scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF COMPETITIVENESS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulyana Novak ◽  
Halyna Hovda ◽  
Nina Berezovs’ka
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Industrial Enterprises

In recent years, the environmental factor has played an important role in ensuring the international competitiveness of goods. The combination of stricter environmental standards and fiercer competition in the global market forces companies to use the principles of pollution prevention and rational use of natural resources. Product prices should take into account the environmental factor of it production, as well as savings on further disposal and recycling of waste. Now consumers not only in developed countries, but also Ukrainians prefer products made of environmentally friendly raw materials. Taking advantage of high demand, such products will be able to maintain a leading position in the competition. Research confirms that countries that take into account the environmental factor and have the most stringent environmental standards are usually the most competitive. Environmental requirements are becoming an integral part of the corporate strategy of leading companies in European countries and contribute to the promotion of new products on world markets and the preservation of already won positions in the world economy. Research conducted in Ukraine shows that Ukrainian consumers also choose organic products. The article also analyzes the introduction of new low-waste and resource-saving technological processes at Ukrainian industrial enterprises in recent years, as well as the main sources of funding for environmental costs. The article presents the strategic goals of the state environmental policy, which are specified in the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030, the implementation of which will help achieve sustainable development. There are also strategic objectives to increase competitiveness, the solution of which will help improve the quality and competitiveness of products and their promotion in foreign markets. In general, the formation of an environmentally friendly economy in Ukraine requires increasing the role of the state with the involvement of all market instruments while actively implementing institutional transformations aimed at improving the efficiency and competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INNOVATIVE MARKET OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Nikolaeva ◽  
Nikita Grinev ◽  
Pavel Barabanov ◽  
Elena Kulyuasova ◽  
Nikolay Kulyuasov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Chemical Complex ◽  
The Russian Federation

"The transition of Russia to sustainable economic growth is impossible without stimulating the use of the achievements of science and education, high technologies, promoting innovative activity as an essential premise for the development of social production and subjects of economic relations. For the state, the promotion of innovation is a priority in the economic policy sector, since it is the level of scientific and technological development that largely determines the long-term strategic advantages of the country, and the prospects for the development of the state largely dependent on the level of innovation development. For a long time, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation has been implementing the Strategy for Innovative Development of the Russian Federation. It includes 20 key steps and is developed based on the provisions of the concept of long-term development of the Russian Federation. The main results should have been, firstly, an increase in spending on science and innovation, and secondly, an increase in the share of industrial enterprises that introduce innovations in production. It was assumed that their share will increase by 4-5 times by 2020, compared with 2010 year. Not everything has been achieved, and there is a lot to strive for. This study is devoted to the driver of scientific and technological progress - the chemical complex of Russia. The chemical complex plays a significant role in the implementation of the most important socio-economic programs of the country. The study is devoted to the consideration of the most important prospects and key alternatives for the development of the chemical industry related to different areas of innovation. Conclusions will be made on key technologies and products that can change the position of the chemical industry in the global market."

Intellectual specialization of entrepreneurship as a way of solving social and economic problems

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Tetyana Skrypko ◽  
Mariya Harasymlyuk
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Smart Specialization

Ukraine lags behind the developed countries in technological and economic spheres, by average income per capita, by renovation of production equipment, etc. Instead, comparatively high level of labour resources’ qualification and intellectual capacity remain to be the competitive advantage. Based on the theory of competitive advantages and current EU smart specialization strategy, it is possible to focus on technology-intensive industries oriented on exports to secure the countries’ sustainable development. The state of innovation activity of enterprises of industry, entrepreneurship sectors and regions is considered. The structure of the types of innovative activities of Ukrainian industrial enterprises for 2010-2017 includes internal and external impacts, such as the purchase of equipment and software, training of employees, etc. Statistical, table, questionnaire, factor analysis methods were used. The comparative analysis provides an innovative index of Ukraine and its 10 components (human resources, attractive research systems, innovation friendly environment, finance and support, firm investments, innovators, linkages, intellectual assets, employment impacts, sales impacts) calculated by EU economic experts according to the methodology The European Innovation Scoreboard. Based on the answers of the managers of small businesses, the bottlenecks of innovation management are grounded: internal (qualifications of managers and specialists), limited financial resources, risk of activities diversification) and external (corruption, formal approach of authorities and institutional infrastructure). The paper proves the reasonability of the state policy of further investment development and stimulation of the IT sector due to its low material resources, proper system of education of specialists, legal support and fiscal policy. The record high growth rate of the information services market and the corresponding high-intellectual cluster of specialists allows predicting the integration of the national industry into the international division of labor from the angle of geopolitical smart specialization.

Economic sovereignty in the 21-st century: the issue of Russia's foreign economic security in the conditions of membership in international financial and economic organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3637
Author(s):  
J.G. Leshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Sphere

The article deals with topical issues related to the transformation of economic sovereignty in terms of ensuring the external economic security of the state within the framework of membership in international financial and economic organizations. Since the beginning of the XXI century, almost all countries of the world, including Russia, have accelerated the pace of opening their economies. With this initiative, they expected the introduction of a new driving force in the process of domestic economic development and the creation of new market opportunities. States to varying degrees have integrated their domestic economies into the global market. However, for any country, opening the economy to the outside world is not free. The national economy will inevitably be subject to certain costs, which will affect the increase in value and the same time be perceived as weakening the country's «economic sovereignty», namely, the erosion of permanent and exclusive privileges over its economic activity and national resources. The increase in the number of international financial and economic organizations and the expansion of their functions naturally limit the sovereignty of a particular country. The most typical example is the ever broader penetration of the following organizations: the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the World Bank (WB), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) into the internal economic affairs of their members. In the conditions of world economic globalization, many underdeveloped countries are forced to resort to foreign aid and intervention, which, however, will lead to the fact that their governments will be deprived of control over their own economies. In this regard, some scientists predict the loss of economic sovereignty in a form such as neo-colonialism. More importantly, this is the fact that some economically strong countries, such as the United States, for example, taking advantage of this, influence or violate the economic sovereignty of these countries. At the same time, economically developed countries address double standards in economic policy and apply their own self-realized theories, such as «human rights that transcend sovereignty» and «economic integration that outweigh sovereignty», to make weak countries recognize some of their inalienable privileges. However, these countries repeatedly emphasize that they should not accept international economic rules as a sacrifice of weakening and diminishing their own decision-making rights. Thus, we can conclude that the dispute over economic sovereignty is, in fact, a hidden competitive struggle for power in the world arena. In the current context of «economic openness», external economic impacts on individual countries are distributed in an unbalanced manner. From an economic point of view, Russia needs to rethink the understanding of sovereignty as a responsibility for the internal functions and external obligations of the state in the economic sphere, which includes, but is not limited to questions of the state’s external economic security. The development and normative content of the concept of sovereignty as a responsibility to protect in the economic sphere requires the continuation of scientific development, in particular, it concerns the formulation of the internal functions of the state, based on a distributed responsibility approach between: (1) by the state and supranational actors, which are international financial and economic organizations, (2) by civil society and private business, each performing its own role in the global economy. You should also pay attention to the external functions of the state to protect national interests in the foreign economic sphere, taking into account the existing actual inequality between states in terms of the development of economic infrastructure and technologies.

scholarly journals The Economic Valuation of Carbon Footprint

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Larysa An. Nekrasenko ◽  
Olha V. Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State

Abstract Currently, Greenhouse Gas Emissions are the main reason of the global warming threat. Carbon sequestration by the forests plays the important role in reducing CO2 emissions. Therefore, the environmental policy of the state to reduce greenhouse gases should first of all focus on the development of forestry. But at the same time the environmental policy depends on the tax policy of the state and is significantly different in developed countries and in countries with transition economies.

scholarly journals Problems of Transport of Agriculture on Innovative Development and Mechanisms of State Regulation on Increasing Efficiency of Introduction of Innovation Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Nataliia SHPORTIUK
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Industrial Enterprises

Innovative development is a prerequisite for the long-term sustainable functioning of agro-industrial enterprises. Activation of the innovation process, considered as a prerequisite for economic growth, is constrained by the lack of formalized decision-making apparatus and the assessment of its consequences. In order to manage the innovative development of agroindustrial enterprises in contemporary conditions, it is necessary to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of modeling and forecasting of their innovation activity, which has become a characteristic tendency of the economic situation in agriculture in recent years. The complexity of agricultural production and its specificity determine the peculiarity of approaches and methods of managing innovation activity, combining different types of innovations, strengthening the role of the state in their promotion. The agrarian sector of the economy is practically completely dependent on foreign manufacturers of technology, which, of course, also reduces the level of food security of our country. The existing innovative potential in agriculture in Ukraine is not used in full. The meaning of state innovation policy is that, while maintaining the accumulated scientific and technical potential to the maximum extent, and develop mechanisms that stimulate not only the development of innovative processes, but also the development of their results. The main directions of innovation policy in agriculture include: provision of legal regulation of innovation development and protection of the interests of its participants; implementation of direct and indirect support of agricultural producers in the creation and development of innovations; definition and implementation of the priority development of agrarian industrial complex; development of effective forms of partnership and cooperation, formation of appropriate organizational and economic structures; training of personnel in the field of innovation activity; priority development of material and technical base; development of international cooperation in the field of innovations. The state, based on the recommendations of science, should be called in a timely manner to send agribusiness clear and clear signals about the most promising areas of production activity, to orientate and direct its business activity in the necessary direction for society, to indicate ways to overcome the lag of our agriculture from the level of highly developed countries of the world.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES AND MODERN EMPLOYEES OF SENIOR AGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-462
Author(s):  
P.M. Lukichev
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Aging Workforce ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article discusses the relationship between the “aging” of labor and technological changes in the modern economy. The author analyzes the increase in demand for robots both in production and in society due to an increase in the number of older workers. Increasing the average age of the population in developed countries and the Russian Federation is already a major factor in the transformation of the world economy. The “graying” of the labor force necessitates changes in both organizational and managerial decisions at the enterprise level and in the macroeconomic policy of the state. These changes should optimally link two real trends in the improvement of modern production: a) the growth in the use of artificial intelligence, automation and robotization of production processes, the digital economy; b) the aging of the labor force in all developed countries and the Russian Federation. Supporting only one trend does not allow the national economy to remain competitive in the global market. The author, on the basis of inter-country analysis, reveals a new approach to the organization of labor of older workers, based on modern technologies of organization and personnel management in the company. The state should ensure the creation of a favorable environment for the work of older workers, which allows to overcome the adverse economic and social consequences of the aging workforce.

Economic State and Institutional Environment of Russian Industrial Enterprises: The Empirical Analysis of Interrelations

2005 ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kleiner ◽  
R. Kachalov ◽  
E. Sushko
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Essential Heterogeneity ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Weak Influence

The paper presents the analysis of the data received from the survey of heads of industrial enterprises and also experts-researchers in 2003-2004. The data describe the economic state of enterprises and their position in competitive, administrative, intermediary, financial etc. environment. The assumption of essential heterogeneity of the set of industrial enterprises, including enterprises of the same sector or the same territorial formation is confirmed. It is shown that Russian industrial enterprises as a rule do not feel influence of the stock market situation while the condition of the currency market influences the majority of enterprises. The sensitivity of enterprises depends on their economic situation: the better is the state, the stronger is the influence. Weak influence of the investment and administrative environment on the state of enterprises and negative influence of the activity of intermediary organizations are registered. More than 2/3 of the respondents consider important strengthening of the responsibility of large proprietors for inefficient activity of their enterprises. Lack of the strategic approach in the activity of authorities of all levels is ascertained and the necessity of development and realization of industrial policy at all administrative levels, including the municipal one, is shown.

Corporate culture as a driver of the corporate security of foreign military-industrial enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2363-2380
Author(s):  
S.B. Zainullin ◽  
O.A. Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Corporate Security ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Military

Subject. The military-industrial complex is one of the core industries in any economy. It ensures both the economic and global security of the State. However, the economic security of MIC enterprises strongly depends on the State and other stakeholders. Objectives. We examine key factors of corporate culture in terms of theoretical and practical aspects. The article identifies the best implementation of corporate culture that has a positive effect on the corporate security in the MIC of the USA, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan ans China. Methods. The study employs dialectical method of research, combines the historical and logic unity, structural analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. Results. We performed the comparative analysis of corporate culture models and examined how they are used by the MIC corporations with respect to international distinctions. Conclusions and Relevance. The State is the main stakeholder of the MIC corporations, since it acts as the core customer represented by the military department. It regulates and controls operations. The State is often a major shareholder of such corporations. Employees are also important stakeholders. Hence, trying to satisfy stakeholders' needs by developing the corporate culture, corporations mitigate their key risks and enhance their corporate security.

The technological transformation of Russia's industrial sectors: Difficulties and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1697
Author(s):  
O.P. Smirnova ◽  
A.O. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Production Method ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Subject. The article focuses on contemporary trends in the industrial and socio-economic development of Russia during the technological transformation of its sectors. Objectives. The study is an attempt to analyze what opportunities and difficulties may arise for the development of the industrial sectors in Russia. We also examine the dynamics of key development indicators of the industrial sectors, point out inhibitors of their competitiveness. Methods. The methodological framework comprises general methods of systems, structural-functional and comprehensive approaches to analyzing economic phenomena. We applied graphic, economic-statistical methods of research, conventional methods of grouping, comparison and generalization, and the logic, systems and statistical analysis. Results. We display how industrial sectors develop over time by type of economic activities. The article provides the rationale for structural rearrangements and further innovation-driven development of the industries. We display that the Russian industries technologically depend om imported production technologies. We substantiate the renewal of assets and technologies at industrial enterprises, and retain and develop human capital. Conclusions and Relevance. Primarily, the Russian economy should be digitalized as a source of the long-term economic growth. Notably, industrial enterprises should replace their linear production method with that of the circular economy and implement resource-saving innovative technologies. The State evidently acts as the leading driver of technological retrofitting of the industrial sector. If the State holds the reasonable and appropriate industrial policy at the federal and regional levels and configure its tools to ensure the modern approach to developing the industries in a competitive fashion, the industrial complex will successfully transform into the innovative economy.

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