TomoSAR 3D Reconstruction for Buildings Using Very Few Tracks of Observation: A Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Approach

SAR tomography (TomoSAR) is an important technology for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of buildings through multiple coherent SAR images. In order to obtain sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), typical TomoSAR applications often require dozens of scenes of SAR images. However, limited by time and cost, the available SAR images are often only 3–5 scenes in practice, which makes the traditional TomoSAR technique unable to produce satisfactory SNR and elevation resolution. To tackle this problem, the conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) is proposed to improve the TomoSAR 3D reconstruction by learning the prior information of building. Moreover, the number of tracks required can be reduced to three. Firstly, a TomoSAR 3D super-resolution dataset is constructed using high-quality data from the airborne array and low-quality data obtained from a small amount of tracks sampled from all observations. Then, the CGAN model is trained to estimate the corresponding high-quality result from the low-quality input. Airborne data experiments prove that the reconstruction results are improved in areas with and without overlap, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Furthermore, the network pretrained on the airborne dataset is directly used to process the spaceborne dataset without any tuning, and generates satisfactory results, proving the effectiveness and robustness of our method. The comparative experiment with nonlocal algorithm also shows that the proposed method has better height estimation and higher time efficiency.

Proposal for the application of a quality indicator to medico-legal consultations in the field of medical liability.

Introduction: In recent decades, the number of professional liability disputes has increased, especially in the civil sector. In these liability assessments, medico-legal experts have become the linchpin. Law No. 24/2017, concerning professional liability in Italy, requires that guidelines and best practices be established to identify the necessary elements for writing expert reports in the legal sector. Materials and methods: The authors have created a numerical indicator to be applied to 150 legal expert reports on professional liability, enabling them to evaluate the methodological quality of those reports. The results are then compared with the outcome of the legal proceedings in order to establish the suitability of this quality index for evaluating the work of medico-legal experts. Results : Of the 150 reports considered, 14 were scored inadequate, 75 adequate and 31 good. These inadequate (according to the indicator) reports presented a higher probability of being scored inadequate in court proceedings, compared to the risk of inadequacy of all the reports OR 4.6 (95% CI 1.25 - 16.90). This probability significantly increased on comparing the inadequate reports with the adequate OR 5.6 (95% CI 1.28 - 24.41), and the inadequate with the good OR 7.73 (95% CI 1.50 - 39.87). Discussion: Application of the proposed indicator is simple and produces a high-quality result, thus ensuring an accurate and tenable appraisal of methodological quality. Conclusion: The indicator proposed serves as a useful starting point for creating the necessary methodological standards for medico-legal experts in the field of professional liability as recommended by Law No. 24/2017.

Drawing Up Stories Based On Drawings As A Means Of Developing Coherent Speech In Children Aged 5-7 Years

This article discusses the role of organizing and conducting excursions and observations for the development of speech of preschool children in the conditions of modernization. About the ability of the teacher to plan and organize excursions and observations correctly for the development of coherent speech of children of senior preschool age and enrichment of their vocabulary. The use of various types and forms of excursions in training, allowing you to diversify its process. The more they are used by the teacher, the higher the interest of children. Only the right approach to the process of organizing and conducting excursions in the pre-school district will provide a high-quality result.

Evaluation of the fluctuation properties of the interaction of halftone screens of various lineatures when reproducing full-color images

The article is devoted to the study of the fluctuation properties of the interaction of halftone screens with different lineatures in the process of full-color printing and the development of a method for assessing the visual perception of these interactions. One of the main tasks solved in the process of printing reproduction of graphic information is to maintain uniformity of tone of large background areas in a print. Violation of the uniformity of the tone of these areas leads to fl - disturbances in the reproduction stability of halft screen structures used in the reproduction process, which become noticeable during the visual perception of the finished images. This issue is especially relevant in the manufacture of full-color images, where there is an interaction of several halftone screens produced for four copies of the image, corresponding to the colors of printing synthesis in the process of color separation. A significant influence on the level of fluctuations is exerted not only by the choice of angles of mutual arrangement of these halftone screens, which is regulated by technological standards, but also by the choice of halftone screening lineature. At the same time, compliance with technological standards does not always guarantee a high-quality result. The purpose of the study is to provide the opportuni-ty to choose the optimal lineature of regular halft screening, which, with a combination of these screens, will minimize the level of noticeability of fluctuations (noise) and, as a result, improve the quality of full-color printed materials. To achieve this goal, in the framework of this work, a method for evaluation of the fl properties of the interaction of raster structures based on the calculation of the standard deviation characterizing the histogram of a particular halftone field and, as a result, the level of fluctuations is developed. The developed method allows choosing the optimal halftone screening lineature, which can be used with a double or triple combination of halftone screens.

Foreign Trade in Goods and Services: Comparing the Data Sources

The paper focuses on the primary sources of information on Russia’s foreign trade. The objective of the study is to describe the main sources of data on foreign trade in goods and services, and compare them according to such criteria as time horizon, specification by types of goods and services, the breakdown of data by country and region, and the data format.The methodology tools rely on the possibility of applying databases for various user tasks (such as operative analysis, international comparisons, and studying the structure of foreign trade by types of goods and services and by partner countries).The author shows that none of the databases meets all the criteria. To obtain a high-quality result, it is necessary to combine information from different sources. The paper demonstrates the problems of the incompleteness of the monthly data in the UN Comtrade database and uncertainty with the classifier at the junction of 2016-2017 in the Federal Customs Service TSVT database. The author reveals the data gaps in the UN Comtrade database for Russia for some commodity groups. The article presents a comparison of Bank of Russia, OECD, WTO, and UN publications.The conclusions are given in the form of recommendations on the use of the databases depending on the users’ requirements according to the speed of data publication, availability of data for international comparisons, and the need to reflect the structure of Russia’s foreign trade by type of goods and services.The analysis reveals individual structural components of foreign trade turnover and preferences in the use of information bases. For trade in goods, the author recommends a simultaneous usage of the Federal Customs Service TSVT database and the UN Comtrade database; for trade in services the use of the Bank of Russia, OECD or WTO databases (depending on the user’s task).

FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION OF GEOSTATIC MODELS OF DEPOSITS IN AKSHABULAK SEDIMENTS OF ARYSKUM TROUGH

The features of constructing a geostatic model (GSM) of the Akshabulak productive horizon in the composition of oil-saturated reservoirs Yu-0-0, Yu-0-1, Yu-0-2 and Yu-0-3 are considered. Modern approaches to the integration of the accumulated geological and geophysical data into the GSM require the necessary work, primarily such as sedimentological examination of the core and its integration with the results of logging and seismic data. The correct formulation of the problem, its support by the customer at all stages, due to which a close connection between the performed studies and production requests was ensured, were the key to obtaining a high-quality result when solving a seemingly ordinary modeling problem

Using machine learning to aid in the parameter optimisation process for metal-based additive manufacturing

Purpose Metal-based additive manufacturing is a relatively new technology used to fabricate metal objects within an entirely digital workflow. However, only a small number of different metals are proven for this process. This is partly due to the need to find a new set of parameters which can be used to successfully build an object for every new alloy investigated. There are dozens of variables which contribute to a successful set of parameters and process parameter optimisation is currently a manual process which relies on human judgement. Design/methodology/approach Here, the authors demonstrate the application of machine learning as an alternative method to determine this set of process parameters, the subject of this test is the processing of pure copper in a laser powder bed fusion printer. Data in the form of optical images were collected over the course of traditional parameter optimisation. These images were segmented and fed into a convolutional autoencoder and then clustered to find the clusters which best represented a high-quality result. The clusters were manually scored according to their quality and the results applied to the original set of parameters. Findings It was found that the machine-learned clustering and subsequent scoring reflected many of the observations which were found in the traditional parameter optimisation process. Originality/value This exercise, as well as demonstrating the effectiveness of the ML approach, indicates an opportunity to fully automate the approach to process optimisation by applying labels to the data, hence, an approach that could also potentially be suited for on-the-fly process optimisation. Graphical abstract

Detecting communities from networks based on their intrinsic properties

Communities in networks expose some intrinsic properties, each of them involves some influential nodes as its cores, around which the entire community grows gradually; the more the common neighbors that exist between a pair of nodes, the larger the possibility of belonging to the same community; the more the neighbors of any one node belong to a community, the larger the possibility that node belongs to that community too. In this paper, we present a novel method, which makes full utilization of these intrinsic properties to detect communities from networks. We iteratively select the node with the largest degree from the remainder of the network as the first seed of a community, then consider its first- and second-order neighbors to identify other seeds of the community, then expand the community by attracting nodes whose large proportion of neighbors have been in the community to join. In this way, we obtain a series of communities. However, some of them might be too small to make sense. Therefore, we merge some of the initial communities into larger ones to acquire the final community structure. In the entire procedure, we try to keep nodes in every community to be consistent with the properties as possible as we can, this leads to a high-quality result. Moreover, the proposed method works with a higher efficiency, it does not need any prior knowledge about communities (such as the number or the size of communities), and does not need to optimize any objective function either. We carry out extensive experiments on both some artificial networks and some real-world networks to testify the proposed method, the experimental results demonstrate that both the efficiency and the community-structure quality of the proposed method are promising, our method outperforms the competitors significantly.

PROFESSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL WORK EXPERTS (ANALYTICAL REVIEW)

Aim. To comply with the requirements of the professional standard, social work experts face the high risks determined by the responsibility for a high quality result under conditions of limited financial resources, as well as emotional and information overload. The article deals with establishing the features of psychological, psychophysiological, and job-related characteristics of social work experts determining the success of their professional activities. The study is based on the theoretical, methodical, and expert analysis of the scientific literature. Materials and methods. The theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific data were used for the study. Results. The different points of view on the notion of social work were synthesized, and the author’s definition of this notion was formulated. The requirements to the job-related characteristics of social work experts were analyzed, including the specific features of psychological and psychophysiological profiles. The necessity of taking into account personal and functional characteristics of social work experts was justified for the labor organization based on the principles of ergonomics and health preservation. Conclusion. Currently, social work still remains an unstable definition the content of which is constantly transforming and used as a dynamically changing concept. The majority of Russian authors mostly relies on the modification of social work, which is connected with helping people experiencing life difficulties. Such approach does not take into account all directions and risks connected with professional activities and limits the requirements to the labor organization based on the principles of ergonomics and health preservation.

Dummy Decal: Contemporary Ceramics and Endless Decorative Creative Work

Regardless of the type of product or the differences in its basic elements, the product graphic is synonymous with high beauty, uniqueness, and precision. It is parallel with the beautiful ornaments that adorn the surface of the ceramic product, which originate from diverse civilizations and reflect the maker's creative inspiration. The decal is based on the most advanced and widely used ceramic decoration techniques in Europe and China, which serves as an inspiration for the rest of the globe when it comes to putting decoration to their products. Whichever is the case, the manufacturing and distribution expenses of decal decoration techniques are considerable, needing extensive preparation and execution to provide a high-quality result. As a result, the invention of the 'Dummy Decal' decoration process has enabled manufacturers of ceramic products to maintain a consistent level of output while adding differentiation to their designs. Water Based Inkjet Water Transfer Paper is a fresh source of inspiration for creative items and ceramic works. With a modest access fee and the ability to purchase, this decoration serves as a magnet for contemporary products and creative works. This article can be used as a guide and resource for small and medium-sized businesses, as well as individuals, to assist them in developing their creative thinking when it comes to marketing their organic products.