scholarly journals FOREIGN TRADE OF UKRAINE WITH GOODS AND SERVICES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Sukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Goods And Services

Foreign Trade of Russia: Barometer Foretells Storm

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
V. Obolenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries

The development of Russian foreign trade during the previous five years is analyzed. It is stated that, in terms of value, exports of services and imports of goods and services steadily grew during the first four years of the period under review. Exports of goods also rose during three years, but in 2014 both exports and imports again fell in comparison with the previous year as was the case five years ago. The composition of the Russian exports and imports of goods did not change radically during the previous years. The main items of export are, as always, mineral products, metals and fertilizers. Import is prevailed by foodstuffs, chemicals and heavy engineering equipment. The current situation is featured by the reduction of world oil prices, slump of the domestic economy and war of sanctions with the Western countries. All this substantially impairs the conditions of Russia’s foreign trade activities and inhibits its development in the upcoming years. In the author’s view, the implementation of measures worked out by the government – correction of tariff liabilities before the WTO, redirecting of trade streams from the European to the Asian markets, import substitution and export support – will unlikely improve the situation. Revision of the liabilities before the WTO in the conditions of the decrease of the internal demand and serious devaluation of Ruble is considered as inappropriate and counterproductive. “Asiatic turn” is only capable to compensate to a certain respect the loss of supplies of some food products from Europe, but cannot fully offset the loss of potentialities of the acquisition of modern technologies and equipment from the developed countries. It is doubtful that it will be possible to dramatically cut the import dependence. It is necessary to replace many kinds of foreign goods, but it is impossible to implement a frontal substitution of import in all directions. Excessive stress on the import substitution might lead to the emergence of shortages and poorer availability of some goods at the internal market and, at the worst, to self-isolation and economic autarky. The attempts to build up an effective system of export support might be successful only in the conditions of the establishment of the large-scale production of goods and services which would be comparable with the foreign analogues in respect to the criteria of price and quality. Taking this into consideration the technological renovation of production processes, first of all in the manufacturing industry, and on this basis rising up of the competitiveness of plants and factories are the most important prerequisites for encouraging export activities and formation of the new export specialization of the country.

scholarly journals NEO-INDUSTRIAL IMPORT SUBSTITUTION STRATEGY IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-33
Author(s):  
MAZARAKI Anatoliy ◽  
МЕLNYK Tetiana
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
World Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Goods And Services

Background. The high level of the country’s dependence on imports of goods and services leads to significant vulnerability of its economy to market fluctuations, adverse price trends in the world market and threatens the competitiveness of domestic production and exports. The analysis of recent research and publications reveals that the problems of import contribution to the process of commodity saturation of Ukraine’s domestic market, structural changes identification, strategic priorities and institutional transformations in the state implementation of import substitution policy need in-depth study. The aim of this paper is to study implementation possibilities of the strategy of neo-industrial import substitution in the economy of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Modern scientific concepts, theoretical work on development and analysis of internal market functioning, statistical data are theoretical and methodological basis of this paper. Methods of statistical analysis, synthesis, grouping and graphical representation of the results were used to achieve the research purpose and implementation of the tasks. Results. The concept of neo-industrial import substitution is considered. The present state of Ukraine’s domestic market development and foreign trade is analyzed, the determinants of import dependence of Ukraine’s economy are defined. Thus, problematic issues of institutional support for the implementation of neo-industrial import substitution strategy in Ukraine are outlined, the proposals for its realization are made. Conclusion. Thus, we believe thatit is necessary to overcome barriers (organizational, institutional, technological) that hinder the implementation of neo-industrial economy model for realization of neo-industrial import substitution strategy in Ukraine. It provides performance of a set of conditions: the formation of a favorable institutional regime for the development of import-substituting productions, purposeful outing to the institutional trajectory of neo-industrial development, the formation of necessary institutional environment with general economic program development of neo-industrial import substitution. Keywords: foreign trade, import, domestic market, import substitution, import dependence, neo-industrial import substitution, structure of import use.

scholarly journals Crisis in Bilateral Economic Cooperation between Russia and Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-208
Author(s):  
K. A. Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Trade And Investment

The article examines the dynamics and features of the trade and economic partnership between Spain and Russia from 2014 to the present, considering the latest challenges. The once promising trajectory of the development of bilateral trade and mutual investment has undergone significant tests: in addition to the sanctions pressure of the collective West countries, the situation has been complicated by the global crisis in the world economy, significant changes in world markets for goods and services, and the COVID-19 pandemic. In these conditions, the study of indicators of Russian-Spanish trade and economic interaction is of interest both from the point of view of forming a forecast for the development of bilateral economic relations and highlighting those industries towards which the emphasis in trade and investment is gradually shifting. The question arises: is it possible to return to the indicators of bilateral trade and investment inherent in Russian-Spanish economic relations before the imposition of sanctions? The data on the bilateral trade presented by the Russian and Spanish national statistics differ insignificantly in terms of the total trade turnover but have severe differences at the level of the trade balance. Based on both countries’ statistical databases, the author of the article presents the possible reasons for such discrepancies and considers the general dynamics of the state of foreign trade between Russia and Spain. In addition to stating the negative trends in foreign trade, there are problems in investment cooperation, which until recently was considered one of the “strongholds” of bilateral cooperation under the pressure of sanctions.

scholarly journals Foreign Trade in Goods and Services: Comparing the Data Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
A. A. Gnidchenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
User Tasks ◽  
High Quality Result ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover ◽  
Combine Information

The paper focuses on the primary sources of information on Russia’s foreign trade. The objective of the study is to describe the main sources of data on foreign trade in goods and services, and compare them according to such criteria as time horizon, specification by types of goods and services, the breakdown of data by country and region, and the data format.The methodology tools rely on the possibility of applying databases for various user tasks (such as operative analysis, international comparisons, and studying the structure of foreign trade by types of goods and services and by partner countries).The author shows that none of the databases meets all the criteria. To obtain a high-quality result, it is necessary to combine information from different sources. The paper demonstrates the problems of the incompleteness of the monthly data in the UN Comtrade database and uncertainty with the classifier at the junction of 2016-2017 in the Federal Customs Service TSVT database. The author reveals the data gaps in the UN Comtrade database for Russia for some commodity groups. The article presents a comparison of Bank of Russia, OECD, WTO, and UN publications.The conclusions are given in the form of recommendations on the use of the databases depending on the users’ requirements according to the speed of data publication, availability of data for international comparisons, and the need to reflect the structure of Russia’s foreign trade by type of goods and services.The analysis reveals individual structural components of foreign trade turnover and preferences in the use of information bases. For trade in goods, the author recommends a simultaneous usage of the Federal Customs Service TSVT database and the UN Comtrade database; for trade in services the use of the Bank of Russia, OECD or WTO databases (depending on the user’s task).

scholarly journals Digitalization of Trade as a Factor of Development of Export Potential of the Republic of Belarus

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
N. V. Yurova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Geographical Structure ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Republic

The purpose of the article is to show how the digitalization of trade can lead to the development of the export potential of the Republic of Belarus. The article discloses theoretical approaches to digitalization of trade as a combination of traditional and new digital models of interaction between buyer and seller. The author presents the volume, commodity and geographical structure of foreign trade of the Republic of Belarus, lists the priorities and identifies the main prospects for the development of exports using modern digital platforms and the emergence of new digital goods and services. The advantages of paperless trade and the need to implement the main provisions of National Strategy for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus are indicated. The author proposes the ways of development of the export potential of the Republic of Belarus witch based on an analysis of the processes of digital transformation of Belarusian trade.

Foreign trade statistics of Arab countries: selected indicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-658
Author(s):  
Gabi El-Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Merchandise Trade

This statistical file is mainly concerned with the external merchandise trade of Arab countries, which accounts for approximately 77% of the total trade of Arab goods and services due to the large share of oil and gas in the Arab foreign trade.

scholarly journals Short-Term Forecast of Ukrainian Economy Including Shadow Sector Using Causal Simulation Model

Ekonomika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Yuriy Vasylenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Negative Balance

A new causal simulation model of economic development was created, which comprehensively in detail and fully reflects various types of legal and shadow economic activities and their interrelations.The model is used to forecast the whole (legal and shadow) country’s economy up to 2022.The dynamics of shadow and legal indicators are different.The biggest and most important difference is about exports and imports. Official statistics give a negative balance of the Ukrainian foreign trade of Ukraine in 2019-22. However, total export, determined by the model, considerably exceeds imports, so actually we expect a surplus.This is very important for the National Bank: its policy based on the official (legal) negative balance of Ukraine foreign trade should be one (throw foreign currency reserves into the market or to devalue the hryvnia), but with the actual balance that includes shadow flows and is positive, - contrary one (to buy currency on the market or to revalue the national currency).Our model calculates how the production volumes of all types of goods and services should change to ensure that supply and demand are balanced. These numbers can serve a reference for manufacturers.We suggested that the relevant Ukrainian authorities take an active position in the implementation of the developed forecast for the economic development of Ukraine: measuring actual rates of changes in the production of these types of goods during the year, they provide recommendations to producers to increase or decrease their production.

scholarly journals The Statistical Analysis and Forecasting of Ukraine’s Export

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Golubova
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Dollar

In the article the author determined the main directions of foreign economic activity of the country and was established that the main course for Ukraine is foreign trade and international investment activity. The author done analysis of the foreign trade balance of Ukraine for 2017 shows the passive balance of trade balance. The analyzed indicators of foreign trade balance show that in 2017 Ukraine economy was opened (0.93), i. e. it is risk-prone, import-dependent (46.8%), the share of exports in the total amount of the gross domestic product was 45.8%, the coefficient of coverage the export over import was 98%. The calculated coefficient of the international intraspecific specialization of the country shows that Ukraine is import-dependent from the following groups of goods and services: works of art (–75,5%), polymer materials, plastics and articles (–75,0%), means of land transport, aircraft, floating means (–68.4%), optical and photographic equipment (-59.9%), state and government services (–99.5%), royalties (–83.3 %), financial services (–74.2%). The author was determined and substantiated the factors influencing the tendencies of export development of Ukraine, which were the basis of correlation-regression analysis. The export links with all selected factors based on the pair correlation coefficients are analyzed. A high correlation was found between exports with imports (0.987), a rather close but inverse relationship with the US dollar (–0.887), a significant and direct correlation between export of FDI to Ukraine (0.693) and a noticeable but inverse relationship exports with GDP (–0.693) and consumer price index (–0.690). During the analysis, the author built two regressive models of export dependence from import transactions and under the influence of the exchange rate. The author substantiated the effect of the fluctuation of the US dollar exchange rate on exports of goods and services, and predicted Ukraine’s exports in the short period.

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