scholarly journals Use of agricultural technology, yields and economic profitability of small-scale producers (Coffea arabica L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Jaramillo-Villanueva ◽  
Jesus Guerrero-Carrera ◽  
Samuel Vargas-López ◽  
Ángel Bustamante González
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between use of agricultural technology and levels of crop yield and profitability of coffee farmers (Coffea arabica L.) en Puebal and Oaxaca, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: The field work was carried out in the Mazateca region of Oaxaca and the Cuetzalan region of Puebla, in 2019. The data were gathered by applying a survey, using a statistical sample, with 95% confidence and accuracy of 6% of the average coffee yields. Results: The profitability (BCR) was 0.90, which means that for each invested peso, 0.10 pesos were lost, that is, 10% of the investment. For Puebla farmers, the RBC was 1.0 and for Oaxaca producers, 0.81. The BCR of the producers that sold as parchment coffee was 1.16 for those from Cuetzalan and 1.04 for those from the Mazateca region. The group of producers that have high TUI have a different average yield and profitability than the average of the groups of producers that have medium and low TUI. The explanatory variables of yield and profitability are the TUI, the size of the PU, and human capital. Study Limitations/Implications: This study, in a next stage, could benefit from estimating the rate of technology adoption and the training needs of coffee farmers. Conclusions: Due to the positive effect of TUI and HC on yields and profitability, these can be part of public policy interventions to improve coffee growing.

SISTEMA DE PRODUCCIÓN DE CAFÉ (Coffea arabica L.) EN LA COMUNIDAD DEL CERRO CUATE, ILIATENCO, GUERRERO

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Delgado-Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Objetivo: Analizar el proceso de producción y comercialización de café en la comunidad del Cerro Cuate, Iliatenco, en la región de la Montaña de Guerrero, México.Diseño/Metodología/aproximación: el trabajo se realizó por; 1) investigación documental), 2) selección del área de estudio, 3) Entrevista estructurada con preguntas abiertas a 22 cafeticultores, soportada con la técnica de encuesta seccional y la herramienta de cédulas de entrevistas, y 4) análisis de la información. El tamaño de muestra se definió por el método de muestreo por conveniencia, y la selección de las unidades de análisis por la técnica bola de nieve. Resultados: El sistema de producción de café que predominó fue el sistema rústico de montaña, intercalado con plátano y frutales. La máxima productividad de las plantaciones se alcanza de 5.5 a 7.5años de edad, la renovación de plantas la hacen a los 12 años. El rendimiento de café fue de 3.7 kg por planta por año. La producción del café la realizan principalmente hombres (77.3%), entre 56 y 70años de edad. La venta se realiza en la presentación de café capulín a granel a intermediarios, a la ARIC, a CAFECO, a la Unión de Ejidos y a la Organización Mixtrui.Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Se da una propuesta de mejora para favorecer el proceso de producción, beneficio y comercialización del café.Hallazgos/conclusiones: Coffea arabica es el principal café que se cultiva, con las variedades Typica, Caturra, Mundo Novo, Garnica y Bourbón. Los factores que limitan su producción y calidad son faltade planeación en manejo del cultivo y no contar con asesoría técnica.

Deposição da calda de pulverização em diferentes volumes vegetativos de Coffea arabica L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Santinato ◽  
Renato Adriane Alves Ruas ◽  
Carlos Diego Silva ◽  
Rouverson Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Victor Afonso Reis Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

A disposição dos ramos e sobreposição das folhas em plantas de café dificultam a penetração da calda pulverizada. Portanto, para determinar o volume de calda adequado, é importante verificar o estado de enfolhamento da lavoura antes da aplicação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar a deposição de caldas de pulverização em lavouras de café aplicadas em diferentes volumes vegetativos. Os tratamentos foram dispostos seguindo esquema de parcelas subdivididas em cada volume vegetativo (5.000; 7.500; 10.000 e 17.500 m<sup>3</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>). Sendo as parcelas cinco volumes de calda (150, 300, 450, 600 e 750 L ha<sup>-1</sup>) e as subparcelas três posições no dossel do cafeeiro (terço superior, médio e inferior) com quatro repetições. Nos quatro volumes vegetativos estudados, não ocorreu interação significativa (p&gt;0,05) entre o volume aplicado e os diferentes volumes vegetativos. Porém, os volumes vegetativos de 5.000,0 e 17.500,0 m<sup>3</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup> a deposição foi crescente com aumento das vazões, o que pode ser atribuído a densidade foliar. Não foi verificada diferença estatística (p&gt; 0,05), entre as médias de deposição nos diferentes terços (alturas) no dossel das plantas de café, nos volumes vegetativos 5.000,0 m<sup>3 </sup>ha<sup>-1</sup>, 10.000,0 m<sup>3 </sup>ha<sup>-1</sup> e 17.500,0 m<sup>3 </sup>ha<sup>-1</sup>. Contudo, no volume de 7.500,0 m<sup>3 </sup>ha<sup>-1</sup> houve maior deposição no terço mediano em relação ao terço inferior. A deposição é maior à medida que aumenta o volume de calda aplicado. Em plantas com menor densidade foliar, há incremento na deposição. A deposição é maior no terço mediano em relação ao terço inferior.

Pengelolaan Pemangkasan Tanaman Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) di Kebun Blawan, Bondowoso, Jawa Timur

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Vinsensia Febrina Sianturi ◽  
Ade Wachjar
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

<p><em>Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang cukup tinggi</em><em>. </em><em>Kegiatan magang bertujuan mempelajari teknik budidaya</em><em> </em><em>tanaman</em><em> </em><em>dan</em><em> p</em><em>engelolaan</em><em> </em><em>perkebunan kopi, mempelajari dan menganalisis permasalahan yang dihadapi di lapangan mengenai pengelolaan pemangkasan serta solusi mengatasinya.</em><em> P</em><em>emangkasan </em><em>bertujuan </em><em>agar pohon tetap rendah sehingga mudah perawatannya, </em><em>dan </em><em>membentuk cabang-cabang produksi yang baru.</em><em> </em><em>Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di Kebun Blawan, Bondowoso, Jawa Timur</em><em>,</em><em> mulai bulan Februari sampai dengan Juni 2014.</em><em> </em><em>Pengumpulan data </em><em>primer diperoleh melalui </em><em>pengamatan dan praktik kerja secara langsung meliputi kegiatan pemeliharaan tanaman yaitu pemangkasan lepas panen (pengamatan cabang-cabang tanaman, tinggi tanaman, jumlah tunas yang tumbuh)</em><em>, sedangkan data sekunder </em><em>diperoleh melalui </em><em>laporan manajemen perusahaan. </em><em>A</em><em>nalisis </em><em>data </em><em>yang dilakukan secara</em><em> deskriptif, rata-rata dan persentase</em><em>. Pemangkasan yang dilakukan</em><em> </em><em>termasuk dalam kategori pemangkasan ringan.</em><em> Tanaman kopi </em><em>yang memiliki kondisi cabang yang merata dan seimbang sangat mempengaruhi </em><em>hasil </em><em>taksasi</em><em> produksi</em><em>.</em><em> Banyak cabang harus dipangkas karena cabang-cabang yang sudah tua dan terserang penyakit. Setelah melakukan pemangkasan, tanaman menghasilkan tunas-tunas baru</em><em>.</em><em></em></p>

The Relationship between Mobility and COVID-19 in Germany: Modeling Case Occurrence using Apple's Mobility Trends Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark David Walker ◽  
Mihály Sulyok
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Online Data ◽  
German Government ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Community Mobility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Background Restrictions on social interaction and movement were implemented by the German government in March 2020 to reduce the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apple's “Mobility Trends” (AMT) data details levels of community mobility; it is a novel resource of potential use to epidemiologists. Objective The aim of the study is to use AMT data to examine the relationship between mobility and COVID-19 case occurrence for Germany. Is a change in mobility apparent following COVID-19 and the implementation of social restrictions? Is there a relationship between mobility and COVID-19 occurrence in Germany? Methods AMT data illustrates mobility levels throughout the epidemic, allowing the relationship between mobility and disease to be examined. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were established for Germany, with mobility categories, and date, as explanatory variables, and case numbers as response. Results Clear reductions in mobility occurred following the implementation of movement restrictions. There was a negative correlation between mobility and confirmed case numbers. GAM using all three categories of mobility data accounted for case occurrence as well and was favorable (AIC or Akaike Information Criterion: 2504) to models using categories separately (AIC with “driving,” 2511. “transit,” 2513. “walking,” 2508). Conclusion These results suggest an association between mobility and case occurrence. Further examination of the relationship between movement restrictions and COVID-19 transmission may be pertinent. The study shows how new sources of online data can be used to investigate problems in epidemiology.

scholarly journals A Model of Stress Change under the First COVID-19 Pandemic among the General Public in Japanese Major Cities and Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1207
Author(s):  
Misato Uehara ◽  
Makoto Fujii ◽  
Kazuki Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Large City ◽  
Stress Change ◽  
Multiple Factor Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Private Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Research on stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic has been dominated by the cases of healthcare workers, students, patients, and their stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the relationship between the amount of stress change under the COVID-19 pandemic and demographic factors (age, sex, occupation, etc.) in residents of a large city and a rural area of Japan. A total of 1331 valid responses were received in June 2020 from residents of Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagano registered with a private research firm. We were able to identify 15 statistically significant variables out of 36 explanatory variables, which explained the significant increase in stress compared to the pre-pandemic period. Multiple-factor analysis showed that the relationship with people is a more significant explanatory variable for the level of increase in stress than the difference in environment between big cities (Tokyo, Osaka) and rural areas (Nagano), the type of housing, and the decrease in income compared to the pre-pandemic period.

scholarly journals Maternal toxoplasmosis and the risk of childhood autism: serological and molecular small-scale studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila S. Al Malki ◽  
Nahed Ahmed Hussien ◽  
Fuad Al Malki
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Delayed Language Development

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis resulting from infection with the Toxoplasma parasite has become an endemic disease worldwide. Recently, a few studies have reported a high prevalence of Toxoplasmosis infections among Saudi Arabian women. This disease could become life threatening for pregnant women and for immunodeficient people. There is evidence that infections during pregnancy, especially in the early stages, are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism disorder represents one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders worldwide; it is associated with delayed language development, weak communication interaction, and repetitive behavior. The relationship between prenatal toxoplasmosis and autism in childhood remains unclear. The present study aims to report a link between maternal toxoplasmosis and autistic offspring among Saudi Arabian women. Method Blood samples (36 maternal, 36 from their non-autistic children, and 36 from their autistic children) were collected for serological and molecular evaluation. Results A toxoplasmosis infection was reported for 33.34% of participants using an ELISA assay (5.56% IgG+/IgM+, 11.11% IgG−/IgM+, and 16.67% IgG+/IgM-); however, a nested PCR assay targeting B1 toxoplasmosis specific genes recorded positive tests for 80.56% of the samples. In addition, the present study detected several points of mutation of mtDNA including NADH dehydrogenase (ND1, ND4) and Cyt B genes and the nDNA pyruvate kinase (PK) gene for autistic children infected with toxoplasmosis. Conclusion Considering previous assumptions, we suggest that a maternal toxoplasmosis infection could have a role in the development of childhood autism linked to mtDNA and nDNA impairment.

scholarly journals Unveiling a unique genetic diversity of cultivated Coffea arabica L. in its main domestication center: Yemen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Montagnon ◽  
A. Mahyoub ◽  
W. Solano ◽  
F. Sheibani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
The World ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Cup Quality

AbstractWhilst it is established that almost all cultivated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties originated in Yemen after some coffee seeds were introduced into Yemen from neighboring Ethiopia, the actual coffee genetic diversity in Yemen and its significance to the coffee world had never been explored. We observed five genetic clusters. The first cluster, which we named the Ethiopian-Only (EO) cluster, was made up exclusively of the Ethiopian accessions. This cluster was clearly separated from the Yemen and cultivated varieties clusters, hence confirming the genetic distance between wild Ethiopian accessions and coffee cultivated varieties around the world. The second cluster, which we named the SL-17 cluster, was a small cluster of cultivated worldwide varieties and included no Yemen samples. Two other clusters were made up of worldwide varieties and Yemen samples. We named these the Yemen Typica-Bourbon cluster and the Yemen SL-34 cluster. Finally, we observed one cluster that was unique to Yemen and was not related to any known cultivated varieties and not even to any known Ethiopian accession: we name this cluster the New-Yemen cluster. We discuss the consequences of these findings and their potential to pave the way for further comprehensive genetic improvement projects for the identification of major resilience/adaptation and cup quality genes that have been shaped through the domestication process of C. arabica.

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