Who is my stranger?

2018 ◽  
pp. 176-201
Author(s):  
Richard M. Titmuss
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Gain ◽  
The Future ◽  
Traditional Societies

This chapter explores the social and economic aspects of gift-exchange as a universal phenomenon. Examples drawn from both complex and traditional societies indicate that the personal gift and counter-gift, in which givers and receivers are known to each other and personally communicate with each other, is characterised by a great variety of sentiments and purposes. At one end of the spectrum, economic purposes may be dominant as in some forms of first-gifts which aim to achieve a material gain or to enhance prestige or to bring about material gain in the future. At the other end are those gifts whose purposes are predominantly social and moral in that as ‘total social facts’ they aim to serve friendly relationships, affection, and harmony between known individuals and social groups. Meanwhile, social gifts and actions carrying no explicit or implicit individual right to a return gift or action are forms of ‘creative altruism’.

scholarly journals Content and stylistic peculiarities of non-canonical Orthodox Internet Sermon in modern Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Konstantin S. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Technical Professions

The paper is concerned with a study of the changing content and style of non-canonical Christian religious preaching in the digital age. Special attention is paid to the analysis of modern rhetoric Christian preachers practice in their Internet channels, forums and blogs. It is shown that the content of the Internet sermon is largely determined by the Internet users themselves and the topics of their appeals. The fundamental characteristics of the content of the Internet sermon are: 1) focus on the individual, their private goals and objectives, not just on theological problems; 2) rethinking the phenomenon of the neighbour; 3) a shift from the Hesychast tradition of preaching the importance of inner spiritual concentration to the preaching of religious interactivity. The observed stylistic features of the digital preaching can be summarised as follows: 1) moving away from simple answers to the rhetoric of new questions addressed to the audience; 2) empathy, co-participation with a person in his/her life conflicts and experiences; 3) desire to share religious information, not to impose it; 4) resorting to various rhetorical techniques to reach different audiences; 5) a tendency to use slang, sometimes even irrespective of the audience’s language preferences and expectations. It should be pointed out that the Orthodox Internet sermon in the Russian Internet space has a dual and contradictory nature. On the one hand, this phenomenon can be regarded as positive for the Orthodox preaching in general, since it is a means of spreading Christian ideas in the social groups that do not constitute a core of parishioners of Orthodox churches, for example, schoolchildren, students, representatives of technical professions, etc. On the other hand, the effectiveness of such preaching is still unclear. Lack of reliable statistics as well as the results of the survey related to the Orthodox Internet preaching gives us no opportunity to judge about effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the phenomenon at this stage of its development.

Positive regard for difference without identity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Trans People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cis And Trans

The contact hypothesis has been the go-to social psychology concept for promoting better relations between unequal social groups since its inception in the context of ‘racial’ de-segregation in the USA. The idea that contact between groups reduces prejudice has been applied to a range of dominant / subordinate social groups such as ethnic groups, homo/heterosexuals, cis and trans people. This chapter will question whether the aims and premises of contact theory are still useful in the context of increasingly subtle and systemic biases and inequalities, and whether and how it might be usefully extended to relations between more complex identities than simple pre-defined oppositional ‘in’ and ‘out’ groups.  To do so, it considers some examples of intergroup othering using case studies pertaining to backlashes against gender, sexual and ethnic diversity in the contemporary Australian context. This chapter proposes the fruitful combination of queer ethics, post-tolerance political theory and the social psychology concept of ‘allophilia’ (love for the other) to move towards fostering ‘positive regard’ as an alternative way to tackle prejudice. It suggests that queer ethics can lend a convincing strategy here, which I call ‘reading queerly’, that is, being able to approach an other with an openness that neither homogenises nor subordinates difference.

Peasant Resistance in Ethiopia: the Case of Weyane

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebru Tareke
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Peasant Resistance

Weyane was a spontaneous, localized peasant uprising with limited objectives. It occurred in 1943 because several disaffected social groups in the eastern part of Tigrai believed that they could defeat or at least extract substantial concessions from a weak transitional government. The multiplicity of objectives roughly correspond to the divergent interests of the participants: the sectarian nobility wanted a greater share in the regional reallocation of power, the semi-pastoral communities of the lowlands were interested in pre-empting feudal incorporation, and the highland cultivators wanted to terminate the excessive demands of officialdom and militia. The convergence of these forces made Weyane possible; the disorganization of the ruling strata and the subsequent defection of a segment of the territorial nobility enormously enhanced the peasants' capacity for collective action. But this very heterogeneity comprised the peasants' objectives. The revolt lacked a coherent set of goals, nor did it have a specific program for social action. The rebels attacked neither the legitimacy of the monarchy nor the ideological basis of the Ethiopian aristocracy. In the end, Weyane buttressed the feudal order, and was probably instrumental in strengthening Ethiopia's neo-colonial link with the West. In the aftermath of rebellion, the Tigrai nobility did get its rights and prerogatives recognized, to the same extent that the nobility in the other northern provinces did. The government undercut the nobility's political autonomy, but paid the price of reinforcing their social position. On the other hand, in reaction to Weyane, the state destroyed the social basis of clan authority and autonomy, and reduced the Raya and Azebo to landless peasants. Weyane marked the end of conflict between centrifugal and centralizing forces, but did not eliminate the social roots of popular protest.

The Utopian, the Dystopian, and the Heroic Deeds of One

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Schmeink
Keyword(s):  
War On Terror ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Future ◽  
Present Possibility

Chapter 6 discusses the TV series Heroes as more optimistic in its depiction of the social consequences of posthuman evolution than the other texts analyzed. The show's premise of posthumanity as a result of evolutionary mutation reflects radical changes in subjectivity not onto an elite few, as in classic superhero narratives, but onto the everyday man. The series consequently emphasizes the potential of the posthuman condition as a catalyst for global social and political change – a solution to the 'big issues' that elude the current institutions of power. The posthuman becomes the site of struggle over the potential changes to the future, in effect over the concept of utopia. In contrasting dystopian futures with the present possibility of change through posthumanity, the show allows a utopian space to emerge, in which global issues such as the war on terror can be solved and attacks such as those on 9/11 could be prevented. In this, Heroes returns to humanist notions and concepts of history as events shaped by exceptional individuals, while at the same time complicating them with communal images of a cooperative and interconnected posthuman subjectivity.

scholarly journals Formation and development of vocational mobility of the future teacher of Physical Education in educational space of university

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Tatiana Anatolievna Fugelova
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Future Teacher ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Vocational Orientation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future

The article is based on the idea of conjugation between social and personal factors in the preparation of a teacher of Physical Education (PE). It creates the conditions for building a harmonious relationship with the surrounding world, finding one’s place in society, vocational orientation, formation of readiness for adaptability and mobility in the future vocational activity. The conditions, ensuring the formation and development of vocational mobility of the future teacher of PE in the socio-cultural educational space of high school, are dialogization, taking part of the future experts in project activities at various levels.  We have considered the process of formation and development of vocational mobility of the future expert in the social and cultural educational space of high school within the framework of the continuing education system. The concept of continuing education involves the inclusion of dialogue relationship, which contributes to the formation and development of vocational mobility of the future teacher of PE at all levels: knowledge, skills, creativity, experience in value and emotional orientation. The transition from one level of formation of vocational mobility to the other one in the socio-cultural educational space of high school is provided by the realization of the complex of strategic conditions and pedagogical tactics (pedagogical support, educational accompaniment, enhance social and vocational values), which contribute to the development of the readiness of the future teachers of PE to changes, innovations in the process of vocational activity. Keywords:  vocational mobility, educational space, continuing education, strategies and tactics of vocational mobility.

scholarly journals Research into the Socio-Economic Impact of Resource Development in Northern Canada Priorities and Strategies of Interest Groups

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Scott Macdonald ◽  
Norman Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Native People ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

An examination of different interest groups (e.g. government, natives and industry) in Canada's north indicates that each group utilizes divergent strategies to research the socio-economic impact of rapid economic development. Furthermore, strategies and outcomes of research by each group generally reflect their priorities. On one extreme, studies sponsored by industry tend to downplay negative social impacts and stress positive economic gains from development. On the other extreme, the native people stress the social disruption of their traditional lifestyles and minimal economic benefits to be gained from development. The federal and provincial (Ontario) governments, in attaching priorities to different interest groups, have tended to implement the views of the majority of the population—those that benefit from the economic aspects of the development. Accordingly, negative social consequences related to northern resource development have only received cursory attention.

scholarly journals The Development of “Waqf” on the “Ulayat” Lands in West Sumatera, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Onny Medaline
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entire Series ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future

The Article 3 of the Agrarian Laws consists of the regulation about one aspect of the most important communal rights related to the scope of life, namely the “ulayat” rights. These laws themselves, do not define the meaning of the “ulayat” lands. Therefore, the admission of the existence of the “ulayat” rights included in the Article 3 of the Agrarian Laws still considered as the ambivalent by the consideration of the policy board. The absence of the deep concepts on the “ulayat” lands in the agrarian laws, affected the establishment of the other regulation, in this case, called the “waqf” regulation. By the entire series of the “waqf” regulations, there are not Articles cite that the land object along with the “ulayat” right can pass into the “waqf” land. Therefore, it needed the study about the development of the “ulayat” institution of society in West Sumatera, that becomes the transformation and the interaction processes among the culture and tradition of Minang Kabau based on the Islamic aspects. Moreover, as the enthusiasm of the “waqf” development to become the social welfare. Therefore, the “waqf” and the “ulayat” lands in West Sumatera are the assets of the local communities to take care of them continually and expands the “waqf” properties to aim the future social welfare.

#SocialIT

2014 ◽  
pp. 177-199
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Wearable Technologies ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Computational Systems ◽  
Individual Core

The #SocialIT layer of the STEMcell Model is visualized as a layer surrounding and penetrating the other layers to interact directly with the individual core. It represents the seismic transformations where technology underpins and transforms the future. Six drivers most likely to shape the future workforce are highlighted in this chapter: longer life spans, a rise in smart devices and systems, advances in computational systems such as sensors and processing power, new multimedia technology, the continuing evolution of social media, and a globally connected world. Specific tools and potentials of #SocialIT are discussed, including big data, augmented reality and wearable technologies, crowdsourcing and the new ways for people to meet and collaborate, rapid changes in technology fracturing generations only a few years apart, and the social, educational, and career implications of substantially extended active lifespans. The #SocialIT layer implies that future programs, projects, and activities should be developed by tapping into this shifting technological landscape and actively using the tools and platforms. However, the deeper meaning is that what is happening naturally is going to rapidly overtake anything we can plan based on the present.

Conclusions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Martire
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Absolute Limit ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Preceding Argument

On the basis of the preceding argument, the author posits that the emergence of a new emergent virtual understanding of the individual, has brought us to the absolute limit of the normalizing complex. This vision of the subject as a virtual entity indicates a growing awareness of the presence of an existential uniqueness, or Otherness (born out of normalization’s inherent allusion to the Other as what lies beyond the norms), in everyone’s life that challenges the attempts at conceiving the social body in terms of normality. This has implications that are as yet undefined for our current legal system that has developed thus far in relation to the dynamics of normalization. Faced with the expansion of Otherness in our society, the author intimates that we may be forced to rethink the structure of our legal discourse, and imagine new foundations for the future of democracy and politics.

Humor theory and the fear of being laughed at

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie Davies
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Humor Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

AbstractSystematic empirical research into the extent to which individuals in different societies fear being laughed at is new and has implications for humor theory. Humor theorists such as Hobbes and Bergson implicitly assume that such fears were generally at a high level and both Hobbes' superiority theory of laughter and Bergson's view of it as a social corrective depend on this assumption. They purport to be general theories but are in fact the product of the particular societies in which those philosophers' lived and whose mores they took for granted. However, we can use their work to generate hypotheses that can in the future be tested against the comparative empirical data now being produced. In particular we should pay attention is the social variables of shame, face, etiquette and embarrassment on the one hand, and hierarchy, status divisions and power on the other, as probably having explanatory power.

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