scholarly journals Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel Catalysed by ZnAl Layered Double Hydroxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nazrizawati Ahmad Tajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Carbonate Decomposition ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Double Hydroxides

In this study, the catalyst ZnAl layered double hydroxides (LDH) were successfully being synthesised with molar ratios 4:1 and 3:1 via free-alkali method by using ammonia solution instead of sodium hydroxide. The catalyst has been characterised before and after calcination by using XRD, TGA, SEM, BET and FT-IR. Based on the XRD result, the crystalline peak was successfully obtained and collapsed into mixed oxides of zinc oxide after the calcination. The carbonate decomposition was analysed by TGA to confirm the decomposition temperature of carbonate anions which is 250 °C. The surface area performed by BET showing an increasing from 213 m2/g to 224 m2/g on ZnAl LDH. Carbonate anions were confirmed by FT-IR result which are at 1390 cm-1 and 856 cm-1. 1 wt% of calcined ZnAl LDH catalyst has been used in the transesterification reaction using waste cooking oil (WCO). The compositions of biodiesel that has been detected using GC-FID are laurate, myristate, palmitate, linoleate, and stearate.

scholarly journals Potential Development of Chicken Egg Shell in Recycling of Waste Cooking Oil Innovation through the Stirer Chamber Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 1256-1260
Author(s):  
Narwati Narwati ◽  
Hadi Suryono ◽  
Setiawan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shell Powder

BACKGROUND: Waste cooking oil (WCO) is overused for frying food can be a series of chemical changes, such as rancid, oxidation, and decomposition. Most of the secretion of toxic compounds are a product of oxidizing fatty acids, especially double-unsaturated fatty acids. The intervention of stirrer chamber unit and utilization of chicken egg’s shell as an absorbent is known to be able to improve the quality of WCO, includes reducing the number of peroxide and the free fatty acids (FFA). AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the powdered chicken egg’s shell on the number of peroxide and the WCO’s FFA through the stirrer chamber. METHODS: The research design used a simple experiment type post-test only Control Group Design. The subject was divided randomly into two groups, the treatment was given to one group as a control group and another group (other treatment) as an experimental group. The WCO sample called “Jelantah” for each treatment was 100 ml as much as 48 samples. The replication was carried out twice with 24 treatments of the mass of egg’s shell powder that was 0 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g at a stirring time for 15 min, 30 min, and 45 min before and after heating 35°C using 150 rpm of stirring speed. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and the data were analyzed by Anova statistical test. RESULTS: Based on the result from this research showed that the original WCO contained the number of peroxide and FFA exceeded the quality standard of SNI 3741 (2013) that is 16.7 MekO2/kg and 0.69% in sequence. The average number of peroxide of control group before heating was 15.31 MekO2/kg and after heating was 17.4 MekO2/kg, while the FFA before heating was 0.61%, and after heating was 0.71%. The number of peroxide of the treatment group before heating was 12.83 MekO2/kg and after heating was 6.98 MekO2/kg, while the FFA content before heating was 0.46% and after heating was 0.25%. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that chicken egg’s shell powder could minimize the content of peroxide and WCO’s FFA through the stirrer chamber.

Fuel stability of biodiesel from waste cooking oil: A comparative evaluation with various antioxidants using FT-IR and DSC techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 101283 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Uğuz ◽  
A.E. Atabani ◽  
M.N. Mohammed ◽  
Sutha Shobana ◽  
S. Uğuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Ft Ir

Characteristics of UV Irradiated Waste Biopolymer from Renewable Resources (Part 1)

2014 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaiqah Mohd Rus ◽  
Najibah Abd. Latif ◽  
Mohd Imran Ghazali ◽  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Testing Frequency ◽  
Acceleration Amplitude ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vibration Transmissibility ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Photo Stability

Waste cooking oil has proven to be a problematic material in the developed countries since people usually pour waste cooking oil into the kitchen drainage because they unaware that this waste can be recycled. Thus, in this study, the converted waste cooking oil into polymer was fabricated by using hot compression machine and named as waste biopolymer (WB). Vibration transmissibility test was conducted to determine the WB characteristics before and after UV-irradiated. It is revealed the similar vibration transmissibility responses curves were obtained at 1mm, 0.1g and 0.15g base excitation levels for the entire testing frequency except for the displacement transmissibility from base to moveable top plate at 1.5 mm. There was only one resonance peak occurred over the testing frequency which was 15 - 23 Hz for the displacement transmissibility and 15 – 25 Hz for the acceleration transmissibility test on shaking table. No other variation used on the displacement and acceleration amplitude to control the transmissibility test of UV-irradiated WB system based on shaking table. Evidently, small changes on the frequency of the vibration transmissibility were shifted to higher value of UV-irradiated WB with overall percentages of changes are below 5% except for displacement transmissibility at 1.5 mm. This shows the photo-stability of WB after UV-irradiation is high and could be used for further study.

Characteristics of UV Irradiated Waste Biopolymer from Renewable Resources (Part 2)

2014 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaiqah Mohd Rus ◽  
Mohd Imran bin Ghazali ◽  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Developed Countries

In the developed countries, waste cooking oil has proven to be a problematic material since people usually pour waste cooking oil into the kitchen drainage because they unaware that this waste can be recycled. In this study, the waste cooking oil was converted into polymer, fabricated by using hot compression machine and named as waste biopolymer (WB). WB characteristics before and after UV-irradiated such as vibration damping, density and surface morphology were analysed in this study. Total damping ratio of WB changes more than 5% after 1000 hour UV-irradiation. UV-irradiation does not give major influence to the WB morphology since there is no big change for overall structure of UV-irradiated WB after 1000 hours of UV. Even though the density of UV-irradiated WB is decreasing with increasing exposure time to UV, but it gives good influence to the damping ratio. WB is expected to have a good service life even in a harsh UV environment thus it can be applied in many applications especially in automotive field and manufacturing packaging.

Fatty acid methyl ester production from waste cooking oil catalyzed by CuO-CeO2/NiO mixed oxides

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 023104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Tajammul Hussain ◽  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Maria Saeed ◽  
Syed Danish Ali ◽  
Maliha Asma
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF PHOSPHATE INTERCALATED Mg/Al-LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 3226-3229 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIHIRO SHIMAMURA ◽  
MASASHI KURASHINA ◽  
EIJI KANEZAKI
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Double Hydroxides

The thermal behavior of Mg and Al layered double hydroxide with interlayer hydrogen phosphate (abb. as Mg / Al - HPO 4- LDH ) is investigated below 1273 K by means of XRD, TG-DTA, SEM and FT-IR. The basal spacing of Mg / Al - HPO 4- LDH decreases with increasing heating temperature stepwise in two stages; from 1.07 nm at 293 K to 0.85 nm at 333 K in the first stage and to 0.73 nm between 373 K and 443 K in the second one. The LDH becomes amorphous above 443 K until Mg 3 ( PO 4)2, MgO and MgAl 2 O 4 (spinel) appear at 1273 K. SEM images of the LDH show plate-like crystallites both before and after heating at 473 K.

Integrated valorization of waste cooking oil and spent coffee grounds for biodiesel production: Blending with higher alcohols, FT–IR, TGA, DSC and NMR characterizations

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Atabani ◽  
Sutha Shobana ◽  
M.N. Mohammed ◽  
Gediz Uğuz ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Higher Alcohols ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Ft Ir
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