scholarly journals An Investigation Into The Fouling Phenomena Of Polycarbonate Membranes Used In The Treatment Of Latex Paint Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruston Bedasie
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Cake Layer ◽  
Polycarbonate Membranes

The treatment of latex paint wastewater with ultrafiltration allows for the reuse of the filtrate as process water or for cleaning purposes, as well as the potential for reclamation of the valuable paint solids. In this study, the utilization of polycarbonate membranes for the ultrafiltration of dilute latex dispersions was evaluated. Hydrophilic, flat sheet ultrafiltration membranes with a mean pore size of 0.1 μm were used. All filtration experiments were conducted under constant pressure operation, in a circular, centre-fed, cross-flow filtration cell. The effect of feed flow rate was investigated, and the steady-state permeate flux achieved showed an increase of 294% between 1.0 and 3.0 L/min. Increasing the operating pressure also resulted in an increased permeate flux, with a 320% increase from 1.5 to 5.5 psi. Also considered was the effect of the feed solid concentration on the permeate flux. When compared to the clean water flux (0% solids) of 5.5×10- Surfactant-enhanced ultrafiltration was also studied, with concentrations ranging from 25% to 200% of the literature values of the surfactant's critical micelle concentration (CMC) in pure water. The addition of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), reduced the effectiveness of the filtration. However, the addition of a cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), increased the permeate flux of the latex dispersion up to 130% when twice its CMC was used, with evidence of a reduction in the effect of fouling of the membranes. This may be due to repelling interactions between the surface of the membrane and the surface of the formed micelles, as well as a reduced cake resistance due to the larger particle size of the constituents forming a less dense cake layer.

scholarly journals An Investigation Into The Fouling Phenomena Of Polycarbonate Membranes Used In The Treatment Of Latex Paint Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruston Bedasie
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Cake Layer ◽  
Polycarbonate Membranes

The treatment of latex paint wastewater with ultrafiltration allows for the reuse of the filtrate as process water or for cleaning purposes, as well as the potential for reclamation of the valuable paint solids. In this study, the utilization of polycarbonate membranes for the ultrafiltration of dilute latex dispersions was evaluated. Hydrophilic, flat sheet ultrafiltration membranes with a mean pore size of 0.1 μm were used. All filtration experiments were conducted under constant pressure operation, in a circular, centre-fed, cross-flow filtration cell. The effect of feed flow rate was investigated, and the steady-state permeate flux achieved showed an increase of 294% between 1.0 and 3.0 L/min. Increasing the operating pressure also resulted in an increased permeate flux, with a 320% increase from 1.5 to 5.5 psi. Also considered was the effect of the feed solid concentration on the permeate flux. When compared to the clean water flux (0% solids) of 5.5×10- Surfactant-enhanced ultrafiltration was also studied, with concentrations ranging from 25% to 200% of the literature values of the surfactant's critical micelle concentration (CMC) in pure water. The addition of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), reduced the effectiveness of the filtration. However, the addition of a cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), increased the permeate flux of the latex dispersion up to 130% when twice its CMC was used, with evidence of a reduction in the effect of fouling of the membranes. This may be due to repelling interactions between the surface of the membrane and the surface of the formed micelles, as well as a reduced cake resistance due to the larger particle size of the constituents forming a less dense cake layer.

scholarly journals Development of Red Clay Ultrafiltration Membranes for Oil-Water Separation

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Saad A. Aljlil
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Carbon Membrane ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Oil Water

In this study, a red clay/nano-activated carbon membrane was investigated for the removal of oil from industrial wastewater. The sintering temperature was minimized using CaF2 powder as a binder. The fabricated membrane was characterized by its mechanical properties, average pore size, and hydrophilicity. A contact angle of 67.3° and membrane spore size of 95.46 nm were obtained. The prepared membrane was tested by a cross-flow filtration process using an oil-water emulsion, and showed a promising permeate flux and oil rejection results. During the separation of oil from water, the flux increased from 191.38 to 284.99 L/m2 on increasing the applied pressure from 3 to 6 bar. In addition, high water permeability was obtained for the fabricated membrane at low operating pressure. However, the membrane flux decreased from 490.28 to 367.32 L/m2·h due to oil deposition on the membrane surface; regardless, the maximum oil rejection was 99.96% at an oil concentration of 80 NTU and a pressure of 5 bar. The fabricated membrane was negatively charged, as were the oil droplets, thereby facilitating membrane purification through backwashing. The obtained ceramic membrane functioned well as a hydrophilic membrane and showed potential for use in oil wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Microfiltration with periodic gas backwashing as an alternative technique for increasing permeate flux

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Tijana Urosevic ◽  
Dragan Povrenovic ◽  
Predrag Vukosavljevic ◽  
Ivan Urosevic
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Flow Filtration

In this paper, the influence of operating parameters (transmembrane pressure, temperature, the flow rate of retentate) on the cross - flow microfiltration of synthetic fruit juice and periodic backwashing with air was examined. In the experiments, the Kerasep W5 ceramic membrane with a separation limit of 0.2 ?m was used. The results of experiments in which different transmembrane pressures were used showed that stationary fluxes, at stationary conditions, after 60 minutes, have similar values. So, it can be concluded that the value of the driving force is irrelevant at steady state conditions. However, until the steady state conditions are established, a positive effect of the increase in the driving force is opposed to the negative effect of the increased polarization resistance, as a result of the driving force increase. Thus, the optimal transmembrane pressure was determined amounting to 2 bars. The optimum temperature of the process of clearing the fruit juices by microfiltration is reported as 55?C. Higher temperatures are not used due to a degrading effect on the chemical composition of the juice and a long microfiltration process. With an increase in the temperature of retentate from 22?C to 55?C, the permeate flux increased up to 60%. Increasing the flow rate of retentate reduces the thickness of the formed layer on the surface of the membrane. Due to limitations of the experimental setup and the large surface area of the membrane, the specific velocity of the retentate was low, so that the effects of cross-flow filtration were absent. The use of cross-flow filtration is one of the main requirements for increasing permeate flux, but in the present case it was in overall insufficient, so we have applied periodic air backwashing for improving fruit juice flux during membrane clarification. With this technique, the deposited layer on the membrane is lifted and the permeate flux is maintained at high levels preventing establishment of the steady state in the low flux zone. The time spent for the periodic backwashing was low as compared to the benefits of the increase in the collected permeate quantity. In all experiments with periodic backwashing with air, the collected permeate quantity is higher for up to 72.5 % as compared to experiments without backwashing. By increasing the backwashing duration, the flux increase is up to 5 %, which can be significant for microfiltration at industrial scale. Therefore, this technique is certainly recommended for microfiltration in the production of fruit juices.

scholarly journals Treatment of Synthetic Produced Water using Hybrid Membrane Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chin ◽  
S. O. Lai ◽  
K. C. Chong ◽  
S. S. Lee ◽  
C. H. Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Pes Membrane

The study was concerned with the treatment of tank dewatering produced water using hybrid microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes. The pre-treatment MF membrane was fabricated with polyethersulfone (PES), n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The UF membranes meanwhile contained additional component, i.e., titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in the range of zero to 1.0 wt.%. The membrane performances were analysed with respect to permeate flux, oil removal and flux recovery ratio. An increase in TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the pore formation, porosity and pure water permeability due to improved hydrophilicity. The permeate flux of UF membranes increased with the increase of TiO2 nanoparticles and pressure. The oil removal rate by MF process was only 52.35%, whereas the oil rejection efficiency was between 82.34% and 95.71% for UF process. It should be highlighted that the overall oil removal rate could achieve as high as 97.96%. Based on the results, the PES membrane incorporated with 1.0 wt.% TiO2 was proved to be the most promising membrane at a transmembrane pressure of 3 bar. Although 1.0 M NaOH solution could be used as cleaning agent to recover membrane water flux, it is not capable of achieving good results as only 52.18% recovery rate was obtained.

scholarly journals Effect of Permeate Drag Force on the Development of a Biofouling Layer in a Pressure-Driven Membrane Separation System

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (23) ◽  
pp. 7338-7347 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eshed ◽  
S. Yaron ◽  
C. G. Dosoretz
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT The effect of permeate flux on the development of a biofouling layer on cross-flow separation membranes was studied by using a bench-scale system consisting of two replicate 100-molecular-weight-cutoff tubular ultrafiltration membrane modules, one that allowed flow of permeate and one that did not (control). The system was inoculated with Pseudomonas putida S-12 tagged with a red fluorescent protein and was operated using a laminar flow regimen under sterile conditions with a constant feed of diluted (1:75) Luria-Bertani medium. Biofilm development was studied by using field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy and was subsequently quantified by image analysis, as well as by determining live counts and by permeate flux monitoring. Biofilm development was highly enhanced in the presence of permeate flow, which resulted in the buildup of complex three-dimensional structures on the membrane. Bacterial transport toward the membrane by permeate drag was found to be a mechanism by which cross-flow filtration contributes to the buildup of a biofouling layer that was more dominant than transport of nutrients. Cellular viability was found to be not essential for transport and adhesion under cross-flow conditions, since the permeate drag overcame the effect of bacterial motility.

scholarly journals Flux enhancement by air dispersion in cross-flow microfiltration of a colloidal system through spiral wound module

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-469
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Suspension ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Flux Enhancement ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Air Dispersion ◽  
Cake Layer ◽  
Layer Resistance ◽  
Spiral Wound

Enhancement of the permeate flux due to reduction of cake layer resistance by air-liquid twophase flow in a cross flow spiral wound microfiltration membrane has been investigated. Experiments were carried out with two different suspension systems, namely baker’s yeast suspension with a dry mass concentration of 5.4 kg m-3 and the colloidal suspension of starch and bacteria having a dry mass concentration of 3.41 kg m-3. An air-liquid two-phase flow was generated by injecting the air at the inlet of the membrane module and was fed into a horizontally mounted assembly of a spiral wound microfiltration membrane. The effect of air dispersion was studied on flux enhancement, specific cake layer resistance and loading of cake mass on the membrane surface. This study shows that by air dispersion, the permeate flux can be enhanced up to 60 percent for the colloidal suspension of starch and bacteria while a flux enhancement of 40 percent was achieved for yeast suspension. The specific cake layer resistance reduced by a factor of 10 for both of the suspensions when air was injected into the feed stream. The results of this study depict that the technique of air dispersion is effective in increasing the permeate flux for the suspension systems containing below and above micron sized particulates.

Study of antifouling modified ultrafiltration membrane based on the secondary treated water of urban sewage

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2074-2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-rong Meng ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xu-dong Wang ◽  
Dan-xi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Cake Layer ◽  
Modified Membrane ◽  
Section Structure

Mixtures of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing hydrophilic ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by adding PVA (5 to 30%) to PVDF by the phase inversion method. The hydrophilic contact angle (CA), equilibrium water content, pure water flux and bovine serum albumin retention were studied to assess the membrane performance. The anti-fouling performance of modified membrane to the secondary treated water was evaluated by flux decline, washing recovery rate and fouling resistance analysis. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the cross-section structure of the membranes had finger-like pores, which were well developed and uniformly distributed, and the sub-layer structure was looser and more porous with the increasing content of PVA. The CA gradually decreased. The steady flux was 800 L/m2 h from P15 to P30, and the BSA retention sharply declined. The ultrafiltration tests for secondary treated water indicated that the main fouling source of the modified membrane was the concentration polarization and cake layer resistance. After physical flushing, the flux recovery ratio of the membrane could reach 100% when the PVA content was 5–15%, which shows excellent anti-pollution performance and good prospects for use in processing wastewater from urban sewage.

Preparation and Characterization of Ultrafiltration TiO2 Nanoparticles-Polysulfone Membranes

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2635-2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Florentina Enache ◽  
George Alexandru Popa ◽  
Eugeniu Vasile ◽  
Anca Razvan ◽  
Ovidiu Oprea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Tio2 Anatase ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Large Water ◽  
Flow Filtration ◽  
Polysulfone Membranes

This paper presents the preparation route for new TiO2 nanoparticles-polysulfone membranes: M1 (Psf 12%), M2 (Psf 12% + TiO2 anatase), and M3 (Psf 12% + TiO2 76% anatase+ 24% rutile) that were structurally characterized by FTIR, TG-DSC and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX). Contact angle measurements, dead-end and cross-flow filtration experiments were carried out to characterize the morphology and hydrodynamic performance of the prepared membranes. Improved mechanical properties, enhanced hydrophilicity and the relative large water flux measured for M2-M3 (721.83 L/m2�h and 305.4 L/m2�h, respectively) in cross-flow filtration experiments, make these membranes appropriate for ultrafiltration applications.

Modeling of the permeate flux decline during MF and UF cross-flow filtration of soy sauce lees

2008 ◽  
Vol 322 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Furukawa ◽  
Kenichi Kokubo ◽  
Kazuho Nakamura ◽  
Kanji Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Cross Flow ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Flow Filtration

Numerical Simulation of Filtration of Charged Oil Particles in Stationary and Rotating Tubular Membranes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Jahangiri Mamouri ◽  
Volodymyr V. Tarabara ◽  
André Bénard
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Solid Cylinder ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Flow Filtration

Cross flow filtration (CFF) is a common membrane separation process with applications in food, biochemical and petroleum industries. In particular, membranes can be used for liquid-liquid separation processes such as needed in oil-water separation. A major challenge in cross flow filtration is membrane fouling. It can decrease significantly the permeate flux and a membrane’s efficiency. Membrane fouling can be mitigated by inducing shear on the membrane’s surface and this can be enhanced by inducing a swirl in the flow. In addition, a possible approach to improve membrane efficiency consists of repelling droplets/particles from the porous surface toward the centerline using a repulsive electric force. For this purpose, the surface of the membrane can be exposed to electric potential and droplets/particles are also induced to have the same electric charge. In this work, numerical simulations of charged non-deformable droplets moving within an axially rotating charged tubular membrane are performed. The results show that by increasing the electric potential on the membrane surface, the repelling force increases which obviously improves the grade efficiency of the membrane. However, the electric field gradients found in the flow field require large potentials on the membrane surface to observe a noticeable effect. Hence, a smaller solid cylinder is located in the centerline of the flow channel with zero potential. This solid cylinder enhances the electric field gradient in the domain which results in higher repelling forces and larger grade efficiency of the membrane at small potentials. The addition of a small cylinder in the flow field also improves the grade efficiency increases due to the higher shear stress near the membrane surface.

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