scholarly journals IMPACTS OF SARS-COV-2 ON BRAZILIAN AGRIBUSINESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadson Belem de Moura ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Small Producer ◽  
Great Possibility ◽  
Final Consumer ◽  
Recession Period

The pandemic caused by the Sars-Cov-2 virus has impacted several sectors of the world's economy including agribusiness. In Brazil, the quarantine decreed by political leaders in order to contain the spread of Covid-19 mainly affected the productive sectors of the medium and small producer, which ended up reflecting directly on the price of food of the final consumer. Sectors such as transportation, distribution and agro-industry should also present a deficit because they are productive activities with agglomerations of people who have had their work regimes changed. However, the extensive production sector benefited from the rising dollar and increased demand for food and exports from China, and this demand may extend in the medium and long term. There is a great possibility that agribusiness will be the sector with the largest surplus in the Brazilian economy in the coming years and be responsible for balancing the trade balance in the post-recession period.

Institutions, Politics, and Developmental Divergence

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-92
Author(s):  
Richard F. Doner ◽  
Gregory W Noble ◽  
John Ravenhill
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Industrial Performance ◽  
Developmental Divergence ◽  
Intensive Growth ◽  
Cross National

Variation in automotive industrial performance across seven East Asian countries reflects differences in firm competencies, but those differences are largely cross-national: common national environments are central influences on firms’ incentives to develop competencies. Factors emphasized in neoclassical accounts, such as market size, macroeconomic policy, and openness to foreign investment, are weak predictors of cross-national variation. Extensive development requires measures that facilitate capital mobilization and allocation, such as sector-specific FDI incentives and specialized infrastructure. Successful intensive growth cases are distinguished by effective sectoral institutes for collective training, testing, and research. Three sets of pressures push political leaders to pursue the long-term development of institutions: claims on resources (security threats and domestic pressures for welfare improvement) in the absence of easily accessible resources to satisfy such needs. These arguments are consistent with but go well beyond other prominent approaches to development: national innovation systems, global value chains, and developmental states.

scholarly journals Assessing the Opportunities and Challenges of Green Finance in Italy: An Analysis of the Biomass Production Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Falcone ◽  
Edgardo Sica
Keyword(s):  
Government Policies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Financial Issues

The present paper provides empirical evidence of the opportunities and challenges surrounding green finance (GF), looking at the financial issues that might prevent the investment decisions of green companies. To this end, we explore the case of Italian biomass producers by means of a discourse analysis supported by a survey administered to a pool of experts. Although our findings suggest that GF provides an opportunity for achieving environmentally sustainable innovation pathways, experts recognize that it does not actually prevent biomass producers from facing institutional and financial criticalities in funding their investment projects. Such criticalities include: uncertainty about government policies, the minimal involvement of financial suppliers in the biomass sector, the short-term orientation of financial instruments and the limited knowledge of financing options and technical expertise within companies. The results indicate that effective policy interventions should ensure that objectives are orientated towards the long term with the aim of reducing the risks perceived by financial institutions in funding biomass producers.

Foreign Demand, Investment And Trade Balance: The Case Of Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Francois Hoarau ◽  
Alain Nurbel ◽  
Nelson Latchimy
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Foreign Demand ◽  
J Curve ◽  
The World ◽  
Curve Effect ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper aims at analysing the relation between real trade balance and foreign demand in the case of a small opened economy, which highly depends upon the rest of the world for productive capital. Theoretical analysis allows us to bring forth a kind of “J-curve” effect. Indeed, when foreign demand for domestic goods increases, the country is to import in a first time in order to improve its productive capacities, resulting in worsening trade balance. However, in a second time, once the cumulated capital inventory became sufficient, the trade balance improves under the pressure of domestic exports high growth. The empirical analysis based on Australia from 1982 (1) to 2001 (1) supports this theory. We show there are negative short term and positive long term elasticities.

Self-Interest and the Distant Vulnerable

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Glanville
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Prompt Action ◽  
Do So

What interests do states have in assisting and protecting vulnerable populations beyond their borders? While some political leaders and commentators promote a circumscribed understanding of the national interest that rules out accepting substantial risks and costs for the sake of the distant vulnerable, others endorse an “enlightened” conception of the national interest that recognizes the long-term utility to be gained by helping them. However, while this notion of “enlightened” self-interest gives states reason to act in some instances, it fails to prompt action in other cases where the suffering of strangers is less strategically important. Some leaders and commentators have responded to this problem by reaching for some other, less material conception of the national interest to justify assisting the distant vulnerable, but they have often struggled to find the language they need. This article finds a solution in the debates about self-interest waged in seventeenth-century Europe. Dissatisfied both with Hobbes's narrow understanding of self-interest and Pufendorf's more “enlightened” understanding, Leibniz defended a more generous and “disinterested” conception, grounded not in considerations of material utility but in the pleasure to be derived from helping those in need. This article demonstrates two ways in which this “disinterested” conception of self-interest can be of use today. First, it provides resources for explaining why states already sometimes act in “disinterested” and altruistic ways. Second, it provides leaders with a tool for persuading people to help the distant vulnerable, even when it appears to be in neither their narrow nor their “enlightened” interests to do so.

Strategies of Modernisation: The Market and the State

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dunford ◽  
D Perrons
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Local Embeddedness ◽  
National Economies

The strength of regional and national economies continues to depend critically on the success of manufacturing activities. Manufacturing therefore matters. With the increasing globalisation of economic activities, however, regional economies will also depend to an increasing extent on investments that are international in character, control, and ownership. Industrial modernisation and an optimal long-term allocation of resources require a series of state-led initiatives in the spheres of innovation and new technologies. There is, however, a contradiction between the internationalisation of production and the national character of economic regulation. The appropriate scale for industrial intervention is increasingly supranational. It is at this scale that capital is organised and where there is in any case a need for countervailing political power. At the same time there is evidence of a greater local embeddedness of successful productive activities. In these circumstances the development of local potential assumes increased importance. Attention is therefore paid to the respective roles of market and nonmarket modes of coordination of skill and infrastructure provision. In each of these areas, private and market provision are inadequate. Increases in regional resource endowments and the development of an advanced industrial and social infrastructure require organisation, collective action, and active interventionist regional and supranational states.

scholarly journals Investing Cash Transfers to Raise Long-Term Living Standards

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Gertler ◽  
Sebastian W Martinez ◽  
Marta Rubio-Codina
Keyword(s):  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Randomized Experiment ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Productive Assets

Using data from a randomized experiment, we find that poor rural Mexican households invested part of their cash transfers from the Oportunidades program in productive assets, increasing agricultural income by almost 10 percent after 18 months of benefits. We estimate that for each peso transferred, households consume 74 cents and invest the rest, permanently increasing long-term consumption by about 1.6 cents. Results suggest that cash transfers can achieve long-term increases in consumption through investment in productive activities, thereby permitting beneficiary households to attain higher living standards that are sustained even after transitioning off the program. (JEL D14, H23, I38, O12)

Enter the dragon: China's courtship of Hong Kong, 1982–1999

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Baum
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Reaction ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Core Group ◽  
Take Back ◽  
British Colony ◽  
One Country Two Systems

From 1982, when the Chinese government first signalled its intention to take back Hong Kong, to the actual transfer of sovereignty in 1997, the PRC engaged in a long-term campaign to “win friends and influence people” in the British colony. Hoping to prevent a large-scale flight of capital and manpower, and wishing to cultivate a core group of sympathetic local notables as future political leaders, Beijing issued frequent pledges of non-interference in Hong Kong's affairs and adopted classic “united front” tactics — flattering, cajoling, and otherwise wooing potential supporters while snubbing (and sometimes smearing) outspoken critics. Despite intensely negative local reaction to the 1989 “Tiananmen Massacre”, over the long haul Beijing largely succeeded in disarming public fears of a heavyhanded Chinese takeover. Consequently, the handover itself was an extremely calm, tranquil affair. And in the first 2 years of Hong Kong's new status as a “Special Administrative Region” of China, the PRC earned generally high marks for honoring its pledge to uphold the principle of “one country, two systems”.

Implications of the Global Financial Crisis on Korea's Trade

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangyeon Hwang ◽  
Hyejoon Im
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

In this paper, we examine the channels through which the current global crisis affects Korea's trade and assess the implications thereof. These five important channels under investigation are: (1) world demand, (2) domestic demand, (3) exchange rate, (4) credit markets, and (5) protectionism. We conclude that the world demand channel is the most important factor for the recovery of Korea's exports. We expect that depreciation followed by the crisis should generate only small positive effects on a trade balance in the short run. However, depreciation can erode the long-term competitiveness of domestic firms because it can deteriorate not only firms' balance sheets but also banks' balance sheets.

scholarly journals Convergence of City Relational Network, Production Sector Structure, and Regional Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zunguo Hu ◽  
Jujing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Gravity Flows ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Asymmetric Flows ◽  
Regional Economic Performance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relational Network

There is a strong correlation between government intervention and urban production structure in China. Particularly, the outputs of the cities partly come from the economic rent of city relational network (CRN), which is a unique regional policy and administrative hierarchy. In order to analyze the gravity flows of CRN under the nonmarket mechanism, we attempt to build a new gravity model that adopts the production sector. The new gravity produces relational data with direction, which makes it possible to use social network analysis (SNA) and overcome the endogeneity of the linear model. The empirical results show that (1) modified new gravity model can effectively capture the distribution of CRN gravity flows and the convergence of regional development in China, (2) the CRN, which especially stems from the government financial intervention, increases the share of nontradable sectors in cities, and (3) adjustment of the production sector leads to the difference of CRN gravity flows, so asymmetric flows distribution leads to the heterogeneity of regional economic performance. Cities with higher share of nontradables have relatively slower productivity growth in long-term.

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIABEL MAKRO EKONOMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Feby Kinanda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomic variables including the open unemployment rate, trade balance, inflation rate and the rupiah exchange rate against the dollar on Indonesian economic growth by using the ECM error correction model approach to see the long-term and short-term relationships that influence macro variables on economic growth. , in the long term the open unemployment rate variable, the trade balance, the inflation rate have a negative effect while the exchange rate has a positive effect, while in the short term the open unemployment rate, the inflation rate and the exchange rate have a negative effect while the trade balance has a positive effect.   Keywords: Economic Growth, Open Unemployment Rate, Trade Balance, Inflation, Exchange Rate

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