Characteristics of UV Irradiated Waste Biopolymer from Renewable Resources (Part 1)

2014 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaiqah Mohd Rus ◽  
Najibah Abd. Latif ◽  
Mohd Imran Ghazali ◽  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Testing Frequency ◽  
Acceleration Amplitude ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vibration Transmissibility ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Photo Stability

Waste cooking oil has proven to be a problematic material in the developed countries since people usually pour waste cooking oil into the kitchen drainage because they unaware that this waste can be recycled. Thus, in this study, the converted waste cooking oil into polymer was fabricated by using hot compression machine and named as waste biopolymer (WB). Vibration transmissibility test was conducted to determine the WB characteristics before and after UV-irradiated. It is revealed the similar vibration transmissibility responses curves were obtained at 1mm, 0.1g and 0.15g base excitation levels for the entire testing frequency except for the displacement transmissibility from base to moveable top plate at 1.5 mm. There was only one resonance peak occurred over the testing frequency which was 15 - 23 Hz for the displacement transmissibility and 15 – 25 Hz for the acceleration transmissibility test on shaking table. No other variation used on the displacement and acceleration amplitude to control the transmissibility test of UV-irradiated WB system based on shaking table. Evidently, small changes on the frequency of the vibration transmissibility were shifted to higher value of UV-irradiated WB with overall percentages of changes are below 5% except for displacement transmissibility at 1.5 mm. This shows the photo-stability of WB after UV-irradiation is high and could be used for further study.

Characteristics of UV Irradiated Waste Biopolymer from Renewable Resources (Part 2)

2014 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaiqah Mohd Rus ◽  
Mohd Imran bin Ghazali ◽  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Developed Countries

In the developed countries, waste cooking oil has proven to be a problematic material since people usually pour waste cooking oil into the kitchen drainage because they unaware that this waste can be recycled. In this study, the waste cooking oil was converted into polymer, fabricated by using hot compression machine and named as waste biopolymer (WB). WB characteristics before and after UV-irradiated such as vibration damping, density and surface morphology were analysed in this study. Total damping ratio of WB changes more than 5% after 1000 hour UV-irradiation. UV-irradiation does not give major influence to the WB morphology since there is no big change for overall structure of UV-irradiated WB after 1000 hours of UV. Even though the density of UV-irradiated WB is decreasing with increasing exposure time to UV, but it gives good influence to the damping ratio. WB is expected to have a good service life even in a harsh UV environment thus it can be applied in many applications especially in automotive field and manufacturing packaging.

scholarly journals Potential Development of Chicken Egg Shell in Recycling of Waste Cooking Oil Innovation through the Stirer Chamber Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 1256-1260
Author(s):  
Narwati Narwati ◽  
Hadi Suryono ◽  
Setiawan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shell Powder

BACKGROUND: Waste cooking oil (WCO) is overused for frying food can be a series of chemical changes, such as rancid, oxidation, and decomposition. Most of the secretion of toxic compounds are a product of oxidizing fatty acids, especially double-unsaturated fatty acids. The intervention of stirrer chamber unit and utilization of chicken egg’s shell as an absorbent is known to be able to improve the quality of WCO, includes reducing the number of peroxide and the free fatty acids (FFA). AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the powdered chicken egg’s shell on the number of peroxide and the WCO’s FFA through the stirrer chamber. METHODS: The research design used a simple experiment type post-test only Control Group Design. The subject was divided randomly into two groups, the treatment was given to one group as a control group and another group (other treatment) as an experimental group. The WCO sample called “Jelantah” for each treatment was 100 ml as much as 48 samples. The replication was carried out twice with 24 treatments of the mass of egg’s shell powder that was 0 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g at a stirring time for 15 min, 30 min, and 45 min before and after heating 35°C using 150 rpm of stirring speed. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and the data were analyzed by Anova statistical test. RESULTS: Based on the result from this research showed that the original WCO contained the number of peroxide and FFA exceeded the quality standard of SNI 3741 (2013) that is 16.7 MekO2/kg and 0.69% in sequence. The average number of peroxide of control group before heating was 15.31 MekO2/kg and after heating was 17.4 MekO2/kg, while the FFA before heating was 0.61%, and after heating was 0.71%. The number of peroxide of the treatment group before heating was 12.83 MekO2/kg and after heating was 6.98 MekO2/kg, while the FFA content before heating was 0.46% and after heating was 0.25%. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that chicken egg’s shell powder could minimize the content of peroxide and WCO’s FFA through the stirrer chamber.

Influence of Hot Compression Moulding of Particulate Biopolymer and their Sandwich Layups for Sound Absorption Characteristic

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 1044-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najibah A. Latif ◽  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus ◽  
M. Khairul Zaimy A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Hot Compression ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Absorption Characteristic ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Cooking Oils

Waste cooking oils are problematic disposal especially in the developed countries. In this paper, waste cooking oil is used as raw material to produce foam. The purpose of the study is to develop the high density solid biopolymer (HDB) by using hot compression moulding technique based on flexible and rigid crosslinking agents. Physical properties such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and density of HDB were examined. The acoustic study of HDB sandwich layups of flexible (F) or rigid (R) has been measured using an impedance tube test according ASTM E1050 standard up to four maximum sandwich lay ups of F and R HDB in different arrangement. It was revealed that the arrangement sandwich layups of FRRF HDB sandwich gives the lowest sound absorption coefficients. The resonance frequency for RFR, FRF and FRRF were shifted to the left except for RFFR. The highest increment was 35.7 %, observed from RFR compared to the three layers of sandwich HDB. For the conclusion, RFR HDB showed that could absorb more sound, thus having higher noise reduction coefficient (NRC) than the other sandwich layups HDB at low frequency.

scholarly journals Contribution of women entrepreneurs’ initiatives to community welfare in Kanjongo, Nyamasheke District, Rwanda

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Providence Sibomana ◽  
Aline Ingabire
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Western Province ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Almost All

Entrepreneurship has been a male-dominated phenomenon from the very early age, but time has changed the situation and brought women as today's most memorable and inspirational entrepreneurs. In almost all the developed countries in the world women are putting their steps at par with the men to increase the productivity of their society. This study has been done purposely to show the contribution of women in country development starting from them towards surroundings in Kanjongo sector of Nyamasheke district, Western province of Rwanda. The socioeconomic contribution of women in community development has been assessed using interview; the economic benefits analysis has been conducted to compare the women entrepreneurs’ status before and after being engaged in entrepreneurial activity. The results indicated that 37.21% of women contributed to the payment of health insurance for themselves and families while they were only 15.12% before. The capacity of paying school fees for their children has increased from 12.79% to 24.42%. The capacity of saving above 50,000 Frw has grown up from 27.91% to 62.8%. Their tax payment capability was raised from 19.77% to 100% as well as the capacity of having domestic animal which has risen from 27.91% to 100%. The construction of houses, job creation and food security also were known as fields where women used their earnings. Women entrepreneurs revealed challenges of lacking experience and skills at a level of 47.67%.  These findings show that women entrepreneurs should be more sensitized on the importance of taking entrepreneurships initiatives and the government should organize short and long trainings to women to enhance their entrepreneurships skills and sustain their businesses.

Investigation of the Impact of Smart Packaging on Performance in Deteriorating Items Supply Chain

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 3344-3349
Author(s):  
Ali Rahimi Fard ◽  
Babak Yousefi Yegane
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Smart Packaging ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

The Packaging sector is an important global industry, representing about 2% of the Gross National Product of the developed countries. In recent years deteriorating items packaging such as food and pharmacy packaging has been developing by high speed, attempting to product safety, shelf-life of products, environmental condition and consumer convenience. So the new initiative methods have been studying and implementing to develop the function of this industry which smart techniques for packaging are samples of this method. This techniques have high power for security the quality or safety of deteriorating items by using the less additives or deteriorate prevented materials that cause the reduce within of the waste, venom and allergies. Smart systems can increase production efficiency, precise and continual and surveillance, product pursuit wherever at supply chains and finally increases the safety factor of consuming safe product and reduces the protests from consumer. The fundamental point is that how we use this technique to improve the system condition. In this research we survived the effect of implementing smart packaging on inventory control also the system has been compared before and after implementing the smart packaging by using mathematical model.

scholarly journals Characterization and Application of Aluminum Dross as Catalyst in Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten Hameed Kamil ◽  
Ali Salmiaton ◽  
Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman ◽  
R. Omar ◽  
Abdulkareem Ghassan Alsultsan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Aluminum Dross ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aluminium Dross ◽  
The Cost

<p>Aluminium dross, a waste material produced by dissolution of aluminum scrap, was characterized physically and chemically by various analysis techniques for a potential to be used as catalyst. Using catalyst from waste materials reduced the cost for synthesizing of new catalyst. An efficient catalyst derived from industrial solid waste was modified by acid washing for using in a pyrolysis of waste cooking oil. The modification of aluminum dross resulted in increased surface area (from 0.96 to 68.24 m<sup>2</sup>/g), acidity (from 315 to 748 µmol/g) and thermal stability. Pyrolysis waste cooking oil was used to test the performance of aluminum dross as catalyst before and after modification. The product analysis showed a better result than the unmodified material based on increased yield of bio-oil and improved selectivity. Copyright © 2017 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 20<sup>th</sup> June 2016; Revised: 28<sup>th</sup> October 2016; Accepted: 13<sup>rd</sup> November 2016</em></p><strong>How to Cite:</strong> Faten, H.K., Salmiaton, A., Shahruzzaman, R.M.H.R., Omar, R., Alsultsan, A.G. (2017). Characterization and Application of Aluminum Dross as Catalyst in Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil.<em> Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis</em>, 12 (1): 81-88 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.1.557.81-88)<p><strong>Permalink/DOI:</strong> http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.3.557.81-88</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Role of the user in the development of the lexicon: دور المستخدم في تطور المعجم

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
‏​‏​‏​​‏​‏​​‏​‏​‏​‏​‏​‏ Sami bin Mohammed Ghaleb Atarji
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Studies

Dictionaries epitomize prominent semblance of the written literature that originated and flourished to form a record of the language of its time. The early pioneering authors of Arabic dictionaries were unprecedented in compiling entire dictionaries that absorbed a living language heritage of science and arts. One of the most remarkable of those pioneers and the first historically is Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmed Al-Faraaheedi who has devised through his linguistic insightfulness a phonetic illustration for the arrangement of content. Among the fundamentals of structuring a dictionary is the manifestation it reveals to the readers, or as they are technically identified as ‘users’. Lexicography has matured in the developed countries to be a renowned discipline of many facets, with scientific principles that deal with the details of the industry. Lexical studies have occupied also a significant quantity of modern linguistic studies. The role of the user of the dictionary has become one of the most key lexicographic guidelines before and after the compilation of the dictionary in addition to the settings of commercial objectives that are determined by the publishing houses according to economic studies. As a result, it was inevitable for the Arabic language counterparts to pursue the expeditious scientific and technological developments, and to increase investment in the field of authoring and publishing all types of dictionaries in accordance with modern demands.

Effect of Thickness for Sound Absorption of High Density Biopolymer Foams

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najibah A. Latif ◽  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus ◽  
M. Khairul Zaimy A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
High Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Cooking Oils

Waste cooking oils are problematic disposal especially in the developed countries. In this paper, waste cooking oil is used as raw material to produce foam. The purpose of the study is to develop the high density solid biopolymer (HDB) by using hot compression moulding technique based on flexible and rigid crosslinking agents. Physical properties such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and density of HDB were examined. The acoustic study of HDB for flexible and rigid has been measured using impedance tube test according ASTM E1050 standard with multiple layers of thicknesses. It was revealed that higher thicknesses of HDB exhibit less sound absorption coefficients. This situation is occurred for both flexible and rigid HDB. The frequency also shifted to the left when the layers of HDB were increased for both materials. The highest increment was 63.46%, observed from two layers from flexible and rigid HDB. For the conclusion, rigid HDB showed that they could absorb more sound, thus having higher noise reduction coefficient (NRC) than flexible HDB at low frequency.

scholarly journals Food Safety Problems in China: Based on the Illegally Waste Cooking Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Chen Chuangbin ◽  
Nie Haisong
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances

The illegal oil (coming from the waste cooking oil and animals’ fat, etc.) is being processed as daily edible oil by a series of processing programs in China. It contains enormous toxic carcinogenic substances such as aflatoxin, dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), etc. In China, 22 million tons of cooking oil is approximately consumed each year, however, 2-3 million tons (account for 10%) of the illegal oil is circulated back to the daily market finally. This research aims to analyze four parts among the illegal oil. It combines the Chinese food safety legal loophole with the treatments of other developed countries to solve China’s illegal oil problem. What’s more, carrying out a field survey is conducted to understand the source of the illegal oil and have a clear understanding of consumers’ usage. Next, the main reason for the spread of the illegal oil which is from the street stalls and restaurants is revealed. The new technique is also used to transform the illegal oil into biodiesel fuel (BDF), however, the material (the illegal oil) cannot be easily obtained due to many barriers and challenges in China. Based on the field survey results, setting up a specific feedback mechanism for restaurants/hotels and the other policy implications are proposed to China’s governments for solving the illegal oil issue in China.

Characterization of High Density Solid Waste Biopolymer Foam

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khairul Zaimy Abd Ghani ◽  
Anika Zafiah Mohd Rus ◽  
Najibah A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
High Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Cooking Oils

Waste cooking oils are problematic disposal especially in the developed countries. Management of such oil is a significant challenge due to the disposal problems and possible contamination of the water and landfills. Thus, paper presented the synthesized of polyol based on waste cooking oil as raw material to produce Bio-foam polymer. The purpose of the study is to develop the High Density solid Biopolymer (HDB) foam by using hot compression moulding technique. The tensile strength and damping characterization shows a good correlation with it density. The maximum tensile strength of HDB is 4.89 MPa with Youngs Modulus of 0.26 GPa. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph, shows two characteristic and classified as a brittle and ductile fracture of granular (shiny) texture or cleavage character with little yielding before the sample breaks. Brittle fracture was characterized by rapid crack propagation and ductile fracture by stress whitening zone meanwhile, the damping characteristics have been studied via vibration test. It is revealed that HDB foam was highly absorbed the vibration frequency up to 19.2% as compared to rigid HDB foam of only 5.7%. Furthermore, the addition of sandwich layer of the vibrational test were revealed unchanged of the amplitude values.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document