scholarly journals Multi-Period Transportation Equilibrium Approach For Transportation Planning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Equilibrium Models ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Equilibrium Approach ◽  
Energy Equilibrium

Previous studies in transportation equilibrium have focused on models in which travel demands were functions of travel time in the current time period. Most of these models are single-period models, neglecting the time lag effect. However, the time lag effect can be a very important factor, especially in long-term transportation planning. In this thesis the geometric distributed lag (GDL) structure used in energy equilibrium models is applied to the multi-period transportation equilibrium models.

scholarly journals Multi-Period Transportation Equilibrium Approach For Transportation Planning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Equilibrium Models ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Equilibrium Approach ◽  
Energy Equilibrium

Previous studies in transportation equilibrium have focused on models in which travel demands were functions of travel time in the current time period. Most of these models are single-period models, neglecting the time lag effect. However, the time lag effect can be a very important factor, especially in long-term transportation planning. In this thesis the geometric distributed lag (GDL) structure used in energy equilibrium models is applied to the multi-period transportation equilibrium models.

A Lag Effect of IT Investment on Firm Performance

2011 ◽  
pp. 246-273
Author(s):  
Sangho Lee ◽  
Soung Hie Kim
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
It Investment ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
Information Intensity ◽  
High Information

This chapter discusses the positive effects of IT investment on firm financial performance when a distinct range of characteristics is examined. The relationship between IT investment and firm performance considering the information intensity of the industry is explored using a distributed lag model. Findings indicate both a positive effect and a positive lag effect of IT investment. The effects of IT investment in the high information-intensive industry are significantly larger than in the low information-intensive industry. Furthermore, a lagged effect of IT investment is larger than an immediate effect, regardless of the information intensity of the industry. We conclude that firms in the high information-intensive industry need to be more cognizant of performance factors when investing in IT investment than in the low information-intensive industry. Moreover, it is necessary to consider the time lag between IT investment and firm performance.

The Time-lag Effect of R&D Investment on the Value of Listed Companies in China: A Cross-industry Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
Hongming Xie ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
Yingnan Yang ◽  
Wenshi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Corporate Value ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Internet Companies

Innovation plays an increasingly important role in economic growth, and R&D investment has become a key component of innovation initiatives. In this study, we performed analyses of 58 listed automobile manufacturers and 52 listed Internet companies in China. The empirical analysis is carried out by using STATA15.0 to preliminarily explore the mechanism of the time-lag effect of R&D investment on the value of these companies over the years of time-lag as well as conduct comparison analyses across industries. The results show that R&D investment has a positive effect on corporate value and this effect has a long-term time-lag effect. The mechanism of time-lag effect of R&D investment on the corporate value over the lag years has significant differences across industries. The time-lag effect of R&D investment on the value of the listed automobile manufacturer presents an inverted U shape, while the time-lag effect of R&D investment on the value of the listed Internet companies decreases gradually. The study helps local government better understand the different mechanisms of the time-lag effect of R&D investment on the value of the listed companies and also serves as a reference for local government to make decisions on subsidies and other supportive policies for innovation initiatives of the listed companies.

scholarly journals Relationships among Energy Price Shocks, Stock Market, and the Macroeconomy: Evidence from China

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Gang Cong ◽  
Shaochuan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Stock Market Index ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Market Index ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
The Interest Rate

This paper investigates the interactive relationships among China energy price shocks, stock market, and the macroeconomy using multivariate vector autoregression. The results indicate that there is a long cointegration among them. A 1% rise in the energy price index can depress the stock market index by 0.54% and the industrial value-adding growth by 0.037%. Energy price shocks also cause inflation and have a 5-month lag effect on stock market, which may result in the stock market “underreacting.” The energy price can explain stock market fluctuations better than the interest rate over a longer time period. Consequently, investors should pay greater attention to the long-term effect of energy on the stock market.

Development of a Multi-period Output Model for Considering Time Lag Effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshuang Zhang ◽  
Byung Ho Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Dea Models ◽  
Output Factors

Existing data envelopment analysis (DEA) models have focused on evaluating the relative efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) based on multiple input and output factors for the same period. However, a certain kind of lead time is sometimes required to produce outputs using inputs in an organization. R&D evaluation is a typical area with this kind of time lag. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop a new DEA model to deal with time lag effect in performance evaluation. The suggested model defines the efficiency measure of a DMU by using outputs of multiple periods in different view with existing multi-period input (MpI) model. Three varieties of the suggested model are presented by adding three kinds of constraints based on the different types of time lag effect. A case example using a real data set is given to demonstrate the usage or implications of the suggested models. In the experimental section, the results of the suggested models are compared with the results of CCR and the MpI model using the data set of the 21st Century Frontier R&D program which is a long-term national R&D program of Korea.

scholarly journals Associations between floods and bacillary dysentery cases in main urban areas of Chongqing, China, 2005–2016: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ma ◽  
Tong Wen ◽  
Dianguo Xing ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Bacillary Dysentery ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Trend

Abstract Background Understanding the association between floods and bacillary dysentery (BD) incidence is necessary for us to assess the health risk of extreme weather events. This study aims at exploring the association between floods and daily bacillary dysentery cases in main urban areas of Chongqing between 2005 and 2016 as well as evaluating the attributable risk from floods. Methods The association between floods and daily bacillary dysentery cases was evaluated by using distributed lag non-linear model, controlling for meteorological factors, long-term trend, seasonality, and day of week. The fraction and number of bacillary dysentery cases attributable to floods was calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the association across age, gender, and occupation. Results After controlling the impact of temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, long-term trend, and seasonality, a significant lag effect of floods on bacillary dysentery cases was found at 0-day, 3-day, and 4-day lag, and the cumulative relative risk (CRR) over a 7-lag day period was 1.393 (95%CI 1.216–1.596). Male had higher risk than female. People under 5 years old and people aged 15–64 years old had significantly higher risk. Students, workers, and children had significantly higher risk. During the study period, based on 7-lag days, the attributable fraction of bacillary dysentery cases due to floods was 1.10% and the attributable number was 497 persons. Conclusions This study confirms that floods can increase the risk of bacillary dysentery incidence in main urban areas of Chongqing within an accurate time scale, the risk of bacillary dysentery caused by floods is still serious. The key population includes male, people under 5 years old, students, workers, and children. Considering the lag effect of floods on bacillary dysentery, the government and public health emergency departments should advance to the emergency health response in order to minimize the potential risk of floods on public.

Stability and Change in Emotional Intelligence: Exploring the Transition to Young Adulthood

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D.A. Parker ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske ◽  
Laura M. Wood ◽  
Jennifer M. Eastabrook ◽  
Robyn N. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Transition From High School

Abstract. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has attracted growing interest from researchers working in various fields. The present study examined the long-term stability (32 months) of EI-related abilities over the course of a major life transition (the transition from high school to university). During the first week of full-time study, a large group of undergraduates completed the EQ-i:Short; 32 months later a random subset of these students (N = 238), who had started their postsecondary education within 24 months of graduating from high school, completed the measures for a second time. The study found EI scores to be relatively stable over the 32-month time period. EI scores were also found to be significantly higher at Time 2; the overall pattern of change in EI-levels was more than can be attributed to the increased age of the participants.

Using distributed lag models to predict regional budget revenues

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1172
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Granitsa
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Distributed Lag Models ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Financial Result

Subject. The article addresses projections of regional budget revenues, using distributed lag models. Objectives. The purpose is to review economic and statistical tools that are suitable for the analysis of relationship between the revenues of the regional budget system and regional macroeconomic predictors. Methods. The study draws on statistical, constructive, economic and mathematical methods of analysis. Results. In models with quantitative variables obtained under the Almon method, the significant predictors in the forecasting of regional budget revenues are determined mainly by the balanced financial result, the consumer price index, which characterizes inflation processes in the region, and the unemployment rate being the key indicator of the labor market. Models with quantitative variables obtained through the Koyck transformation are characterized by a wider range of predictors, the composition of which is determined by the peculiarities of economic situation in regions. The two-year forecast provides the average lag obtained during the evaluation of the models. The exception is the impact of unemployment rate, which is characterized as long-term. Conclusions. To generate forecasts of budget parameters, the results of both the Koyck method and the Almon method should be considered, though the former is more promising.

scholarly journals Sociolinguistic Markers of Friendship Among Persons With Dementia in Long-Term Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 575-575
Author(s):  
Pamela Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Pronominal Reference ◽  
Field Notes

Abstract Sociolinguistics and discourse analysis provide tools through which to examine how friendship is socially constructed through language and communication. Research on social isolation and loneliness reveals the importance of social interaction on the psychological and physical health of older adults. Given that linguistic, communicative, and functional abilities decline as dementia progresses, it is challenging to identify markers of friendship. The Friendship Project is an ethnographic study of social interaction among persons with dementia living in a long-term care setting. The data are from transcripts and field-notes of social interactions among residents with a range of cognitive impairments over a six-month time period. Results reveal that persons with dementia employ specific linguistic features such as narrative, evaluation, evidentials, and pronominal reference to make meaning and create relationships over time. Practical implications will be discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis and Forecasts of the Demand for Imported Wine in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 193896552098107
Author(s):  
Anyu Liu ◽  
Haiyan Song
Keyword(s):  
Single Equation ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Sparkling Wine ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Models ◽  
Wine Market ◽  
Wine Demand

The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term determinants of China’s imported wine demand and to forecast wine imports from 2019 to 2023 using econometric methods. Auto-regressive distributed lag models are developed based on neoclassical economic demand theory to investigate the long-term determinants of China’s demand for imported bottled, bulk, and sparkling wine from the top five countries of origin. The empirical results demonstrate that income is the most important determinant of China’s imported wine demand, and that price only plays a significant role in a few markets. Substitute and complement effects are identified between wines from different countries of origin and between imported wines and other liquids. China’s imported wine demand is expected to maintain its rapid growth over the forecast period. Bottled wine will continue to dominate China’s imported wine market. France will have the largest market share in the bottled wine market, Spain will be the largest provider of bulk wine, and Italy will hold the same position for sparkling wine. This is the first study to use a single equation with the general to specific method rather than a system of equations to estimate and forecast China’s demand for imported bottled, bulk, and sparkling wines from different countries of origin. The more specific model setting for each country of origin improves forecasting accuracy.

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