scholarly journals Examining the correlates and antecedents of subjective binge eating episodes in female undergraduates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly E. Atwood
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Binge eating is a core diagnostic feature of several eating disorders; however, controversy exists regarding the extent to which the size of an eating episode is important in the definition of a binge. The present study examined the relationship between subjective binge eating episodes (SBEs: experiencing loss of control while eating relatively small amounts of food) and eating disorder pathology, general pathology, and eating disorder-specific and general cognitive distortions in female undergraduate students (N=116) via self-report measures. In addition, negative affect and stress were examined as proximal antecedents of SBEs using naturalistic prospective monitoring. Findings indicated SBEs are associated with broad markers of eating disorder pathology and aspects of general pathology, and that eating disorder-specific cognitive distortions mediate the relationship between dietary restraint and SBE frequency. In addition, higher levels of negative affect were found to precede SBEs; however, stress was not identified as a statistically significant proximal antecedent. Findings are interpreted in light of methodological limitations, and clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Beliefs about Binge Eating: Psychometric Properties of the Eating Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ-18) in Eating Disorder, Obese, and Community Samples

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Burton ◽  
Deborah Mitchison ◽  
Phillipa Hay ◽  
Brooke Donnelly ◽  
Christopher Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs

Binge eating is a core diagnostic feature of bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa binge/purge type, and is a common feature of “other specified” and “unspecified” feeding and eating disorders. It has been suggested that specific metacognitive beliefs about food, eating, and binge eating may play a key role in the maintenance of binge eating behaviour. The Eating Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ-18) provides a brief self-report assessment tool measuring three types of metacognitive beliefs: negative, positive, and permissive beliefs about food and eating. This study aimed to build on past research by validating the factor structure and psychometric properties of the EBQ-18 using both a clinical and non-clinical sample. A sample of 688 participants (n = 498 non-clinical participants, n = 161 participants seeking treatment for an eating disorder, and n = 29 participants seeking treatment for obesity) completed a battery of questionnaires, including the EBQ-18 and other measures of eating disorder symptoms and relevant constructs. A subset of 100 non-clinical participants completed the test battery again after an interval of two-weeks, and 38 clinical participants completed the EBQ-18 before and after receiving psychological treatment for their eating disorder. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted and psychometric properties of this measure were assessed. The results of this study provide support for the three-factor model of the EBQ-18. In addition, the EBQ-18 was found to be a valid and reliable measure, with excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability in the non-clinical sample, and also demonstrated evidence of sensitivity to treatment in clinical samples with binge eating pathology. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to identify optimal cut-off scores for the EBQ-18. This study provides valuable information about the utility of the EBQ-18 as a measure for use in both clinical and research settings.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

Problematic eating behaviors in patients undergoing bariatric surgery: Studying their relationship with psychopathology

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532098688
Author(s):  
Marta de Lourdes ◽  
Ana Pinto-Bastos ◽  
Paulo PP Machado ◽  
Eva Conceição
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Bariatric Patients ◽  
Problematic Eating ◽  
Problematic Eating Behaviors

This study explored the associations between individuals presenting different problematic eating behaviors (Objective/Subjective binge-eating—OBE/SBE—and Compulsive/Non-compulsive grazing—C_Grazing/NC_Grazing) and eating disorder related symptoms. About 163 pre- and 131 post-bariatric patients were assessed. Assessment included: Face-to-face clinical interview to assess binge-eating and grazing episodes, and self-report measures to assess eating disorder symptomatology, psychological distress, and negative urgency. OBE and NC_Grazing were the problematic eating behaviors most and least associated with psychopathology, respectively. OBE and C_Grazing uniquely accounted for the significant variance in the most disordered eating variables. Our findings emphasize the need for the conceptualization of grazing behavior in the spectrum of disordered eating.

Tendency to Conform: A New Measure and its Relationship to Psychological Reactance

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Goldsmith ◽  
Ronald A. Clark ◽  
Barbara A. Lafferty
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Relationship

This study assessed the relationship between two important constructs in social psychology, conformity and psychological reactance, which are suggested to be negatively related, i.e., a person higher in the tendency to conform will score lower on psychological reactance and vice versa. The two constructs were measured by multi-item self-report scales, the Therapeutic Reactance Scale of Dowd, et al. and a new tendency to conform scale constructed for this study. Data from a survey of 423 undergraduate students were used to test the hypothesis that scores on the scales were negatively correlated. The hypothesized relationship was positively supported by a significant but only moderately sized correlation ( r = -.32, p < .001).

scholarly journals Ultra-processed foods and binge eating: A retrospective observational study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Ayton ◽  
Ali Ibrahim ◽  
James Dugan ◽  
Eimar Galvin ◽  
Oliver Wroe-Wright
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEThere is increasing evidence of the impact of ultra-processed foods on multiple metabolic and neurobiological pathways, including those involved in eating behaviours, both in animals and in humans. In this pilot study, we aimed to explore ultra-processed foods and their link with disordered eating in a clinical sample. METHODSThis was a single site, retrospective observational study in a specialist eating disorder service using self report on the electronic health records. Patients with a DSM-5 diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge eating disorder (BED) were randomly selected from the service database in Oxford from 2017 to 2019. The recently introduced NOVA classification was used to determine the degree of industrial food processing in each patient’s diet. Frequencies of ultra-processed foods were analysed for each diagnosis, at each mealtime and during episodes of bingeing.RESULTS71 female and 3 male patients were included in the study. 22 had AN, 25 BN and 26 had BED. Patients with AN reported consuming 55% NOVA-4 foods, as opposed to approximately 70% in BN and BED. Binge foods were 100% ultra-processed.DISCUSSIONFurther research into the metabolic and neurobiological effects of reducing ultra-processed food intake on bingeing behaviour is needed.

Examining Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Emotional Adjustment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Fay Ling
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Eastern Cultures ◽  
High Standards ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Acculturation

Perfectionists are people who set excessively high standards for their own performance, adhere to these standards rigidly, and define their self ­worth in terms of achieving these standards. Research has shown that perfectionism is linked with emotional and psychological maladjustment. This study is aimed at examining potential differences in perfectionism and emotional adjustment across two ethnic groups: Caucasian and Asian. Previous literature has shown that Eastern cultures are more self ­criticizing than Western cultures, thus we may expect to see differences in perfectionism across these two cultures. Also, researchers have found that individuals from Eastern cultures may manifest depression in physical symptoms (e.g., headaches) while individuals from Western cultures may express depression in more emotional symptoms (eg, sadness). Thus, differences in how Asians and Caucasians express their emotional maladjustment will be examined. Finally, acculturation may be an important factor because perfectionism in a Western context may have more adverse consequences than in an Eastern context. Method:Asian and Caucasian undergraduate students completed self ­report measures of perfectionism, emotional adjustment, and acculturation. Expected results: First, we expect that Asians will score higher than Caucasians on perfectionism measures. Secondly, there will be a positive correlation between perfectionism and poor emotional adjustment. Thirdly, emotional adjustment will be expressed more physically in Asians and more emotionally in Caucasians. Finally, within the Asian group, level of acculturation will moderate the relationship between perfectionism and emotional maladjustment. Discussion: These results will be discussed in terms of how perfectionism is conceptualized, assessed, and treated.

scholarly journals Sleep Quality and Self-Control: The Mediating Roles of Positive and Negative Affects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinru Liu ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Conghui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Negative Affects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Affects

This study examined the mediating roles of both positive and negative affects in the relationship between sleep quality and self-control. A sample of 1,507 Chinese adults (37% men; mean age = 32.5 years) completed self-report questionnaires measuring sleep quality, positive and negative emotions, and self-control. Poor sleep quality was positively correlated with negative affect and negatively correlated with positive affect and self-control. Positive affect was positively correlated with self-control, while negative affect was negatively correlated with self-control. Both positive and negative affects significantly mediated the relationship between sleep quality and self-control. Improving individuals’ sleep qualities may lead to more positive emotions and less negative emotion, and these mood changes may increase resources for self-control. Regulating positive and negative affects may reduce the negative effects of poor sleep quality on self-control.

scholarly journals A-041 Everyone is Worse than Average: Base Rates of ADHD Impairments Among College Students.

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-831
Author(s):  
Johnson E ◽  
Suhr J
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Base Rates ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Abstract Objective Individuals presenting with concerns of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) report non-specific symptoms and may seek academic or disability accommodations. However, simply having a diagnosis is not equivalent to having a disability that justifies accommodations. The legal definition of disability is poorly understood by clinicians. Guidance for determining the need for accommodations promotes self-report as the primary source of information in decision making and suggests using “most people in the general population” as a reference point when making decisions. Unfortunately, this benchmark is not well defined, and the population base rates of functional impairments commonly reported in ADHD evaluations have not been established. The present study sought to evaluate the base rates of commonly self-reported impairments among non-treatment seeking college students. Method Undergraduate students (N = 282; 72.3% female; 90.1% Caucasian) completed an online inventory of 32 education-related functional impairments commonly reported during ADHD evaluations. Students indicated how frequently they experienced symptoms on a 6-point scale (Never to Very Often). Results College students reported education impairments at a startlingly high rate. Of the 32 impairments, 22 were endorsed as “often” or higher by over 25% of students, and 30 were endorsed as “sometimes” or higher by over 25% of students. Conclusions Results suggest that functional impairments reported in ADHD evaluations that may be used in accommodation decision making are very common among college students. Common impairments included difficulty focusing or concentrating, needing to study more than others, and difficulty sitting in class. Results shed light on the need for clearer guidelines for determining accommodations.

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