Novel all-cellulose composite displaying aligned cellulose nanofibers reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
WASHINGTON LUIZ ESTEVES MAGALHÃES ◽  
XIAODONG CAO ◽  
MAGALY ALEXANDRA RAMIRES ◽  
LUCIAN A. LUCIA
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Amorphous Cellulose ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Nanocomposite Fibers

Aligned cellulose nanocrystals/cellulose coelectrospun nanofibers were successfully prepared by using a home-built coelectrospinning and collection system. Cellulose I was dissolved in N-methyl morpholine oxide at 120°C and diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide, which was used in the external concentric capillary needle as the sheath (shell) solution. A cellulose nanocrystal suspension obtained by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of cotton fibers was used as the core liquid in the internal concentric capillary needle after transferring from water to dimethyl sulfoxide. The resultant coelectrospun nanocomposite films were collected onto a rotating wire drum and were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile measurements. The FE-SEM image showed that the cellulose nanocrystals did not appear to cluster in the film formed. Although the crystallinity index of nanocomposite fibers was lower than the unreinforced cellulose electrospun fibers, the cellulose type II reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals had a much higher tensile stress (about 140 MPa), almost twofold that of pure cellulose. This latter result indicated that the alignment and adhesion of amorphous cellulose nanofibers played a crucial role on the mechanical properties of electrospun cellulosic fiber mats.

scholarly journals Preparation of magnetic iron Oxide coated on the surface of Cellulose nanocrystals by in-situ coprecipitation process

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
An Nang Vu ◽  
Hien Van Nguyen ◽  
Uyen Thai Ngọc Nguyen ◽  
Nhan Chi Ha Thuc ◽  
Hieu Van Le
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Environmental Treatment

This study reported a single-step method for the fabrication of magnetic cellulose nanocrystals (MGCNCs) by coprecipitation iron oxide nanoparticle onto cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were derived by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis (HCl 6 M, 25 mL/g cellulose) in the optimum condition at 90 °C for 90 min. Pure cellulose was isolated from Nypa fruticans branches, a popular tree in Vietnam. The structure and morphology of CNCs were characterized by crystallinity index, morphology and thermal stability. TEM images showed that the average fiber length of the nanocrystals was 410 nm with a diameter of 10 nm (aspect ratio of 41) and the crystallinity index of 85.2 % (by XRD). The as-prepared MGCNCs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD), thermal gravity analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results showed that the magnetic cellulose nanocrystals absorbed about 51 % w/w on CNCs surfaces with magnetic properties and the saturation magnetization of about 24 emu/g. Possessing the biocompatibility as well as paramagnetism, the magnetic cellulose nanocrystals were promising materials for environmental treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of biological origin on the tensile properties of cellulose nanopapers

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katri S. Kontturi ◽  
Koon-Yang Lee ◽  
Mitchell P. Jones ◽  
William W. Sampson ◽  
Alexander Bismarck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fiber Mats

Abstract Cellulose nanopapers provide diverse, strong and lightweight templates prepared entirely from sustainable raw materials, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Yet the strength of CNFs has not been fully capitalized in the resulting nanopapers and the relative influence of CNF strength, their bonding, and biological origin to nanopaper strength are unknown. Here, we show that basic principles from paper physics can be applied to CNF nanopapers to illuminate those relationships. Importantly, it appeared that ~ 200 MPa was the theoretical maximum for nanopapers with random fibril orientation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the contrast in tensile strength for nanopapers prepared from bacterial cellulose (BC) and wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Endemic amorphous polysaccharides (hemicelluloses) in NFC act as matrix in NFC nanopapers, strengthening the bonding between CNFs just like it improves the bonding between CNFs in the primary cell wall of plants. The conclusions apply to all composites containing non-woven fiber mats as reinforcement. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Recycling Waste Cotton Cloths for the Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Sustainable Approach

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Mohamed ◽  
Md. Sohrab Hossain ◽  
Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim ◽  
Mardiana Idayu Ahmad ◽  
Fatehah Mohd Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Alkaline Pulping ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose

There is an interest in the sustainable utilization of waste cotton cloths because of their enormous volume of generation and high cellulose content. Waste cotton cloths generated are disposed of in a landfill, which causes environmental pollution and leads to the waste of useful resources. In the present study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from waste cotton cloths collected from a landfill. The waste cotton cloths collected from the landfill were sterilized and cleaned using supercritical CO2 (scCO2) technology. The cellulose was extracted from scCO2-treated waste cotton cloths using alkaline pulping and bleaching processes. Subsequently, the CNCs were isolated using the H2SO4 hydrolysis of cellulose. The isolated CNCs were analyzed to determine the morphological, chemical, thermal, and physical properties with various analytical methods, including attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the isolated CNCs had a needle-like structure with a length and diameter of 10–30 and 2–6 nm, respectively, and an aspect ratio of 5–15, respectively. Additionally, the isolated CNCs had a high crystallinity index with a good thermal stability. The findings of the present study revealed the potential of recycling waste cotton cloths to produce a value-added product.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Xyloglucan onto Thin Films of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Amorphous Cellulose: Film Thickness Effects

ACS Omega ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 14004-14012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Kittle ◽  
Chen Qian ◽  
Emma Edgar ◽  
Maren Roman ◽  
Alan R. Esker
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Cellulose Film ◽  
Amorphous Cellulose

scholarly journals Cellulose nanocrystals from grape pomace and their use for the development of starch-based nanocomposite films

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 1048-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Corrêa de Souza Coelho ◽  
Raysa Brandão Soares Silva ◽  
Carlos Wanderlei Piler Carvalho ◽  
André Linhares Rossi ◽  
José António Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Nanocomposite Films

scholarly journals Biocomposites from Rice Straw Nanofibers: Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Alcántara ◽  
Israel González ◽  
M. Mercè Pareta ◽  
Fabiola Vilaseca
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The Matrix

Agricultural residues are major potential resources for biomass and for material production. In this work, rice straw residues were used to isolate cellulose nanofibers of different degree of oxidation. Firstly, bleached rice fibers were produced from the rice straw residues following chemical extraction and bleaching processes. Oxidation of rice fibers mediated by radical 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) at pH 10 was then applied to extract rice cellulose nanofibers, with diameters of 3–11 nm from morphological analysis. The strengthening capacity of rice nanofibers was tested by casting nanocomposite films with poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer. The same formulations with eucalyptus nanofibers were produced as comparison. Their thermal and mechanical performance was evaluated using thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing. The glass transition of nanocomposites was shifted to higher temperatures with respect to the pure polymer by the addition of rice cellulose nanofibers. Rice nanofibers also acted as a nucleating agent for the polymer matrix. More flexible eucalyptus nanofibers did not show these two phenomena on the matrix. Instead, both types of nanofibers gave similar stiffening (as Young’s modulus) to the matrix reinforced up to 5 wt.%. The ultimate tensile strength of nanocomposite films revealed significant enhancing capacity for rice nanofibers, although this effect was somehow higher for eucalyptus nanofibers.

Preparation of lignin containing cellulose nanofibers and its application in PVA nanocomposite films

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 1259-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyan Yang ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Shuyi Guan ◽  
Yan Dou ◽  
Xiaofeng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Nanocomposite Films
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document