucus carrota L) AS NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
N. M. Suaniti ◽  
M. Manurung ◽  
O. Ratnayani ◽  
A.A. I.S.J. Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Peroxide Number

Spoilage of coconut oil is indicated by rancidity caused by the oxidation and hydrolysis reactions. One of the efforts that can be carried out to inhibit the rancidity is by adding a natural antioxidant, such as carrot (Daucus carrota L) powder, into the coconut oil. This research aimed to find out the effect of the addition of carrot powder into the coconut oil on some parameters namely iodine number, peroxide number, FFA level, acid value and water content. The coconut oil was prepared by heating technique followed by the addition of carrot powder in the ratio of coconut oil:carrot of 100:1, 100:2, 100:3, 100:4, 100:5, and coconut oil:BHT (Butyl Hydroxy Toluene) of 100:1 as the positive control. The results were then compared to the Indonesian National Standard of SNI 01-2902-1992. It was found that the coconut oil added with carrot powder in the ratio of 100:4 showed the best quality with iodine number of 8.4092 ± 0.5761g iodine/100g, peroxide number of 3.2363 ± 1.9168mg O2/100g, Free Fatty Acid level (FFA) of 0.1676 ± 0.0037 %, acid value of 0.4656 ± 0.0119mg KOH/g and water content of 0.1038 ± 0.0068 %. The characterization using FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) of such quality of coconut oil indicated some functional groups of OH, CH, CH3, C=O, CºC aliphatic and C=C aliphatic were contained.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Pineapple Extract (Ananas Comosus) and Kesum Leaves (Polygonus Minus) on the Quality of Coconut Oil (Coconus Nucifera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Hendra Budi Sungkawa ◽  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Herlinda Djohan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Peroxide Number ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Pineapple Fruit

The processed oil from the coconut plant is generally understood as coconut oil. A method is required to produce a product with a higher oil extraction rate and is able to reduce the water content and free fatty acids in the coconut oil production. It is also necessary to add substances that can delay or prevent fat oxidation reactions by generating substances in the form of antioxidants. The method that can be implemented is the enzymatic method employing the bromelain enzyme in a pineapple with the addition of an antioxidants substance from the kesum  leaf. The objective of this research is to describe the quality of coconut oil after the addition of pineapple (ananas comosus) and kesum leaves (polygonus minus) extracts. The parameters for describing the quality of the oil are the organoleptic test, the degree of acidity, the oil extract rate, the peroxide number, the saponification number, and the acid number. This research is a quasi-experiment. The samples in this research were coconut oil without the addition of pineapple fruit extract, coconut oil with the addition of pineapple fruit extract without the addition of kesum leaves, and coconut oil with the addition of pineapple fruit extract and kesum leaves as much as 20gr, 30gr and 40gr. Based on the statistical results of the linear regression test, it was discovered that p-value = 0.000 <0.05, so it was concluded that there was an effect of the addition of pineapple fruit and leaves of kesum on acid number content with an effect of 76.4% on the acid number, 71.4% on the peroxide number, and 81.5% to the saponification number. It is recommended to test the water content, free fatty acids, and iodine number.

scholarly journals Development of "Immersion and Plated Filtering" as an Alternative of VCO Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Dalmadi Dalmadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Peroxide Number ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Filtering Technique

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of VCO oil made using the Layered Induction and Filtering technique. This research is an experimental study using the Layered Induction and Filtering method in making VCO oil. The population used as the object of this research is coconut in the Mataram city area, which is the raw material for making VCO oil. While the sample used is old and dry coconut fruit. The data from the calculation of the VCO quality test were obtained using the standard formula for calculating the quality of oil to test for moisture, peroxide numbers and free fatty acids. The results of the water content test at an interval of one hour for four times were 0.15%, the test results for the peroxide number were 2.46 and the acid number test results were 0.46%. Based on APCC (Asian and Pacific Coconut Community) standards, VCO oil made with the Layered Induction and Filtering technique has the quality of the water content, peroxide number, and free fatty acids below the maximum standards set by APCC, so the quality of VCO oil is very good. Making VCO with this method can be applied on a household scale with the quality of results according to the standards set by the APCC.

scholarly journals Extraction of Illegal Dyes from Red Chili Peppers with Cholinium-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqiang Zhu ◽  
Dongling Liu ◽  
Xinyue Zhu ◽  
Along Su ◽  
Haixia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Donor ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Orange G

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a new kind of green solvents have been used to extract bioactive compounds but there are few applications in extracting chrysoidine dyes. In this study, we developed an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method with choline chloride/hydrogen bond donor (ChCl/HBD) DES for the extraction of chrysoidine G (COG), astrazon orange G (AOG), and astrazon orange R (AOR) in food samples. Some experimental parameters, such as extraction time, raw material/solvent ratio, and temperature, were evaluated and optimized as follows: the ratio of ChCl/HBD, 1 : 2 (v/v); the ratio of sample/DES, 1 : 10 (g/mL); extraction time, 20 min; extraction temperature, 50°C. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (μg/mL) were 0.10 for COG and 0.06 for AOG and AOR. The relative standard deviations were in the range of 1.2–2.1%. The recoveries of the three dyes were in the range of 80.2–105.0%. By comparing with other commonly used solvents for extracting chrysoidine dyes, the advantages of DESs proved them to be potential extraction solvents for chrysoidine G, astrazon orange G, and astrazon orange R in foods.

Study on Technic Condition of Extracting Solanesol from Abandon Tobacco

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1623-1628
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Zheng Gui Gu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Solvent Solvent

Solanesol is an important pharmaceutical intermediate. In this paper, organic solvent is used to extract solanesol from the abandoned tobacco. The conditions of extracting the solanesol are optimized, such as extraction solvent, solvent ratio, extraction temperature and time. The extraction times are also identified. L9(34) design is selected to investigate the factors above. Finally, the optimal extraction conditions are proposed. The petroleum ether is used as solvent, the solvent ratio is 15:1(volume of solvent is 15ml, quality of leaves is 1g), the extraction temperature is 50°C and the time is 4h. The purity of solanesol reaches to 57.56% and the total yield reaches to 6.39%.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Lycopene from Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) by Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Feng Shi ◽  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Yu Hua Li ◽  
Hong Xia Zeng ◽  
Yu Hong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Extraction Solvent

The extraction processing of lycopene from watermelon was investigated in this paper. Based on single factor experiments, response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to study the key parameters such as number of extraction, extraction temperature, extraction time in order to increase extraction rate of lycopene. A second order quadratic equation was established and the applicability of model and interaction involved factors on predicting the lycopene extracting content was verified. The results indicated that the optimum extraction conditions were hexane (containing 2% dichloromethane) as extraction solvent, ratio of solvent to raw material of 3:1 (mL/g), number of extraction of 2, extraction time of 1.9 h and extraction temperature of 29.8°C. Under these conditions the extracting content of lycopene was 14.71±0.22 mg/kg, which is well in agreement with value predicted by the model.

scholarly journals EVOLUTIONS IN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL: LIQUID TO POWDER

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Nor Farahiyah Aman Nor ◽  
Harisun Ya’akob ◽  
Sulaiman Ngadiran ◽  
Ani Idris ◽  
Nurarbainah Shamsul Anuar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Yield And Quality

Awareness of virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a functional food supplement has grown enormously. The treatment of raw material and processing parameters is crucial as they affect the overall yield and quality of the oil. Meanwhile, the microencapsulation technology offers better handling, good oxidative stability, and longer shelf life of the VCO powder. Although good quality liquid and powdered oils can be obtained through sophisticated methods, the process involved is expensive and required high maintenance. By utilising dry kernel and coconut milk-based extractions methods, high-grade quality of VCO can be achieved. During microencapsulation, the spray drying method can preserve the phenolic and antioxidant compounds and maintain the low rancidity of the VCO. This paper evaluates the recent findings of the oil extraction methods and the development of VCO microencapsulation. These methods offer good quality, reproducible and economic viability.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ukuran Bahan terhadap Rendemen dan Kualitas Minyak Biji Pala (Myristica Fragrans Houtt) dengan Metode Soxhletasi

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Andika Saranaung ◽  
Meiske S. Sangi ◽  
Dewa G. Katja
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Peroxide Number ◽  
Value Set ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang mempunyai berbagai jenis tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh manusia, salah satunya ialah tanaman rempah-rempah. Di antara rempah-rempah utama Indonesia, pala merupakan salah satu rempah-rempah yang cukup tinggi nilainya sehingga perlu dikembangkan pemanfaatannya. Tujuannya menentukan rendemen dan kualitas minyak biji pala 60 mesh, 40 mesh, dan 20 mesh yang diambil dari kabupaten kepulauan talaud dengan metode soxhletasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah soxhletasi dengan pelarut n-hexan. Kualitas minyak biji pala diperoleh dengan menguji bilangan asam, bilangan peroksida, bilangan ester, dan kelarutan dalam etanol 90%. Hasil yang diperoleh dengan soxhletasi minyak biji pala rendemennya adalah 60 mesh (39,61%), 40 mesh (37,52%), dan 20 mesh (28,09%). Bilangan asam 60 mesh (3,9777%), 40 mesh (3,8967%), dan 20 mesh (3,4928%). Bilangan peroksida 60 mesh (0,0114%), 40 mesh (0,0118%), dan 20 mesh (0,0149%). Bilangan ester 60 mesh (29,2059%), 40 mesh (30,0777%), dan 20 mesh (31,5288%), dan kelarutan dalam etanol 90% mendekati nilai yang ditetapkan SNI yaitu 1:1. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak biji pala paling banyak adalah 60 mesh dan kualitas minyak terbaik adalah 20 mesh.Indonesia is a country which has various types of plants that can be utilized by humans one of plants is a spice plant. Among the main spices of Indonesia, nutmeg is one of the spices that is high enough value so that it needs to be developed utilization. The purpose of this research is to determine the rendemen and  its quality of nutmeg seed oil of 60 mesh, 40 mesh, and 20 mesh taken from talaud islands by soxhletasi method with n-hexan solvent. The quality of nutmeg seed oil obtained by testing acid number, peroxide number, ester number, and solubility in ethanol 90%. The results obtained with soxhletasi of nutmeg seed oil are 60 mesh (39,61%), 40 mesh (37,52%), and 20 mesh (28,09%). Acid numbers are 60 mesh (3,9777%), 40 mesh (3,8967%), and 20 mesh (3,4928%). Peroxide numbers are 60 mesh (0,0114%), 40 mesh (0,0118%), and 20 mesh (0,0149%). The ester numbers are 60 mesh (29,2059%), 40 mesh (30,0777%), and 20 mesh (31,5288%), and the solubility in ethanol is 90% close to the value set by the SNI that is 1:1. The results show that the rendement of 60 mesh nutmeg seed oil is most and the best quality oil is 20 mesh

scholarly journals Sabun Kalsium dari PFAD untuk Pakan Ruminansia: Kualitas PFAD Sebagai Sumber Asam Lemak Bebas

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Lienda A. Handojo ◽  
Antonius Indarto ◽  
Dian Shofinita ◽  
Muhammad Reyhan Saadi ◽  
Dea Yulistia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Abstrak. Dalam rangka meningkatkan komoditas susu di Indonesia, pemerintah menargetkan sapi perah lokal harus mampu menyuplai 41% produksi susu dalam negeri pada 2022. Salah satu cara untuk menaikkan produksi susu sapi adalah memberikan suplemen pakan berupa sabun kalsium. Sabun kalsium telah banyak digunakan di luar negeri, namun tidak di Indonesia, untuk menaikkan produksi susu sekaligus fertilitas ruminansia. Sabun kalsium dapat dibuat melalui reaksi fusi termodifikasi antara Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) sebagai sumber asam lemak bebas dengan sumber kalsium. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh jenis PFAD terhadap kualitas produk sabun kalsium. PFAD yang digunakan berasal dari beberapa industri pengolahan kelapa sawit di Indonesia, yaitu Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Kabupaten Bekasi, Kota Bekasi, dan Kabupaten Pelalawan dengan rentang angka asam 195–221 mg KOH/g sampel. Produk sabun kalsium yang dihasilkan kemudian dianalisis nilai angka asam untuk menguantifikasi kualitasnya. Keempat produk sabun kalsium secara keseluruhan memiliki angka asam di bawah 1 mg KOH/g sampel. Rendahnya angka asam pada produk membuktikan bahwa keempat sumber PFAD dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan sabun kalsium dengan kualitas baik. Kata kunci:angka asam, kalsium oksida, PFAD, pakan ruminansia, sabun kalsium. Abstract. Calcium Soap from PFAD for Ruminant Feed: Quality of PFAD as a Source of Free Fatty Acids. In order to increase the milk commodity in Indonesia, the government targets local dairy cattle to be able to supply 41% of domestic milk production by 2022. One way to increase the production of cow's milk is to provide a dietary supplement in the form of calcium soap. Calcium soap has been widely used overseas, but not in Indonesia, to increase milk production as well as ruminant fertility. Calcium soaps can be made by modified fusion reactions between PFAD as a source of free fatty acids with a calcium source. This study evaluated the effect of PFAD type on the quality of calcium soap products. PFAD used were obtained from several palm oil processing industries in Indonesia, namely Sidoarjo regency, Bekasi regency, Bekasi city, and Pelalawan regency with the acid number 195–221 mg KOH/g sample. The resulting calcium soap product is then analyzed for the acid number to quantify its quality. The four calcium soap products had an acid number below 1 mg KOH / g sample. The low acid number in the product indicates that the four sources of PFAD can be used as raw material for producing calcium soap with good quality. Keywords: acid value, calcium oxide, calcium soap, PFAD, ruminant feed. 

scholarly journals Fat rendering in an electrochemically activated water environment: technological aspects, safety and quality of the finished product

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
M. V. Gorbacheva ◽  
V. E. Tarasov ◽  
A. I. Sapozhnikova ◽  
S. A. Kalmanovich
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fat Extraction ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Rendered Fat

The work is devoted to studying the influence of physical-chemical and mechanical impact on the process of fat rendering in the presence of electrolyte (catholite) in order to develop an algorithm of fat extraction and obtain a high quality product with adjustable melting point. It is determined that the duration of rendering and heat treatment of raw materials have an equal effect on the index of acid number of ostrich fat. The inverse dependence on the hydrogen indicator of the water phase of the catholite, providing a decrease in the acid number of fat, is revealed. Positive dynamics on the indicator of acid number of ready product at fat extraction with pH of the catholite in the range of 10-10,5 irrespective of temperature and duration of process (acid number of fat did not exceed 0,77 mg KON/g) was established. In the course of fat rendering at the temperature of 50-55 ? and pH of the catolyte not lower than 9, it was found that the peroxide number is in the range of 1.56-1.81 mmol of active oxygen/kg, which confirms the inhibitory effect of the electrochemical environment not only on lipolysis, but also on lipid oxidative degradation. The highest yield of rendered fat was observed at the time and temperature of raw material processing, respectively, 60 minutes and 95 ?, pH of catholite is 10. The use of electro-activated liquid allowed to reduce time of fat extraction by half without significant losses in yield and quality of the finished product. With increase of pH of catolite up to 10,5 it was possible to reduce time and temperature of heatering up to 45 minutes and 75 ? correspondingly while maintaining high value of fat yield that confirms efficiency of electrolyte application and also possibility to set conditions and parameters of rendering depending on the objectives sought. Fat, rendered with the help of electro-activated liquid, does not possess toxicity at intragastric injection to laboratory animal, and also irritating and allergic effect during application on mucous membranes and skin

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