Tendency to Conform: A New Measure and its Relationship to Psychological Reactance

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Goldsmith ◽  
Ronald A. Clark ◽  
Barbara A. Lafferty
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Relationship

This study assessed the relationship between two important constructs in social psychology, conformity and psychological reactance, which are suggested to be negatively related, i.e., a person higher in the tendency to conform will score lower on psychological reactance and vice versa. The two constructs were measured by multi-item self-report scales, the Therapeutic Reactance Scale of Dowd, et al. and a new tendency to conform scale constructed for this study. Data from a survey of 423 undergraduate students were used to test the hypothesis that scores on the scales were negatively correlated. The hypothesized relationship was positively supported by a significant but only moderately sized correlation ( r = -.32, p < .001).

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

Examining Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Emotional Adjustment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Fay Ling
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Eastern Cultures ◽  
High Standards ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Acculturation

Perfectionists are people who set excessively high standards for their own performance, adhere to these standards rigidly, and define their self ­worth in terms of achieving these standards. Research has shown that perfectionism is linked with emotional and psychological maladjustment. This study is aimed at examining potential differences in perfectionism and emotional adjustment across two ethnic groups: Caucasian and Asian. Previous literature has shown that Eastern cultures are more self ­criticizing than Western cultures, thus we may expect to see differences in perfectionism across these two cultures. Also, researchers have found that individuals from Eastern cultures may manifest depression in physical symptoms (e.g., headaches) while individuals from Western cultures may express depression in more emotional symptoms (eg, sadness). Thus, differences in how Asians and Caucasians express their emotional maladjustment will be examined. Finally, acculturation may be an important factor because perfectionism in a Western context may have more adverse consequences than in an Eastern context. Method:Asian and Caucasian undergraduate students completed self ­report measures of perfectionism, emotional adjustment, and acculturation. Expected results: First, we expect that Asians will score higher than Caucasians on perfectionism measures. Secondly, there will be a positive correlation between perfectionism and poor emotional adjustment. Thirdly, emotional adjustment will be expressed more physically in Asians and more emotionally in Caucasians. Finally, within the Asian group, level of acculturation will moderate the relationship between perfectionism and emotional maladjustment. Discussion: These results will be discussed in terms of how perfectionism is conceptualized, assessed, and treated.

scholarly journals Perceived Discrimination and Motivation to Pursue Higher Education in Ethiopian-Origin Students: The Moderating Role of Ethnic Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ortal Slobodin ◽  
Tamar Icekson ◽  
Lee Herman ◽  
Ofri Vaknin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Career Motivation ◽  
Personal Career ◽  
The Relationship

Research has increasingly recognized the adverse effects of perceived discrimination on the academic outcomes of children and adolescents from ethnic and racial minority backgrounds. However, little is known about the association between perceived discrimination and the motivation of ethnic minority students to pursue higher education. Guided by an academic resilience framework, the current study examined the relationship between perceived discrimination and two types of motivation to pursue higher education (personal/career-driven and expectation-driven) among Ethiopian undergraduate students in Israel. In addition, we examined the role of ethnic identity as a potential moderator of this relationship. Participants were 183 undergraduate students of Ethiopian origin (77% females) who studied in 18 different higher-education institutes. Participants completed self-report questionnaires concerning their experiences of perceived discrimination, affiliation with their Ethiopian identity, and their reasons for pursuing higher education. Results showed that frequent discrimination experiences were positively related to a stronger ethnic identity and to higher levels of personal/career motivation to pursue higher education. Ethnic identity moderated the relationship between perceived discrimination and personal/career motivation so that the association was significant under low and moderate levels of ethnic identity but not under high levels. Our findings suggest that the awareness of discrimination may motivate students to pursue higher education and succeed in academia. However, the motivating force of perceived discrimination diminishes under high levels of ethnic identification. Further investigation is needed to explore how discrimination and ethnic identity work together to impact academic motivation in different developmental stages and socio-cultural contexts.

Self-Disclosure and Two Kinds of Trust

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Macdonald ◽  
Vicki S. Kessel ◽  
James B. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Prisoners Dilemma ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trust Scale

63 (37 male and 26 female) undergraduate students were Ss in a study of the relationship between two kinds of trust and self-disclosure. As predicted, self-disclosure (Jourard scale) was related to trust as measured with the Prisoners' Dilemma Game, but not to Interpersonal trust, as measured with Rotter's scale. No relationship was found between the Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale and the Prisoner's Dilemma. In line with previous findings: (a) the Rotter Scale correlated with a self-report trust scale, and (b) the Prisoners' Dilemma with authoritarianism (F scale).

The Safety Bias: Risk-Avoidance and Social Anxiety Pathology

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn N. Lorian ◽  
Jessica R. Grisham
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Risk Avoidance ◽  
Bias Risk ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground:The pervasive tendency to avoid perceived risks has been recently implicated in the maintenance of anxiety pathology, and more specifically, social phobia. Social anxiety symptoms are thus hypothesised to be associated with a global risk-avoidant decision-making bias.Aim:This study investigated: (1) the relationship between risk-avoidance and social anxiety symptoms using both self-report and behavioural measures of risk-taking; and (2) whether risk-avoidance mediates the relationship between a dispositional vulnerability to anxiety (Behavioural Inhibition System [BIS] sensitivity) and social anxiety symptoms.Method:Fifty-five undergraduate students completed self-report measures assessing for social anxiety symptoms, risk-taking across various domains, and BIS sensitivity. Risk-avoidance was also assessed using a behavioural computer task.Results:As hypothesised, risk-avoidance correlated significantly with both social anxiety and BIS. Multiple regression analyses revealed that risk-avoidance served as a partial mediator between BIS and social anxiety.Conclusion:These results confirm the hypothesised relationship between BIS, risk-avoidance, and social anxiety symptoms. Risk-avoidance is one possible mechanism by which personality characteristics may be linked to anxiety pathology.

The role of emotion perception ability in motivation to lead

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukumarakurup Krishnakumar ◽  
Kay Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Motivation To Lead ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of emotion perception ability through two different paradigms (self-report and ability-based) on an individual's motivation to lead, an individual's desire to assume leadership roles. Design/methodology/approach – The authors have used a survey method in this study. The authors collected data from 172 undergraduate students. Findings – The findings indicate that emotion perception ability was significantly related to MTL. The authors also found that emotion perception ability was more substantially related to the non-calculative dimension of MTL than others. Originality/value – To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to show the relationship of emotion perception ability to motivation to lead. Organizations can use the finding to screen and train future leaders using an ability-based test of emotion perception similar to one the authors have presented.

scholarly journals Examining the correlates and antecedents of subjective binge eating episodes in female undergraduates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly E. Atwood
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Binge eating is a core diagnostic feature of several eating disorders; however, controversy exists regarding the extent to which the size of an eating episode is important in the definition of a binge. The present study examined the relationship between subjective binge eating episodes (SBEs: experiencing loss of control while eating relatively small amounts of food) and eating disorder pathology, general pathology, and eating disorder-specific and general cognitive distortions in female undergraduate students (N=116) via self-report measures. In addition, negative affect and stress were examined as proximal antecedents of SBEs using naturalistic prospective monitoring. Findings indicated SBEs are associated with broad markers of eating disorder pathology and aspects of general pathology, and that eating disorder-specific cognitive distortions mediate the relationship between dietary restraint and SBE frequency. In addition, higher levels of negative affect were found to precede SBEs; however, stress was not identified as a statistically significant proximal antecedent. Findings are interpreted in light of methodological limitations, and clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Emotional Intelligence of Lecturers and its Impact on Teaching Effectiveness at Public Universities of Peshawar

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 415-427
Author(s):  
Shazia Kanwal ◽  
Mohammad Sohail ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Inamullah
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Teaching Effectiveness ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
The Relationship

The objectives of the article were to highlight the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and teaching effectiveness of lecturers at public universities of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The researcher adopted a quantitative research design to examine the relationship between the variables under study. The population of the study was lecturers working at public universities of Peshawar. A multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample of the study. Data was gathered using the Self Report Measure of Emotional Intelligence and Teaching Effectiveness Scale. The validity of the instrument was determined through experts opinion while reliability was established using Cronbach Alpha. Data were analyzed applying Pearson Product Correlation using SPSS 20 version. The findings of the study revealed significant relationship between all the facets of emotional intelligence and teaching effectiveness. On the basis of findings it is recommended that higher educational institutions must focus on significance of EI for effective performance and for such purpose emphasise enhancing and promoting their EI skills.

Cognitive Failures and the Role of Emotion in Dimensional Schizotypy: A Replication and Extension

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emmanuel E. Alvarez ◽  
Sherry D. Pujji ◽  
Thomas J. Dinzeo
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Failures ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Negative Trait ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Momentary State

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Cognitive failures are commonplace within the general population but may be particularly heightened in those with higher levels of schizotypy. This is especially salient in the context of enduring trait and momentary state negative emotion which often contributes to increases in daily impairments, leading to a more debilitating and distracted life. Particularly, individuals with elevated levels of schizotypy may be more likely to experience cognitive failures, especially in the presence of negative trait emotion such as depression, anxiety, and stress. However, little is known about the influence of state emotion and the distinct roles that state and trait emotion may have with cognitive failures and schizotypy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> To replicate and extend previous findings, 306 (58% males) undergraduate students aged 18–50 years (M = 19.343; SD = 2.493) completed self-report measures of cognitive failures, trait and state emotion, and schizotypy. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed in SPSS to examine the potential effects of trait and state emotion on the relationship between schizotypy and cognitive failures. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Consistent with previous findings, mood symptomology, in addition to negative affect, mediated cognitive failures in those with higher levels of schizotypy. However, in our sample, positive affect did not appear to buffer against cognitive failures. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The findings of the present study suggest there may be a nuanced relationship between both negative trait and state emotions on the relationships between cognitive failures and schizotypy. Understanding the interaction of enduring versus momentary emotion on cognition as they relate to an elevated risk for developing schizophrenia-spectrum phenomena may be a point for earlier and more targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Gratitude and Life Satisfaction: Mediating Role of Perceived Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Yildirim ◽  
Zainab Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Western Country ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
The Relationship

The relationships between gratitude, satisfaction with life, and stress have been widely examined in different cultures. However, empirical research on these variables is scant in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediation effect of stress in the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction in an understudied population of Arabic student sample. Participants were 141 Arabic-speaking undergraduate students (18 males and 123 females; mean age = 23.8 years, SD = 4.23) and completed self-report measures of gratitude, satisfaction with life, and stress. As expected, regression analysis showed that gratitude positively predicted satisfaction with life, while stress negatively predicted satisfaction with life. Mediation analysis showed that stress fully mediate the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction. Higher levels of gratitude positively predicted higher levels of satisfaction with life though the decreased stress. The emerging results have important implications to research and practice regarding understanding the mechanism underlying gratitude, satisfaction with life, and stress in the context of a non-western country.

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