scholarly journals Relationship Between Perceived Impact of Terrorism and Optimism in Adults of Karachi, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Erum Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Impact Scale ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Education ◽  
Orientation Test

The present study aimed to identify the relationship between the perceived impact of terrorism and dispositional optimism of adults of Karachi, Pakistan. It was hypothesized that there would be a negative correlation between the perceived impact of terrorism and dispositional optimism of adults. A total of 100 participants (72 males, 28 females) were recruited through convenience sampling from various organizations of Karachi, Pakistan. The age of participants ranged between 25 to 40 years with a minimum education level of Intermediate/A-levels. Data was collected using through 5Terrorism Impact Scale and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) scale. The results of the present study revealed non-significant correlation (r=-0.10, p>0.05) between the variables, signifying that the perceived impact of terrorism had no relationship with dispositional optimism in adults in the present sample. Further studies are needed to explore the existing optimism in the presence of terrorism in the Pakistani context.

Dispositional Optimism and Well-Being in College Students: Self-Efficacy as a Mediator

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulan Yu ◽  
Jun Luo
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
General Self Efficacy ◽  
Orientation Test

We used the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Life Orientation Test Revised, and the Revised Oxford Happiness Scale to investigate the correlations among dispositional optimism, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being in 2,578 college students. The results showed that self-efficacy, dispositional optimism, and well-being were significantly positively correlated with one another. In addition, the influence of dispositional optimism on subjective well-being was partially mediated by self-efficacy, with the mediating effect accounting for 31.6% of the total effect.

scholarly journals Personality Correlates of Optimism among Couples

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseem Ahmad ◽  
Azmat Jahan ◽  
Nasheed Imtiaz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Orientation Test

This study aimed to examine the relationship between optimism and personality traits (extraversion-introversion, emotional stability-neuroticism and psychoticism) among couples. The study sample consisted of 30 couples, N=60 (30 males and 30 females) with age ranging from 22 to 28 years were selected from the various places of Delhi NCR. For assessing personality traits, Eysenck Personality Inventory-Revised (EPI-R) by Hans Eysenck was employed and for assessing optimism, Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) developed by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges (1994) was used. Results of the present study were analysed using Pearson-r correlation and t test. Results of study revealed that:  there is a significant positive correlation between optimism and extraversion (personality traits), (r=.368) and no significant correlation between any other constructs of personality and optimism.  Also, there is no significant difference found between male and female on any of the personality traits (extraversion, (t=.912); neuroticism, (t=-.134); and psychoticism, (t=-.423).) and optimism, (t=1.548). The study has important implications for intervention programs.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPTIMISM AND STRESS TOLERANCE AMONG FLOOD VICTIMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asritha Raj ◽  
Seena M. Mathai
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Orientation Test

Disasters like flood can result in creating phobia, depression, anxiety etc. in victims, the psychological distress may also affect their optimism, stress tolerance, resilience etc. and thereby their overall psychological wellbeing. Optimism enables an individual to set goals, make commitments, tolerate with adversity and pain and recover from trauma and stress (Schneider &Leitenberg, 1989).Stress tolerance refers to a person's ability to withstand stress without becoming seriously impaired (Carson, Butcher &Mineka, 1996). Objectives of the study: to find out whether there is any difference among flood victims on the basis of age on optimism and stress tolerance, whether there is any gender difference on optimism and stress tolerance among three groups (primary, secondary and both) of flood victims, whether there is any difference between the three groups of victims on optimism and stress tolerance, and also to explore the relationship between optimism and stress tolerance among flood victims. Method: (a).participants- the study was conducted on 115 flood victims, from Ernakulam district in Kerala; in the age range 18-50 years. (b).materials-Life Orientation Test – Revised (Scheier&Carver ,1994), Stress Tolerance Scale (Reshmy&Sanandaraj,1999). Results and conclusion: the results reveal that there is any difference among flood victims on the basis of age on optimism, gender difference among primary victims on optimism among primary victims who engaged in volunteering and/recue activities on stress tolerance and a significant positive correlation between optimism and stress tolerance among flood victims. It is implied that inculcating optimistic view at home and at school, providing optimism based training sessions at school from very early years of age can result in generations that will be able to tolerate stressful events in life, whether it is personal issues, manmade or natural disasters.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Teenage Mothers towards Pregnancy and Childbirth

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bałanda-Bałdyga ◽  
Anna Bogusława Pilewska-Kozak ◽  
Celina Łepecka-Klusek ◽  
Grażyna Stadnicka ◽  
Beata Dobrowolska
Keyword(s):  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Early Motherhood ◽  
Age Attitudes ◽  
Orientation Test

The problem of early motherhood is still a serious medical and social problem in many countries around the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the attitudes of teenage mothers towards pregnancy and childbirth. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with the use of an original questionnaire containing a test to measure attitudes on a five-point Likert scale and a Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) to assess dispositional optimism. The study involved 308 teenage mothers between 13 and 19 years of age. Attitudes of teenage mothers towards pregnancy and childbirth were more often positive (90.6%) than negative (9.4%). Sociodemographic features determining the attitudes of teenage mothers towards both their pregnancy and childbirth included their age, marital status, current occupation, and main source of income. The type of attitude adopted by teenage mothers towards pregnancy and childbirth was significantly related to the level of their dispositional optimism.

Effect of Dispositional Optimism on Comparative Risk Perceptions for Developing Aids

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
University Students ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
University Student ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Orientation Test

The present study investigated the effects of individual differences along the dimension of dispositional optimism-pessimism on comparative risk perception in relation to the prospect of developing AIDS. 104 university students completed the Life Orientation Test of Scheier and Carver and estimated the likelihood of AIDS happening to themselves and the average university student. A split at the median on the Life Orientation Test divided subjects into optimists and pessimists. Dispositional optimists and pessimists rated their own likelihood of developing AIDS as less than that of the average student. Moreover, subjects classified as optimistic and pessimistic did not differ significantly in their ratings of comparative risk perception.

scholarly journals Optimisme Disposisional dan Pengukurannya pada Orang Usia Lanjut

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Yohanes Kiling ◽  
Yunita Marcelini Manafe ◽  
Beatriks Novianti Bunga
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Positive Attribute ◽  
Orientation Test

The elderly as a vulnerable group of people in the community has various physical, psychological and social adversities in their life. In this age, someone who is of old age should have a positive attribute that could help the person to achieve a life with quality. Dispositional optimism is an individual’s positive attribute that could give a positive impact to elderly people. This paper reviewed theories related to dispositional optimism by reviewing existing literature. Indicators and measurement of dispositional optimism also discussed in this paper. Dispositional optimism theory was reviewed from the perspective of the initial founder of the theory and then further looked at its development in global application. Indicators of dispositional optimism were discussed to further understand the process of measurement of the concept itself. The measurement of dispositional optimism was often referred to as the Life Orientation Test scale, which was developed into various kinds of similar tests in order to use the test in other settings. The discussion in this paper hopefully could provide knowledge regarding dispositional optimism in elderly people especially future research in an Indonesian setting.

OPTIMISM AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Schutte ◽  
John K. Valerio ◽  
Victor Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Orientation Test

This research examined the relationship between optimism and socioeconomic status (SES) in a sample (N=245) of Anglo- and Mexican-Americans. Study I found small but significant correlations between both situational (measured by the Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale-Revised; GESS-R) and dispositional optimism (measured by the Life Orientation Test; LOT) and SES. Correlations were stronger for Anglo-Americans than for the sample as a whole and were not statistically significant for Mexican-American subjects. Study 2 used a purely Mexican-American sample (N=254), performed exploratory factor analysis on both the LOT and GESS-R, and correlated the rotated factor scores with SES. A GESS-R factor involving themes of social interaction correlated positively with SES (r=.17). Results are interpreted in terms of cultural differences between the two ethnic groups, particularly in light of the collectivist/individualist culture dichotomy.

scholarly journals Are value priorities related to dispositional optimism and resilience? A correlational study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Sagone ◽  
Maria Elvira De Caroli
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Value Priorities ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Orientation Test

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between value priorities and two dispositional dimensions, optimism and resilience, in a sample of 307 healthy Sicilian adolescents (145 boys and 162 girls) aged from 14 to 18 years. We used the Portrait Values Questionnaire (Schwartz, 1992), the Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile (De Caroli & Sagone, 2014), and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (Scheier & Carver, 1992). Results indicate that the value priorities of self-enhancement and openness to change are positively related to optimism; self-transcendence is positively related to all dimensions of resilience; conservation is positively related to adaptability, control, and engagement; the value priorities of self-enhancement and openness to change are positively related to sense of humor, competence, and adaptability. Additionally, boys perceive themselves as more optimist, humoristic, competent, and adapted than girls, while girls are more engaged than boys; furthermore, boys judge as mainly important the values of self-enhancement and openness to change, while girls judge as mostly important the self-transcendence. Future researches will deep the relationships among these three constructs in young adults and the elderly. Keywords: resilience; value orientations; optimism; adolescence.

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