Public funding in the Italian transport sector. A roadmap for policy-makers

2012 ◽  
pp. 137-169
Author(s):  
Paolo Beria ◽  
Marco Ponti
Keyword(s):  
Public Funding ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Policy Makers

scholarly journals Conditions under Which Trickle-Down Effects Occur: A Realist Synthesis Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Luke R. Potwarka ◽  
Pamela Wicker
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Realist Synthesis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
What Works ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Synthesis Approach ◽  
Elite Sports ◽  
Trickle Down

Policy makers often legitimize bids for major sport events and public funding of elite sports by trickle-down effects, suggesting that hosting events, sporting success, and athlete role models inspire the population to participate themselves in sport and physical activity. According to previous review articles, empirical evidence of trickle-down effects are mixed, with several studies citing marginal or no effect. The purpose of this study is to apply a realist synthesis approach to evaluate under which conditions trickle-down effects occur (i.e., what works for whom under which circumstances?). Using rapid evidence assessment methodology, 58 empirical articles were identified in the search process and critically analyzed through the lens of realist synthesis evaluation. The analysis identified six conditions under which trickle-down effects have occurred: Event leveraging initiatives, capacity of community sport to cater for new participants, live spectating experiences, consumption possibilities on television or other media, and communities housing event venues. The findings have implications for the sustainability of sport policy decisions and public finance, as the likelihood of trickle-down effects increases with integrated planning and sustainable spending related to the above six conditions.

scholarly journals The impact of globalization on transport investment

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 11002
Author(s):  
Florin Dobre ◽  
Valentin Pauna ◽  
Alexandru Cristian Vasilescu ◽  
Ovidiu Andrei Cristian Buzoianu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
European Level ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The economic impact of investing in new transport capacity or improving existing ones is complex and often indirect. Loans for infrastructure are often needed, but they cannot create sufficient conditions for economic growth. Investments in transport infrastructure require public funding. An assessment of their cost-effectiveness is needed to ensure a reasonable and acceptable allocation. Relevant economic, environmental and social effects must be taken into account. There is a growing concern in the transport sector about decisions on the development of the transport system and the effects of scale and externalities they produce. Planners and decision-makers need to know more about the wider economic impact of individual infrastructure projects and transport policies in general. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to present the most important theoretical and practical aspects of the importance of transport investment worldwide, at European level and Romania. Investments in transport infrastructure will not improve the economic vitality of a region unless it has sufficient economic capacity and employment, land use and economic development policies. Methods: This article starts from the hypothesis of the influence of globalization on the development of transport systems in general and applies as a case study on Romania. The paper was based on the analysis of transport legislation, as well as data sets for the period 2011-2019, to observe the gradual development of all types of transport. Findings & Value added: Following these researches, the link between globalization and investments in transport systems was found by emphasizing accessibility to new infrastructures, new horizons and development plans for the main types of transport, which is a key element in economic activity. The main results were disseminated throughout the article and it adds value through the analysis created at global and regional level (at European level) and the interpretation of statistical data related to transport investments.

scholarly journals Who is minding the kids? New developments and lost opportunities in reforming the British early education workforce

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovica Gambaro
Keyword(s):  
Early Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Low Pay

The last 20 years have seen a substantial increase in enrolment in early childhood education and care (ECEC) in several European countries. The expansion of ECEC services inevitably requires new staff. There is however a tension between a rapid growth of services via the creation of low-paid, low-qualified jobs and the aspiration, voiced unanimously by policy makers, to improve the qualification and status of ECEC workers. This paper examines the case of the UK, where ECEC services and public expenditure devoted to them have increased substantially. It uses UK Labour Force Survey data to document changes in the pay and educational qualifications of the early education workforce. Results show how despite a general increase in the qualification level of these workers, their pay remains relatively low. Moreover, pay is found to be mostly related to characteristics of the workplace, and its access to public funding, rather than to the productive characteristics of workers. The paper concludes by arguing that the issue of low pay in ECEC is likely to become more salient in the future, as governments expand services while trying to keep down their costs.

scholarly journals Fiscal-Budgetary Policy as a Stimulation Tool of Economic Growth and of the Level of the Financial Resources of the State

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Elena Florişteanu ◽  
Dragoș Florişteanu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Disturbing Factor ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Budgetary Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legislative Changes

Abstract The fiscal and budget policies developed over the last few years by policy makers emphasize fiscal relaxation measures in order to stimulate economic growth. Expected by employers and employees alike, they sometimes lead to results opposite to those pursued, especially if they do not take into account the particularities of the economic domains concerned and the social realities of the state. Due to the limited and often insufficient financial resources, it is necessary to stimulate those areas considered as generators of growth, and a good example in this sense is the research, development and innovation. In the context of the difficulties of ensuring an optimal level of public funding, it becomes increasingly obvious that legislative changes of fiscal and budgetary nature and how they can be implemented can be both a basis for the sustainability of public finances and for increasing competitiveness and a disturbing factor in the labor market and progress.

Competing With Charter Schools: Selection, Retention, and Achievement in Los Angeles Pilot Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 111-144
Author(s):  
Caitlin Kearns ◽  
Douglas Lee Lauen ◽  
Bruce Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Charter Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Traditional Schools ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Education Leaders ◽  
Lower Test

Charter schools place competitive pressure on school districts to retain students and public funding. Many districts also have moved to decentralize control of budgets and teacher hiring down to school principals, independent of competitive pressures. But almost no evaluation evidence gauges the effectiveness of charter-like schools, relative to traditional public schools. We find that autonomous pilot schools in Los Angeles enroll more low-income and Spanish-speaking students, compared with traditional schools. Pilot pupils are significantly less likely to exit the school district. But pilot pupils displayed lower test scores in mathematics and fell slightly below traditional students in English-language arts, taking into account prior performance and their propensity to enter pilot schools. We tracked 6,732 students entering pilot high schools between 2008 and 2012, statistically matched in multiple ways with traditional peers from identical sending middle schools. We discuss the advantages of our evaluation strategy and the implications of our findings for education leaders and policy makers.

scholarly journals Urban Policies and Planning Approaches for a Safer and Climate Friendlier Mobility in Cities: Strategies, Initiatives and Some Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1778
Author(s):  
Michela Tiboni ◽  
Silvia Rossetti ◽  
David Vetturi ◽  
Vincenza Torrisi ◽  
Francesco Botticini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Sector ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Planning Approaches

How can urban policies and planning approaches help in achieving a safer mobility and carbon reduction in the transport sector? The attention of planners and policy makers towards the promotion of sustainability and reduction of environmental impacts has grown in recent years. This paper investigates the role that Urban Planning plays in the long term towards a safer and climate friendlier mobility, highlighting the need for integrated approaches gathering spatial planning and mobility management. After a review of several urban policies and planning strategies, initiatives, and approaches, mainly based on the urban scale, the paper presents an urban regeneration case study leading to an increase of pedestrian accessibility at the neighborhood level. This can be seen as a support tool to foster sustainable, safe, and climate friendly mobility in cities. The results of the performed analysis show a dependency of accessibility from two different factors: the distribution of services and the capillarity of the soft mobility network, which can contribute to creating a more walkable space.

scholarly journals Efficiency Evaluation of State Transport Undertakings of India using DEA-NN approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2189-2198
Author(s):  
Dr. Punita Saxena ◽  
Dr. Amita Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers

The economy of any nation depends on the structure and functioning of its various sectors. Transport sector is one of the vital sectors for the financial system of any developing country. All other sectors are dependent on it either directly or indirectly. Thus improving the efficiency of this sector has become a major concern for the operators and the policy makers. The present paper presents an amalgamation of the two non-parametric techniques, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Neural Networks (NNs) to compute the efficiency scores of State Transport Undertakings of India. DEA is used to compute the efficiency scores of 27 DMUs. These scores are used to train a neural network model, namely the BPN model. The algorithm is developed and used for predicting the efficiency scores of other units of the data set. The results obtained are comparable and it has been shown that this approach helps in improving the discriminatory power of DEA.

scholarly journals Potential biodiesel production from palm oil, coconut oil and soybean oil for Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03062
Author(s):  
Somkiat Khwanpruk ◽  
Chalida U-tapao
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Thai Government ◽  
The Government

The government began subsidizing the use of B20 in large trucks on a voluntary basis beginning in 2016 and intends to implement the B10 requirement in 2018 for all diesel sales. However, policy makers in both the MOE and the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC) recently agreed that the mandatory biodiesel consumption plan for 2036 may be unattainable (given the strategy does not permit reliance on imports) and is therefore being reexamined. Despite an increase in harvested area, crude palm oil (CPO) production, the only feedstock used for biodiesel in Thailand, stagnated at 1.8-2.0 million from 2014-2016 due to unfavourable weather conditions. Thailand experiences a great economic and industrial development and is the second largest energy consumer in South East Asia. Being a net oil importer, Thai government has declared a renewable energy development programme in order to secure sustainable development and energy security. Thailand spends more than 10% of GDP for energy imports and transport sector accounts for 36% of total final energy consumption of which 50% is diesel. Diesel marks a huge impact on Thai economy.

scholarly journals A scoping review of qualitative research in JAMIA: past contributions and opportunities for future work

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa I Hussain ◽  
Mayara Costa Figueiredo ◽  
Brian D Tran ◽  
Zhaoyuan Su ◽  
Stephen Molldrem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Qualitative Empirical Research ◽  
Technological Interventions ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Objective Qualitative methods are particularly well-suited to studying the complexities and contingencies that emerge in the development, preparation, and implementation of technological interventions in real-world clinical practice, and much remains to be done to use these methods to their full advantage. We aimed to analyze how qualitative methods have been used in health informatics research, focusing on objectives, populations studied, data collection, analysis methods, and fields of analytical origin. Methods We conducted a scoping review of original, qualitative empirical research in JAMIA from its inception in 1994 to 2019. We queried PubMed to identify relevant articles, ultimately including and extracting data from 158 articles. Results The proportion of qualitative studies increased over time, constituting 4.2% of articles published in JAMIA overall. Studies overwhelmingly used interviews, observations, grounded theory, and thematic analysis. These articles used qualitative methods to analyze health informatics systems before, after, and separate from deployment. Providers have typically been the main focus of studies, but there has been an upward trend of articles focusing on healthcare consumers. Discussion While there has been a rich tradition of qualitative inquiry in JAMIA, its scope has been limited when compared with the range of qualitative methods used in other technology-oriented fields, such as human–computer interaction, computer-supported cooperative work, and science and technology studies. Conclusion We recommend increased public funding for and adoption of a broader variety of qualitative methods by scholars, practitioners, and policy makers and an expansion of the variety of participants studied. This should lead to systems that are more responsive to practical needs, improving usability, safety, and outcomes.

Energy efficiency in the transport sector: policy evolution and evaluation in some european countries

2012 ◽  
pp. 157-192
Author(s):  
Eva Valeri ◽  
Amanda Stathopoulos ◽  
Edoardo Marcucci
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
State Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Mixes ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

In the last years Energy Efficiency (EE) has become an important issue in the public policy makers' agenda due to ambitious objectives of the European Commission to reduce energy consumption by 20% in 2020. Many countries have adopted state-level EE programs targeted to include Energy Saving (ES) policy mixes in different sectors including transportation that is among the most energy intensive ones. The aims of this paper are to: i) report briefly the macroareas of state-level transport EE policies related to the transport sector, ii) verify the level of implementation of these policies among some European countries, iii) highlight, for each country considered, the EE measures adopted up to 2007 and compare the results obtained, iv) evaluate the implementation of EE transport successful measures adopted by each respective National Energy Agency (NEAs), and finally v) compare the main results deriving from EE policy implementation. In particular, in this last objective we adapted the good practice policy mix framework for car passenger transport proposed by the AID-EE Project at the information obtained from countries' National Energy Programmes (NEPs) updated to 2007.

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