scholarly journals Influence of Varying Doses and Duration of Dietary Nitrates from Beetroot Juice on Sprint Performance in U.S. Army ROTC Cadets: A pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000192
Author(s):  
Michael Melton ◽  
Jayanthi Kandiah
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Dietary Compliance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rotc Cadets ◽  
Reserve Officer Training Corps ◽  
Army Rotc

Objective: Assess the effects of varying levels and duration of dietary nitrate supplementationfrom beetroot juice (BR) on sprint performance in army ROTC cadets. Methods: Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets were randomly assigned to oneof three treatment groups: control (CON); low beetroot juice dose (BR1); and high BR juice –BR2. For 0, 6 and 15 days nitrate consumption from BR groups were as follows: CON receivedone 16.9 oz. bottle of apple juice (0 mg NO 3 -); BR1 received one can of BR juice (300 mg, 4.84mmol NO 3 -), and BR2 received 2 cans (16.8 oz.) BR (600 mg, 9.68 mmol NO 3 -). One week priorto the study, each cadet completed body composition measurements, predicted aerobic capacitymeasurements, and nutritional analysis via two 24-hour dietary recalls. Differences in primarymeasures (distance covered in the Yo-Yo IR1) were analyzed with two-way repeated measuresANOVA tests both between groups (CON, BR1, BR2) and within groups (0, 6, and day 15).Descriptive statistics and frequency counts were run on all remaining variables with a one-wayANOVA or t-test, including maximal heart rate during the YoYo IR1, dietary compliance, dailyblood pressure, juice compliance, and conditioning work-outs Results: A dose-related enhancement with BR was observed; the data trended towardssignificance even in this small sample. A t-test revealed that there was a significant difference insprint performance by males and females overall at days 0, 6, 15 (p = 0.025, p = 0.005, p =0.004, respectively). Conclusion: A single (300 mg, 4.84 mmol NO 3 ) or double (600 mg, 9.68 mmol NO 3 -) daily doseconsumption of BR appears to benefit ROTC cadets in athletic performance. Daily consumptionof BR benefitted ROTC males more than females. Results suggest BR supplementation could beadvantageous for sprint performance when administered for a longer duration (> 15 days).

scholarly journals The Importance of Post-Activation Potentiation (PAP) Training on Physical Fitness Preparation for Malaysian Female Hockey Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.7) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Kassim Mohar ◽  
Rahman Fariq
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hockey Players

A vast amount of research has been performed illustrating that the execution of certain conditioning activities at maximal or near-maximal intensities can acutely enhance subsequent athletic performance with given sufficient recovery. This phenomenon is known as post-activation potentiation (PAP) and its use within the field of strength and conditioning has grown rapidly as performance enhancing effects have been demonstrated within athletic movements such as jumping and sprinting. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of PAP training on sprint performance and power production among Malaysian female hockey player. Methods: A total of 18 well-trained athletes (age 25 ± 3.7; mass 54 ± 4.9; height 160.8 ± 2.8; relative strength half-squat 1.9 ± 0.3; relative strength hex-bar deadlift 1.7 ± 0.5; relative strength hang clean 0.8 ± 0.1) were tested for 20 meter sprint time and counter-movement jump (CMJ) test during the preparation phase. This study used two different groups such as experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) and each player were randomly assigned. Both groups were completed training in twice per week for a period of eight week training program. The EG performed a total of 16 session by having 2 different training blocks. Each block has a period practice of training for 4 weeks and each block also has different types of exercise. Meanwhile, CG completed 16 session based on coach training program and did not practice at the same time with the EG. The study intervention program including pre-test and post-test activities were conducted before and after the study. Result: A data analysis of paired t-test and independent t-test was used and the level of significance in all statistical analyses was set at p ≤ 0.05. The result showed that 8-weeks of EG displayed significantly improved in sprint performance (p ≤ 0.005) and power production (p ≤ 0.005). Moreover, result also revealed a significant difference between EG and CG in sprint performance (p ≤ 0.000) and power production (p ≤ 0.008). Conclusion: In short, the result emphasized the contribution of kinetic and kinematic parameters for sprint and power performance. The EG result seem significant for athletic performance. Therefore, this findings is of great practical interest for coaches and fitness trainers and relevant to female hockey players and consequently maybe used in training program.  

scholarly journals Effects of the Amount of Dietary Nitrates Consumption on Endurance Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Vera WAH ◽  
Sarah KOH ◽  
Denise NG ◽  
Grace WANG ◽  
Steven QUEK
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The current study examined the effects of dietary nitrates consumption on endurance performance of recreational athletes in Singapore. The consumption of dietary nitrates has been shown to reduce whole body oxygen cost of submaximal exercise and enhance tolerance to high intensity exercise. Beetroot, which is concentrated in dietary nitrates, is a popular natural food that has been associated with enhancement of endurance performance. Majority of studies on the effects of beetroot consumption on endurance performance have been carried out using 500ml of beetroot juice. To make the juice more palatable, and hence encourage consumption by the young athletes, this study used 250ml of beetroot juice, mixed with 250ml of apple and orange juice. 23 subjects (10 males and 13 females aged between 12 and 24) were recruited for the study. Subjects performed the Multi-stage Fitness Test (MST) on two separate days after consuming 500ml of Apple and Orange (AO, Control Group) juice or Apple, Beetroot and Orange (ABO, Experimental Group) juice. The VO2 max obtained from both tests were compared using a Paired Sample t-test. Paired Sampled t-test (t = -0.08, p < 0.05) showed that there was no significant difference between the VO2 max of the experiment group and the VO2 max of the control group. Results of the present study suggests that 250ml of beetroot juice combined with 250ml of apple and orange juice did not result in significant differences in endurance performance. 本文旨在探討膳食補充硝酸鹽如何影響新加坡休閒運動員的耐力運動表現。過去研究顯示在日常飲食內攝取膳食硝酸鹽， 可以降低亞極量運動的氧價，並增強對激烈運動的耐受力。由於甜菜根高含硝酸鹽，眾人深信食用甜菜根是能提升耐力運動的 表現。多數研究在實驗內利用500毫升的甜菜根汁來探測它對耐力表現。為了鼓勵年輕運動員飲用甜菜根汁，本研究混合了250 毫升的甜菜汁及250毫升的蘋果和橙汁。23名12歲至24歲的休閒運動員(10名男性與13名女性)參與本研究。實驗在分別兩天喝 了500毫升蘋果與橙汁(控制組)或500毫升蘋果，橙與紅甜菜根汁(實驗組)之後，進行了多階段體能測試(Multi-stage Fitness Test 短稱 MST)。實驗採用相似樣本T鑒定法比較從這兩次MST測試到的最大攝氧量。相似樣本T鑒定(t=-0.08, p<0.05)顯 示控制組與實驗組的VO2 max之間沒有顯著的差異。因此，本研究顯示250毫升甜菜根加入250毫升蘋果和橙混合汁對耐力運動 表現沒有顯著的影響。本文旨在探討膳食補充硝酸鹽如何影響新加坡休閒運動員的耐力運動表現。過去研究顯示在日常飲食內攝取膳食硝酸鹽， 可以降低亞極量運動的氧價，並增強對激烈運動的耐受力。由於甜菜根高含硝酸鹽，眾人深信食用甜菜根是能提升耐力運動的 表現。多數研究在實驗內利用500毫升的甜菜根汁來探測它對耐力表現。為了鼓勵年輕運動員飲用甜菜根汁，本研究混合了250 毫升的甜菜汁及250毫升的蘋果和橙汁。23名12歲至24歲的休閒運動員(10名男性與13名女性)參與本研究。實驗在分別兩天喝 了500毫升蘋果與橙汁(控制組）或500毫升蘋果，橙與紅甜菜根汁(實驗組)之後，進行了多階段體能測試(Multi-stage Fitness Test 短稱 MST)。實驗採用相似樣本T鑒定法比較從這兩次MST測試到的最大攝氧量相似樣本T鑒定(t=-0.08, p<0.05)顯示控制組與實驗組的VO2 max之間沒有顯著的差異。因此，本研究顯示250毫升甜菜根加入250毫升蘋果和橙混合汁對耐力運動表現沒有顯著的影響。  

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Using Big Book Media on Early Reading Skills in 5-6 Years Old

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Winda Oktaviana ◽  
Jhoni Warmansyah ◽  
Winda Trimelia Utami
Keyword(s):  
Reading Skills ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Early Reading ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
T Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Reading Skills ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose – This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using Big Book media on early reading skills in children aged 5-6 years old.Design/methods/approach – This study used a quantitative approach which was carried out in an experimental method with a pre-post-test design. The sampling technique uses a simple random technique with 30 children. Data collection technique is by means of tests. The analysis technique for testing the hypothesis uses the difference test (t-test).Findings – The results showed that children in the experimental group who used Big Book media had a higher average score when compared to children in the control group who used magazine media. Based on the t-test calculation, findings indicate that there was a significant difference between the two groups. Thus, it can be concluded that the Big Book media is effective on early reading skills in children aged 5-6 years old.Research implications/limitations – This study was limited to one location, Mutiara Al-Madani Kindergarten, Jambi Indonesia, and with a small sample size, so the generalizability of the findings was also limited. It is necessary for future researchers to conduct studies with a wider scope and a more diverse population.Practical implications – The use of Big Book media can be an alternative learning media that can attract children's interests and can actively involve children in gaining rich literacy experiences in improving early reading skills.Originality/value – This study contributes to understanding of teacher's reference material in using learning media for early reading skills in children aged 5-6 years old. Paper type Research paper

scholarly journals Correlation of serum magnesium levels in eclampsia with pritchard and single dose magnesium sulphate regimen

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3732
Author(s):  
Shreya M. S. ◽  
Nayana D. H.
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Dose Regimen ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Magnesium sulphate is anticonvulsant of choice for eclampsia. Single dose magnesium sulphate therapy was tried for the management of Eclampsia and Imminent Eclampsia considering the low body mass index of Indian population.Methods: A prospective interventional study comprising of total 80 patients having either eclampsia or imminent eclampsia, to whom the Pritchard or a single dose MgSO4 was given alternatively in a tertiary hospital   from October 2014 to October 2017. Serum magnesium levels, maternal and perinatal outcome and recurrence of convulsions were evaluated using Student- t test and chi square test.Results: Mean Serum Magnesium levels in eclampsia and imminent eclampsia group at 0 min, 30 min, 4 hours in Pritchard regimen were 1.96mg/dl, 5.85mg/dl, 4.68mg/dl while in single dose regimen it was 1.78mg/dl, 462mg/dl, 3.63mg/dl respectively. Those who received Pritchard regimen showed higher level of Serum magnesium levels at 30 minutes and 4 hours than those receiving single dose. By applying T-test it was found that there is a significant difference in serum magnesium levels range in both group but no statistical difference in the control of convulsions in both groups.Conclusions: With increased and almost widespread use of magnesium sulfate in obstetrics there has been concerns regarding its safety. In the study, although P-values are not significant because of small sample size, there is considerable difference in serum magnesium levels 30 min and 4 hours, recurrence of convulsions and maternal morbidity between Pritchard regimen and single dose regimen. The goal which was achieved with Pritchard regimen previously, now can be achieved with single dose regimen in Indian women. Single dose magnesium sulphate is safe and effective in controlling convulsions with improved maternal and perinatal outcome.

scholarly journals Effect of Echium Amoenum on the Anxiety of College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Somayeh Soltani Nejad ◽  
◽  
Maryam Zeighami ◽  
Ashraf Beirami ◽  
Ahmadali Amirifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Echium Amoenum

Objective: Humans always have faced with the phenomenon of anxiety and have tried to find solutions to overcome this problem by various methods. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of echium amoenum on the anxiety of college students. Methods: This is a clinical trial study. Participants were 40 nursing students in Kerman, Iran who were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). The data collection tools were a demographic form and Cattle’s anxiety questionnaire. First, the baseline assessment was conducted in both groups. Then, the intervention group received 1 g echium amoenum powder in 250cc boiling water daily. After a month, both groups were assessed again. Data analysis was performed in SPSS v.20 software using descriptive and inferential statistics (mean, standard deviation, chi-square test, paired t-test, independent t-test, Mann-Witney U test). Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference between the two groups. After consumption of echium amoenum, the overall anxiety score decreased from 40.4±6.31 to 38.65±3.39 in the intervention group and increased from 39.7±9.29 to 41.75±9.91 in the control group; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Echium amoenum could reduce anxiety in the students, but its effect was not significant maybe due to the short duration of its use or small sample size. Hence, further studies with a larger sample size are recommended.

Effect of beetroot juice supplementation on 10-km performance in recreational runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talitha Fernandes de Castro ◽  
Francisco de Assis Manoel ◽  
Diogo Hilgemberg Figueiredo ◽  
Diego Hilgemberg Figueiredo ◽  
Fabiana Andrade Machado
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recreational Runners

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation on 10-km running performance in recreational runners. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover-designed study, 14 male recreational runners (age, 27.8 ± 3.4 years) performed three 10-km running tests, at baseline and under the conditions of BRJ supplementation and placebo (PLA). Supplementation was administered for 3 days, and on the days of the assessments, the ingestion occurred 2 h before the test and consisted of a dose of 420 mL of BRJ in natura (8.4 mmol inorganic nitrate (NO3−)·day−1) or PLA with depleted NO3− (0.01 mmol NO3−·day−1). The mean velocity (MV) was calculated, and the following variables were determined: maximal heart rate, maximal rating of perceived exertion, blood glucose concentration (analyzed before and after the test), and lactate peak. There was no main effect between conditions regarding 10-km running time performance (BRJ: 50.1 ± 5.3 min; PLA: 51.0 ± 5.1 min; P = 0.391) and total MV (BRJ: 12.1 ± 1.3 km·h−1; PLA: 11.9 ± 1.2 km·h−1; P = 0.321) or in the other analyzed variables. The time to complete the first half of the test (5 km) was statistically lower in the BRJ group than in the PLA group (P = 0.027). In conclusion, chronic supplementation with BRJ increased MV in the first half of the test and improved the final test times of 10 of the 14 runners, although we did not find a statistically significant difference in the performance of the 10-km run.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

SENSITIVITAS ETIS MAHASISWA ATAS PENGGELAPAN PAJAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Nurma Risa
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Management Students

This study aims to prove that there is a difference of perception about ethics on tax evasion in UNISMA Bekasi students, based on selected study program and gender. The sample of this research is the students who have fulfilled the subject of taxation, at the Faculty of Economics (FE) and Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP). Using independent t-test, the results showed that there was no significant difference of perception about tax evasion ethics between FE and FISIP students. But significant differences the perception of tax evasion ethics occur between accounting and management students at FE. Significant differences also did not occur between male and female students

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

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