scholarly journals INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INNOVATION AND COMPETENCIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubov Lipych ◽  
Oksana Khilukha ◽  
Myroslava Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
World Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Organizational Competencies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

From the point of view of economic activity, entrepreneurship is seen as the direction of economic resources into profitable business projects. The article presents the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and the creation of organizational competencies. Among the features of entrepreneurial orientation, innovation and proactivity are of special importance for the functioning of enterprises. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of entrepreneurship on the formation of organizational competencies and substantiate the idea that the innovative abilities of the enterprise are a manifestation of its inherent competencies. It is substantiated that entrepreneurial activity is a risky activity. However, its results are manifested in the form of new products, production methods or forms of business organization. That is, entrepreneurship can be equated with innovation. It is proved that the main goal of entrepreneurial strategy is to find opportunities for strategic development, with an emphasis on implemented innovations. The dynamics of strategic entrepreneurship is based on the interaction of development opportunities, strategic partnerships and competencies. Organizational competencies are created in the process of training and operation of the enterprise. The highest rank in their hierarchy belongs to key competencies as a unique combination of knowledge, technology and skills. It is noted that the intensification of entrepreneurial activity and change of competencies are related to the life cycle of enterprises. At different stages of the life cycle, the company, adapting to changes in the external environment, also changes its competencies. Considering the possibilities of self-renewal of the organization, four possible innovative strategies of enterprises are analyzed, taking into account aspects of entrepreneurship: organizational knowledge management; discovery (exploration); inter-organizational cooperation business strategies related to the creation of resources outside the organization. The evolution of views on models and processes related to innovation and entrepreneurship is presented. It is emphasized that both entrepreneurship and innovation are related to the processes of internationalization of enterprises in the world market. They also have their own regional and local features.

The reproduction and larval development of Nereis fucata (Savigny)

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Brown-Gilpin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

The wide variety of reproductive patterns and behaviour in the many species of Nereidae already studied clearly justifies further research. But the life history of Nereis fucata (Savigny) is not only of interest from the comparative point of view. Its commensal habit (it occurs within shells occupied by hermit crabs) immediately gives it a special importance. This alone warrants a detailed study, particularly as no commensal polychaete has yet been reared through to metamorphosis and settlement on its host (Davenport, 1955; Davenport & Hickok, 1957). The numerous interesting problems which arise, and the experimental methods needed to study them, are, however, beyond the range of a paper on nereid development. It is therefore proposed to confine the present account to the reproduction and development up to the time when the larvae settle on the bottom. The complete life cycle, the mechanism of host-adoption, and related topics, will be reported in later papers.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment and Indoor Environmental Quality of Wooden Family Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10557
Author(s):  
Silvia Vilčeková ◽  
Katarína Harčárová ◽  
Andrea Moňoková ◽  
Eva Krídlová Burdová
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Wooden Frame ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes in detail the impact of wooden houses on the environment using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and at the same time evaluates the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in these houses. The investigated detached family houses had a wooden structure. The first one had a bearing system made of a wooden frame; other materials were conventional. The second house was built entirely of log wood. Given the high risk of greenhouse gas emissions, the concentration of which in the atmosphere is causing global climate change, the global warming potential (GWP) indicator is crucial. According to results, the family house built entirely of wood and with a biomass boiler significantly reduces CO2 emissions and is therefore considered from the LCA point of view as a more suitable alternative compared to a house with a wooden frame structure. The building materials with the highest share involved in the creation of GWP include concrete structures (38–48%), ceramic roof tiles (33%) and plasterboard (15%). Plasterboard cladding (55%), concrete structures (17–19%), oriented strand board OSB (9–22%), impregnated wooden structures (31–52%) and plastic windows (9%) are the most involved in acidification potential (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP). Plasterboard structures (21%), impregnated wood materials (47.4%), reinforced concrete structures (12%) and mineral wool and roof tiles significantly contribute to the creation of photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP). The indoor environmental quality was evaluated through short-term measurements of basic physico-chemical parameters. Since both houses have different characteristics, the aim of this monitoring was to evaluate the actual state of IEQ in selected wooden houses under real conditions. Based on the recorded results, it can be stated that neither presented wooden house, in terms of thermal-humidity microclimate, concentration of CO2 and particulate matter, represents an environment with a negative impact on their occupants. With regards to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the increased concentrations of xylenes and tetrachlorethylene in the log house were probably caused by the application of impregnation and protective coatings six months before monitoring. In this case, the concentration of tetrachloroethene, which is considered a potential carcinogen, was six times higher than the legislative limit. For VOCs, such as limonene, isobutylene and n-butylacetate, which were found in the wooden frame house, no limits are set. The legislative limits for xylenes and tetrachlorethylene in this house have not been exceeded, and therefore the IEQ cannot yet be considered harmful for health. The presence of all the mentioned VOCs in the interior air of the wooden frame house is more related to the activities of occupants, as this house has been inhabited for several years.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Valuation of Biochar Production: Two Case Studies in Belgium

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rajabi Hamedani ◽  
Tom Kuppens ◽  
Robert Malina ◽  
Enrico Bocci ◽  
Andrea Colantoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
The Impact

It is unclear whether the production of biochar is economically feasible. As a consequence, firms do not often invest in biochar production plants. However, biochar production and application might be desirable from a societal perspective as it might entail net environmental benefits. Hence, the aim of this work has been to assess and monetize the environmental impacts of biochar production systems so that the environmental aspects can be integrated with the economic and social ones later on to quantify the total return for society. Therefore, a life cycle analysis (LCA) has been performed for two potential biochar production systems in Belgium based on two different feedstocks: (i) willow and (ii) pig manure. First, the environmental impacts of the two biochar production systems are assessed from a life cycle perspective, assuming one ton of biochar as the functional unit. Therefore, LCA using SimaPro software has been performed both on the midpoint and endpoint level. Biochar production from willow achieves better results compared to biochar from pig manure for all environmental impact categories considered. In a second step, monetary valuation has been applied to the LCA results in order to weigh environmental benefits against environmental costs using the Ecotax, Ecovalue, and Stepwise approach. Consequently, sensitivity analysis investigates the impact of variation in NPK savings and byproducts of the biochar production process on monetized life cycle assessment results. As a result, it is suggested that biochar production from willow is preferred to biochar production from pig manure from an environmental point of view. In future research, those monetized environmental impacts will be integrated within existing techno-economic models that calculate the financial viability from an investor’s point of view, so that the total return for society can be quantified and the preferred biochar production system from a societal point of view can be identified.

The Impact of Kazakhstani External Debt on the Economy of Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (55) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rysbek Bissembay ◽  
Olga Koshkina
Keyword(s):  
External Debt ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
Current State ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced System

The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics and structure of the external debt of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This article analyzes the prerequisites for increasing and the current state of the external debt of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which from the point of view of the country's economic security are the most significant. Regarding methodology, we used system, logical, comparative-analytical, expert methods, as well as methods of generalization, grouping, analysis and synthesis. The provisions and conclusions are illustrated by statistical data presented in tables, diagrams, diagrams, accompanied by references to scientific literature and legal acts. The results obtained allow us to give clear recommendations that can contribute to the creation of an effective, more advanced system for managing the external debt of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The proposed recommendations will directly affect the removal of excessive burden on the Kazakh budget and the release of financial resources to address current economic and social problems of the country. The novelty of the article research as a whole lies in clarifying the theoretical foundations and key methods of the external debt management system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account factors of the external and internal economic environment. The significance of these studies lies in the development of conclusions and recommendations that can contribute to the creation of an effective, more advanced system for managing the external debt of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals The Gender Issue in Entrepreneurship Activity: the Current Perception of Entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
A. Kharlamova ◽  
A. Stavytskyy
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Maximum Similarity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gem Data

Today, the issue of gender and equal opportunities for women and men is raised more and more often. That is despite the fact that in developed countries there are very massive feminization trends. Нowever, the development of new technologies, the transition to online life brings gender issues to the fore in the context of new geoeconomic challenges, such as the development of creative industries, digitalization, rising unemployment, growing social and economic inequality. Looking to the future is impossible without understanding the impact of the past. This paper examines three countries, principle economic partners of Ukraine, which had a socialist past, although formed in different socio-cultural vectors, and those that show different rates of development and use different economic models. The working hypothesisis as follows: whether gender entrepreneurship differs in these countries. The database is taken from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring (GEM) and investigated using statistical and econometric methods. The results showed that with the maximum similarity of perceptions of entrepreneurs in analyzed countries, the gender difference still exists in the direction of greater entrepreneurial activity of women in the country, which shows higher economic performance today. It should be noted that the main problem and limitation of this study is the source of data, which is based on monitoring, which does not cover all countries of the world, so in particular it does not contain data on Ukraine. In addition, from the point of view of the input data collected by GEM, we have almost equal proportions of surveyed men and women, both in general and those engaged in entrepreneurial activities. But this is not fully representative. Because demographic composition in these countries differs. It is also worth noting that the GEM data is a survey conducted by a trusted institution in the country, which is not fully representative for cross-country comparison.

scholarly journals Boundaries and Social Representations in Conflict. The Case of Occitanie in 2019, Between Linguistic Space and Administrative Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-39
Author(s):  
Giovanni Agresti
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Administrative Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Space Point ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Linguistic Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
French Region

Abstract This paper focuses on the impact of the creation of the new administrative French region «Occitanie – Pyrénées, Méditerranée» under the social representations of the Occitan linguistic space point of view. This new region was created in 2016 by the union of two former regions, Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon, and does not correspond precisely to the linguistic and historical Occitanie. Therefore, the name of the new region could delegitimize both the name and the linguistic practices – indeed, already remarkably jeopardized.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF EXCHANGE PROPORTIONS IN THE INFLATION AND ECONOMIC CRISES

2014 ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
P. V. Ushanov
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
World Market ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Impact

The article terminates the author's series of publications on the impact of system of stereotypes of behaviour – "success formula" - on the development of phases of the life cycle of the socio-economic systems [7-11]. The author argues in favor of the view that lifecycle of any object of management is a complex spiral consisting of 10 phases, each of which, in turn, can be regarded as a separate life cycle. Because of the stereotypes of behaviour, prevailing during previous lifecycle phases, a change of lifecycle phases often leads to a crisis and is accompanied by painful correction of exchange proportions. The author motivates his conclusion that the modern economic crisis is caused by the distortion of exchange proportions. The indexes of changes in exchange proportions are proposed to use as an indicator of stability of the world market. Proposals on overcoming the crisis are made.

The Impact of Literature on Tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Alberta TAHIRI ◽  
Idriz KOVAÇI ◽  
Fari BUSHI
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
Literary Tourism ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
The Impact

The paper aims to analyze the possibilities of developing literary tourism in Kosovo. To achieve this, secondary data will first be used to present an overview of the phenomenon.The tradition of literary tourism, its main forms will be discussed and a profile of literary tourists will be given.It will also show the importance of literature as part of heritage and the role it plays as part of cultural tourism.The links between literature and tourism will be studied and the ways in which literature can bring benefits to the economy will be analyzed. Special importance will be given to the role of the country in the literature that will be treated from the point of view of spatial theories, especially geocritics.In this way, the paper aims to make a modest contribution first in filling the gap in the literature related to this field, but also in enriching the teaching of literature from a new perspective.The study provides a new treatment of the literature in the light of new spatial theories and their growing influence in the humanities. It also offers literary analysis and ideas to enable the creation and development of the phenomenon in Kosovo. Finally, this study can serve as a material in several fields of literature, culture, tourism.

A Discussion on the Impact of the Integration and Splitting Models on the Operational Efficiency of Medical Centers in Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 3622-3626
Author(s):  
Ching Kuo Wei
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Functional Complementation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
The Impact

Integration and splitting are business strategies commonly used by enterprise. This study discusses the impact of the integration and splitting of hospitals from the point of view of efficiency. After using super CCR and context-dependent CCR to assess the performance in various cases, this study finds that the average efficiency of the subsidiary hospitals has been improved after the integration of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. However, the integration has no significant impact on the efficiency of Chang Gung Memorial hospital itself. Chi Mei Medical Center has improved its efficiency after splitting while the efficiency of Chung Shan Hospital after splitting is worse. Hospital integration should be based on functional complementation, and hospital splitting depends on whether the organizational structure can effectively distribute the current resources to achieve efficient operational performance.

scholarly journals Participation as Public Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-118
Author(s):  
Gabriela de Brelàz
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Participation Mechanisms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Participatory Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

Brazil has been the locus for the implementation of various participatory tools and spaces after the period of democratization and promulgation of the 1988 Constitution. Many studies have been carried out to discuss the importance of these spaces and, more recently, the quality of participation and the impact on strengthening democracy (Avritzer, 2009; Dagnino, 2011; Lavalle, 2011). In May 2014, Decree 8.243 of the Presidency of the Republic sought to establish the National Social Participation Policy (NSPP) and the National Social Participation System (NSPS), with the objective of consolidating participation as a method of government through the organization of forums and social participation and other existing mechanisms in the federal government. The decree generated controversy and discussion in the media and by the Chamber of Deputies. The creation of a national social participation policy in 2014 represented an innovation that must be studied in depth, raising its potential and limitations. Based on the literature review, this article aims to: (i) present the trajectory of NSPP (ii) and analyze the attempt to institutionalize NPSP through the lens of Scott's regulatory, normative and cognitive pillars (2001, 2008), in order to identify and characterize the variables that influenced the process. The regulatory, normative and cultural cognitive pillars emerge from a refinement of institutional theory and contribute in an important way to the systematization of institutional analysis. Analyzing from the pillars' point of view, it is possible to say that the decree was the regulating pillar of institutionalization. However, there were opposing normative and cultural cognitive variables that culminated in its non-approval in the Chamber of Deputies and in not institutionalizing this public policy. This study aimed to show how regulatory, normative and cultural-cognitive elements worked together and materialized through different variables that impacted the NSPP non-institutionalization, contributing to understand the challenges that exist in the creation of a social participation policy, the fragility of some participation mechanisms in Brazil and the tension between participatory democracy and representative democracy. In the future, more analysis must be carried out to better understand the institutionalization of a participatory policy and system at the national level, taking into account new existent bills that deal with the subject.

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