scholarly journals A Gender-Sex System that afrocentralizes the Issue of a Traditional Female identity. The Case in Nawal El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero and Nuruddin Farah’s From a Crooked Rib

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Abib SÈNE
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Female Identity ◽  
After Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nuruddin Farah ◽  
Traditional Societies

This paper aims at spotlighting the process of dehumanization women are victim of in many African traditional societies. From Cairo to Mogadiscio, women are all by themselves and go through the after-effects of the social and sexual brutalities they are daily subjected to. Nawal El Saadawi and Nuruddin Farah, in Woman at Point Zero and From a Crooked Rib, have brought on surface the stark stratification organized in age-old societies to the detriment of women. Thus being, the paper analyses the physical mutilation, the sexual exploitation women suffer from both in Egypt and Somalia and the whacks they take to liberate themselves from the enslaving social cages in which they are confined. Its findings contribute in showing up the mute but decisive changes that operate among the female gentry in religions-oriented countries in Africa. It underlines as well the de-phallocratization of traditional systems that stiffen women’s strong aspirations to freedom.  

Storie di violenza in infanzia e adolescenza e prostituzione in etŕ adulta: quali legami?

2009 ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Emanuela Confalonieri ◽  
Cristina Giuliani ◽  
Alessandra Bongiana ◽  
Paola Pavesi
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Sexual Revictimization ◽  
East Europe ◽  
The Social ◽  
Forced Prostitution ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

- The present study, related to the one published some years ago (Confalonieri et al., 2004), is an investigation on forced prostitution and the related violence's types in immigrant women involved in streetwalking prostitution. Using the social records available by the Ufficio Stranieri (Comune di Milano), the purpose is to identify the presence of 1) childhood maltreatments or violence before the entry in sex exploitation market and 2) subsequent adult sexual revictimization from partners, pimps and clients. Data were analysed using phenomenological descriptive analysis. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and abuse and subsequent involvement in sex work is discussed comparing data and life histories of immigrant prostitutes coming from Nigeria and East Europe. The role played by social and contexual variables in sexual exploitation story are also considered.Key words: immigration, violence, prostitution, infancy, adulthood.Parole chiave: immigrazione, violenza, prostituzione, infanzia, etŕ adulta.

Kinship, history, and descent

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Ray ◽  
Julian Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Shared Memory ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Kin Relations ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Societies

For traditional societies, by which we mean those peoples whose worlds are permeated by kin relations and obligations, and among whom past societies such as those of Neolithic Britain are mostly to be counted, the most precious inheritance is knowledge. Inherited knowledge is of many kinds, the most overt of which is instrumental knowledge—how to make a rope from fibre, where to look for and how to utilize medicinal plants, and so on. Alongside this, however, is a plurality of less obvious but equally fundamental knowledges that include kinds of behavioural knowledge (in the sense of customs and prohibitions, for example), forms of discursive awareness (how to negotiate the social world; what to recall and recount as story and history), and understandings of esoteric beliefs and their concomitant ‘necessary’ actions. Collective cultural and customary knowledge, then, is a resource that makes possible the sustaining and renewal of human social relationships through time. There is a modern tendency to see history as a progression of tableaux, or a montage of scenes, a cavalcade; or, as we noted in Chapter 1, an ascent through measurable social evolutionary stages from relative cultural simplicity towards a present of multilayered complexity. In the modern world, history is expressed in the form of narratives that have been standardized and systematically ordered, and published in a diversity of media, as well as being contested by alternative perspectives in print and online. This contrasts with the way that knowledge and tradition are conveyed in societies that lack written literature, which generally takes the form of oral transmission. However, they are also expressed and fixed (however fleetingly) and transformed through the use of material items and material culture, including the built environment. For such societies, history may take the form of a shared memory of significant events, but these are always experienced and mediated through the filters of social relationships of dominance and subordination, and of kinship. This latter is composed of the shifting elements of genealogy, lineage, and descent, although any or all of these may be fictional in character, and open to a degree of manipulation.

Who is my stranger?

2018 ◽  
pp. 176-201
Author(s):  
Richard M. Titmuss
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Gain ◽  
The Future ◽  
Traditional Societies

This chapter explores the social and economic aspects of gift-exchange as a universal phenomenon. Examples drawn from both complex and traditional societies indicate that the personal gift and counter-gift, in which givers and receivers are known to each other and personally communicate with each other, is characterised by a great variety of sentiments and purposes. At one end of the spectrum, economic purposes may be dominant as in some forms of first-gifts which aim to achieve a material gain or to enhance prestige or to bring about material gain in the future. At the other end are those gifts whose purposes are predominantly social and moral in that as ‘total social facts’ they aim to serve friendly relationships, affection, and harmony between known individuals and social groups. Meanwhile, social gifts and actions carrying no explicit or implicit individual right to a return gift or action are forms of ‘creative altruism’.

At Whose Table? Stories of Elites and Social Climbers in 1-2 Samuel

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Economic Resources ◽  
Deuteronomistic History ◽  
Appropriate Behavior ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Landed Gentry ◽  
2 Samuel

Abstract1-2 Samuel and indeed the entire Deuteronomistic History include several stories of elite members of society and their lifeways, concentrating on their use of economic resources, proper self-display as rhetors, and obedience or otherwise to those around them. Like other traditional societies, ancient Israel had a fairly deeply articulated sense of appropriate behavior by such persons. This paper draws on contemporary studies in both anthropology and rhetoric, as well as comparative evidence from the ancient Near East and other Israelite texts, to examine the stories of Nabal (1 Sam 25) and Barzillai (2 Sam 19) in their ancient social settings and locations in 2 Samuel. It argues that stories of such landed gentry reflect the interests of the readers and authors of these texts and reveal part of the social location of the entire DH. As such, they allow us to question a simplistic attribution of these texts either to the royal court or its critics, illustrating the complex interrelationships among various settings in Israelite life.

scholarly journals Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Youth in the United States: A Qualitative Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle DeCoux Hampton ◽  
Michelle Lieggi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Commercial Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
The Social ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Work Continuation

Background: Homeless, runaway, and transgender youth are at high risk for commercial sexual exploitation in the United States. Research examining this phenomenon is growing but requires synthesis to facilitate its use by professionals who serve this population. The purpose of this review was to aggregate the qualitative evidence regarding commercially sexually exploited youth (CSEY) in the United States. Methods: The search included published and unpublished qualitative studies with current or former CSEY who reside in the United States. Results: There were 19 studies included in the review with a total of 795 participants. Eight themes were identified and grouped into three broader categories: experiences that preceded sex work entry, experiences that facilitated sex work continuation, and experiences that facilitated sex work exit. Conclusions: Understanding the barriers and facilitators of commercial sexual exploitation can inform the development of interventions that address the needs of CSEY and youth at risk for exploitation. The results of this review highlight the social and economic influences as well as the role of positive and negative reinforcements involved in sex work entry, its continuation, and exit. Needs for services, research, and advocacy are also discussed.

On the Social Origins of Agrarian Fascism in Italy

1972 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Po River ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
The North ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Societies

Before turning directly to fascism, we should recall certain facts that form the background to all that follows. In 1919, Italy, a country of about 35 million people, should be characterized neither as industrialized nor as underdeveloped, but as slowly and very unevenly industrializing. Still predominantly agricultural, the Italian peninsula can be divided into three distinct areas with markedly different social structures, each undergoing in very contrasting ways the twin transformations of the rise of industry and of intensive commercialized farming. The North was the most developed of the three areas, with the peninsula's most modern industrial enterprises heavily concentrated in the Milan-Genoa-Turin triangle, while commercial farming was centered in the fertile valley of the Po River. It is important to note, however, that even the North was still in a state of transition and that in the northern countryside more traditional systems of land tenure and cultivation still existed alongside some of the most mechanized farms in Europe. The other two areas of Italy—Center and South—were alike in being traditional societies less affected by modernization, though the Center of the peninsula and the South were very different social systems (1).

Prostituted Girls and the Grown-up Gaze

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-313
Author(s):  
Ummni Khan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Sex Trade ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Textual Content ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This article examines the representation of under-age girls in the sex trade through a comparative analysis of the social scientific monograph Gangs and Girls: understanding juvenile prostitution and the fictional novel, Lullabies for Little Criminals. Through a semiotic examination of the book covers, and a discursive deconstruction of the fairy-tale conventions of the textual content, the author considers how the ‘grown up gaze’ is both gratified and sometimes challenged. She further demonstrate that ironically, the fictional account in Lullabies offers a more nuanced consideration of the socio-economic factors that contribute to the abuse and sexual exploitation of children than the expert account in Gangs. The article concludes by suggesting ‘grown ups' must be cognizant of the voyeuristic tendencies and the political pitfalls of adult renderings of girl prostitutes.

scholarly journals The Failure of MINUSCA as Peacekeeping Force in the Central African Republic (CAR) in 2013-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hardi Alunaza SD ◽  
Virginia Sherin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Mental Trauma

Since Bozizé led the CAR from March 15, 2003, to March 24, 2013, there has been resistance from some of the rebel forces. The rebellion continues because of the economic and political weaknesses in the CAR government. One of them comes from an opposition coalition known as Séléka who staged a rebellion in 2013 with the aim of overthrowing the Bozizé regime. After the fall of Bozizé, CAR's condition has worsened because Séléka rebels have committed gross human rights violations in the CAR. This is where the conflict develops from the conflict that was originally just a conflict of government-opposition, then widened and turned to religious conflicts. As a result, questions arise about the efforts and involvement of third parties in conflict resolution within the CAR and the social impacts of the conflict. This article attempts to answer questions which focuses on the involvement of third parties as peacekeepers in conflict areas. In this case, the authors use qualitative research methods in the form of literature studies such as books, journals, and scientific articles in supporting the final explanation. The result of this paper shows that the failure of Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) as a peacekeeping force in the conflict in CAR in 2013-2015 is caused by human rights violation in the form of sexual exploitation. This has had a social impact on the lives of communities, especially women and children, suffer from physical and mental trauma resulting from conflict and become victims of human rights violations committed by MINUSCA.

scholarly journals Menelusuri Daya Tahan Wanita Islam Generasi Awal Bagi Mencapai Keunggulan Melalui Analisis Wacana Hadis Nabawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariza Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Azidan Abdul Jabar ◽  
Nik Farhan Mustapha ◽  
Pabiyah Toklubok@Hajimaming
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Female Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
History Books

Women are the main driving force of society along side men. High personality of women will  bring into the world strong generation and community in facing challenges of life. If they are weak, the community also will become strengthless. Muslims, regardless being  majorities in Moslem countries or minorities in non Moslem countries should revive excellency as early generations of Islam that bring forth advanced world civilization for several centuries. The stories of the early generations had been written by many authors such as Mohammad Rashid Rida’s writing about the wives of the Prophet, as well as contained in history books known as “sirah”, autobiographies as well as other forms of writings, translations of thousands of titles in the subject but not studied analytically. Thus analyzing the social processes that apply at that time through the content of Prophetic hadith and discourse analysis texts as proposed by social language analysts, prevail to expose the excellency and sustainability of  women implied in the events as had been narrated by themselves and others. Methodology of this study is based on analysis of the content of hadith and Fairclough (2003, 1992, 1989)’s concept of discourse analysis through the dimension of intertextuality. Several prophetic Hadith are selected, analyzed and being related to social practice to formulate the principles that should serve as a model to modern  women especially by Moslim women. This is because the development of human capital especially female identity is the backbone of the nation’s development.

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