scholarly journals EFEK ROSELLA MERAH KERING TERHADAP KADAR MDA SERUM TIKUS STRAIN WISTAR YANG DI PAPAR ASAP ROKOK

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novera Herdiani ◽  
Wiwik Afridah
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Serum Test ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract: Cigarette smoke contains free radicals. Currently the number of smokers in Indonesia arestill high. This study aims to analyze the effects of red rosella of dried on the prevention of theincrease of Malondialdehyde (MDA) serum of strain wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Thetotal sample of 24 male rats and divided into four groups: negative control, positive control, treatment of red rosella on dried dose 540 mg/bw, and red rosella on dried dose 810 mg/bw. Negativecontrol only given with standard feed. Positive control given by standard feed and exposed to 2cigarettes a day. Treatment group were feed by standard and red rosella of dried in the morning andexposed to 2 cigarettes after that. This study was conducted for 21 days. At the end of the study,blood serum was analyzed to determine MDA. The results of the study of MDA serum test isanalyzed with One Way ANOVA and followed by Tukey LSD test at 5% level. The giving of redrosella on dried dose 540 mg/bw and red rosella on dried dose 810 mg/bw can significantly preventthe increase of MDA serum in strain wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Purple Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) Petal Extract Prevents Hepatocyte Degeneration in Wistar Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Arya Ulilalbab ◽  
Bambang Wiratmadi ◽  
Merryana Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Liver Histopathology

Currently, the number of smokers in Indonesia is still high. Cigarette smoke contains free radicals. This study aimed to analyze the effects of purple rosella petal extract on the prevention of hepatocyte degeneration in Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Twenty male rats were divided into four groups: negative control, positive control, treatment group receiving 270 mg/kg BW purple rosella petal extract, and treatment group receiving 540 mg/kg BW purple rosella calyx extract. Negative control was only given with standard feed. Positive control was given with standard feed and exposed to 2 cigarettes a day. Treatment groups were fed with standard feed and administered with rosella extract in the morning then exposed to 2 cigarettes every day. This study was conducted for 28 days. At the end of the study, hepatocyte degeneration was observed in liver histopathology stained with hematoxilin eosin. The administration of purple rosella petal extracts in the doses of 540 mg/kgBW and 270 mg/kgBW significantly (p<0.05) prevented hepatocyte degeneration. Purple rosella petal extract is able to prevent hepatocyte degeneration in Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI PARU TIKUS WISTAR SETELAH DIBERI PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novera Herdiani ◽  
Endah Budi Permana Putri
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Lung Histopathology

Abstract: Cigarette smoke is the main cause of lung obstruction. One of the obstructions in real that iscaused by cigarette smoke is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress trigger inflammation response occur andlung obstruction. Cigarette smoke able to cause lung histopathology changes like lungs obstruction onalveolus wall. Red dragon fruit extract tackle free radical then able to against the oxidative stress. Theobjective of this study to examines the image of rat lung histopathology under exposed cigarette smoke.Twenty four Wistar rats divided four groups: negative control, positive control, red dragon fruit extracttreatment of 7,2 g/200 g WB, and red dragon fruit extract10,8 g/200 g WB. Negative control only givenstandard feed. Positive control given standar feed and exposed 21 cigarette per day. Treatment groupgiven feed during 21 days. In the 22nd day rats be sacrificed, the lung taken out for observation andimage of rat lung histopathology changes by making lung organ histopathology preparationhematoxicillin Eosion (HE) staining and observed under magnification light microscope 400x. The endresult of the study indicate the finding of changes in lung histopathology such as obstruction level overthe lung tissue higher, alveolar macrophage covered alveoli after being exposed cigarette smoke. Groupwhich does not exposed cigarette smoke, lung alveolus macrophage in normal condition, there are noobstruction or alveolus macrophage occurred, its alveolar macrophage does no covering alveoli.Treatment group administered fruit dragon extract dose 10,8 g/200 g WB and dose 7,2 g/200 g WB seemalmost the same with negative control treatment. Conclusion of the research is cigarette smoke exposecan influence the number of alveolar macrophage on wistar rats. Suggestion very required furtherresearch on oxdative stress parameter.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Bay Leaf and Celery Leaf Infusion Effect on Decreasing LDL Level in Dyslipidemic Wistar Rats Model

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Anjani Putri Retnaninggalih ◽  
Erfan Efendi ◽  
Hairrudin Hairrudin
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
One Way Anova

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the cause of 7,3 million death globally in 2008. The main pathophysiology process that leads to CHD is atherosclerosis which is caused by high LDL cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to explore bay leaf and celery leaf infusion effect on reducing LDL cholesterol level in dyslipidemic rat model. The type of this study was true experimental research using wistar rat (Rattus novergicus) as the sample. The rats were induced by high fat diet and PTU for two weeks then each of the group were given either bay leaf infusion, celery leaf infusion, simvastatin (positive control), or aquadest (negative control) for a week. The measurement of LDL level used Friedewald formulation. Data was analyzed using paired sample t test and one way ANOVA. As the result there was a significance reduction on LDL level after treatment with bay leaf (p=0,013) and celery leaf infusion (p=0,035) but there was no significance difference between groups (p=0,293). It was concluded that bay leaf and celery leaf infusion could reduce the LDL level in dyslipidemic wistar rat but there was no difference on the capability of the two different leafs on reducing LDL level. Keywords: dyslipidemia, LDL, bay leaf, celery leaf, wistar rats

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Alkohol terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Aorta Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Margarin

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Kamalo ◽  
Lily L. Loho ◽  
Maria K. Sambuaga
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Moderate Dose ◽  
Alcohol Administration ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

Abstract: Margarine is a kitchen ingredient that contains trans fat which plays an important role in the formation of atherosclerosis. Alcohol is one of the compounds that can slow down the formation of foam cells which are the beginning of atherosclerotic lesions. This study was aimed to determine the effect of alcohol administration on the aortic histopathological features of Wistar rats induced by margarine. This was an experimental laboratory study. Samples were 20 Wistar rats divided into 4 groups, as follows: negative control (KN), given pellet only; positive control (KP), given pellet and margarine 5 g per day; treatment 1 (P1), given pellet, margarine 5 g, and wine (14% of alcohol) 0.18 ml per day; and treatment 2 (P2), given pellet, margarine 5 g, and wine 0.36 ml per day. All samples were terminated at day 29. Rat aortas were prepared for microscopic slides. The results showed that foam cells were found in the aortic layers. The highest number of foam cells was found in KP group, followed by P1 group, meanwhile P2 group had the lowest number of foam cells. Conclusion: In the aortas of Wistar rats given wine in moderate dose concomitantly with margarine (P1 and P2 groups), the numbers of foam cells were less than in Wistar rats that were given margarine only (KP group).Keywords: wine, histopathology of aorta, atherosclerosis, margarine Abstrak: Margarin merupakan bahan dapur yang mengandung lemak trans yang sangat berperan dalam pembentukan aterosklerosis. Alkohol adalah salah satu senyawa yang dapat memperlambat pembentukkan sel busa yang merupakan awal dari lesi aterosklerosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pemberian alkohol terhadap gambaran histopatologik aorta tikus Wistar yang diinduksi margarin. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik. Sampel penelitian ialah 20 ekor tikus Wistar yang dibagi atas 4 kelompok: kontol negatif (KN), hanya diberikan pelet; kontrol positif (KP) diberikan pelet dan margarin 5 gr per hari; perlakuan 1 (P1) diberikan pelet, margarin 5 gr dan minuman anggur (kandungan alkohol 14%) 0,18 ml per hari; dan perlakuan 2 (P2) diberikan pelet dan margarin 5 gr serta minuman anggur 0,36 ml per hari. Semua sampel diterminasi pada hari ke-29, dan aorta tikus diambil untuk sediaan mikroskopik. Hasil pengamatan histopatologik mendapatkan sel busa pada lapisan-lapisan aorta dengan jumlah tertinggi pada kelompok KP, kemudian P1, dan paling sedikit pada P2. Simpulan: Pada tikus Wistar yang diberikan minuman anggur dosis moderat dan margarin secara bersamaan (P1 dan P2) terlihat sel busa yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan tikus Wistar yang hanya diberikan margarine (KP).Kata kunci: alkohol, histopatologik aorta, aterosklerosis, margarin

scholarly journals UJI EFEK ANTIPIRETIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus L.)

PHARMACON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Anissa Sedu ◽  
Edwin De Queljoe ◽  
Julianri Sari Lebang
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
White Rats ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Wistar Male Rats ◽  
Dpt Vaccine

ABSTRACTStarfruit leaves (Averrhoa Bilimbi L) is a plant that contains tannins and flavonoids. In accordance with previous research it was stated that tannins and flavonoids have antiperetic activity. This study aims to determine whether the ethanol extract of starfruit leaves has an antiperetic effect in wistar male rats (Rattus Norvegicus L) induced by the DPT vaccine. This study used 15 test animals and devided into 5 grops consisting of negative control (cmc 1%), positive control (paracetamol) and the test dose group namely the administration of starfruit leaves extract 3,6 mg/200 grams BW, 7,2 mg/200 grams BW and 14,4 mg/200 grams BW. Each mouse was induced with DPT vaccine doses of 0,2 ml intramuscularly. Temperature measurements were made taken before induction, 2 hours after induction and every 30 minutes for 3 hours. The results showed a decrease in temperature in the 60th minute of starfruit leaves 3,6 mg/200 grams BW, 7,2 mg/200 grams BW and 14,4 mg/200 grams BW. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and LSD test. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of starfruit leaves 3,6 m, 7,2 mg and 14,4 mg has antiperetic activity in male white rats. Keywords : Averrhoa bilimbi L,Antiperetic,Rattus novergicus L,Vaksin DPTABSTRAK Daun belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.)  adalah salah satu tanaman yang mengandung zat tanin dan flavonoid. Berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa tanin dan flavonoid mempunyai aktivitas antipiretik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh memiliki efek sebagai antipiretik pada tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang di induksikan vaksin DPT. Penelitian ini menggunakan hewan uji sebanyak 15 ekor dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yang terdiri dari kontrol negatif (CMC 1%),  kontrol positif (parasetamol) dan kelompok dosis uji yaitu pemberian ekstrak daun Belimbing wuluh 3,6 mg/200 gram BB, 7,2 mg/200 gram BB, dan 14,4 mg/200 gram  BB. Tiap  tikus diinduksi dengan vaksin DPT sebanyak 0,2 ml secara intramuskular. Pengukuran suhu dilakukan sebelum induksi, 2 jam setelah pemberian induksi dan setiap 30 menit selama 3 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penuruan suhu pada menit yang ke 60 ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh 3,6 mg/200 gram BB, 7,2 mg/200 gram BB, dan 14,4 mg/200 gram BB.  Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA satu arah dan uji LSD dapat menurunkan suhu rektal tikus. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh 3,6 mg, 7,2 mg, dan 14,4 mg mempunyai aktivitas antipiretik pada tikus putih jantan.  Kata Kunci :  Averrhoa bilimbi L., Antipiretik, Rattus norvegicus L,  Vaksin DPT

scholarly journals Administration of red rosella’s petals extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa) increase level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) wistar rats which induced by repeteadly heated cooking oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novera Herdiani ◽  
Bambang Wirjatmadi ◽  
Merryana Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background:  repeatedly heated cooking oil is cooking oil that is used many times, had saturated fatty acids containing free radicals. Red rosella petals extract contains antioxidants to minimize the effects of repeatedly heated cooking oil that can raise the levels of SOD. The aim of this study was to analyzed the effect of red rosella’s petals extract against oxidative stress of Wistar rats were induced by repeatedly heated cooking oil with examine levels of  serum SOD.This research was conducted True Experimental Laboratory with a completely randomized design (CRD) and use the post test. The sample consisted of 24 male rats were divided 4 groups: negative control (fed with standard diet); positive control (fed with standard diet + administered by repeatedly heated cooking oil as much as 2.1 ml / kg bw); treatment group dose I (fed with standard diet + administered by red rosella extract dose 540 mg / kg bw + repeatedly heated cooking oil as much as 2.1 ml / kg bw), and treatment group dose II (fed with standard diet + administered by red rosella extract dose 810 mg / kg bw + repeatedly heated cooking oil as much as 2.1 ml / kg bw). Analysis of data using statistical test One Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD (α = 0.05).Results: There were significant differences (p = 0.000) between groups. Red rosella extract treatment group dose 810 mg / kg bw and 540 mg / kg bw were significantly different from the positive control (p = 0.000). Red rosella extract group dose 540 mg / kg bw was significantly different from the negative control (p = 0.000). Red rosella extract group dosage of 810 mg / kg bw was not differ significantly from the control group (p = 0.171).Conclusion: The red rosella’s petals extract dose of 810 mg / kg bw and dose of 540 mg / kg bw were able to prevent oxidative stress. Optimal deose of red rosella petals extract dose of 810 mg / kg bw was the most effective, because the higher antioxidant activity (67.33%) at dose 810 mg / kg bw dose than 540 mg / kg bw.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN FUNGSI ANTI OKSIDAN GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir) SEBAGAI HEPATOPROTEKTOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Edward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
One Way Anova

 ABSTRACT The aim of the research is to find out the effect of the hepatoprotector from gambier to some rats animal contaminated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The research was done in Biochemistry laboratory Medical Faculty Andalas University Padang applied to 12 galur wistar rats species in about ± 2 months ages with 170-200 g weight, which are separated into 3 groups (clusters). They are cluster in negative control, in positive control (CCl4 2 mg/kgBB inductions), and treated cluster (CCl4  inductions and 10 mg/kgBB gambier given). Statistically analyzed the data by one way Anova test with 95% confidence of degree, the result of the research are pointed to the rate of MDA serum level which is 1.08 ± 0.12 nmol/mL for the cluster in negative control, 4.07 ± 0.45 nmol/mL for positive control cluster, and 3.28 ± 0.46 nmol/mL for treated cluster showed the significant differences between the 3 clusters. The rates of MDA lever level to the cluster in negative control is about 1.80 ± 0.30 nmol/mL, in positive control is about 4.55 ± 0.56 nmol/mL, and the treated cluster is about 3.92 ± 0.22 nmol/mL, from the 3 clusters above shows that there is only the positive control and the treated control has no meaning of purpose. It concluded that the CCl4  has the hepatotoxite effect with gambier could be functionated as the hepatoprotector. Key words : gambier, CCl4, hepatoprotector, MDA    

scholarly journals Antioxidant effect of ethanolic extract of Pleurotus Ostreatus on 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and glutathione (GSH) level in lung rats exposed to cigarette smoke

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Santun Bhekti Rahimah ◽  
Arto Yuwono Soeroto ◽  
Diah Dhianawaty Djunaedi ◽  
Tatang Bisri
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Cigarette smoke can trigger oxidative stress. An alternative to overcome the harmful effects of cigarette smoke is through antioxidants. White oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus Ostreatus) are a source of exogenous antioxidants because many contain active compounds for potential antioxidants such as phenol and flavonoid compounds. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus on 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and glutathione (GSH), as well as to analyze their correlation in the lung of Wistar male rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Methods: The study was a preclinical experiment conducted on 24 rats divided into four groups. The treatment was carried out for 42 days and antioxidant effects were assessed through levels of HNE and GSH in rat lungs. Groups were divided as follows: I- normal control, II- negative control, III and IV exposed to cigarette smoke for 60 minutes/day. Group III (treatment group) was treated with ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus at 250 mg/kg BW rat/day, and group IV (comparison group) was treated with N-acetyl cysteine 600 mg /day. Data analysis used was one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test, and Spearmen rank correlation coefficient test. Results: The results showed that the group receiving ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus had HNE levels of (44,18 ± 2,09 pg/mL) and GSH (0,04 ± 0,00 pg/mL) protein. This extract significantly increased GSH levels and inhibited the increase of HNE levels. Results of GSH (p≤0.01) showed significant results using one-way ANOVA. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of P. ostreatus can prevent lipid peroxidation and decrease endogenous antioxidant levels in lung cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus has good antioxidant potential.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Sari Kecambah Kacang Hijau terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid pada Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) yang Terinfeksi Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila [Effect of Mung Bean Sprouts Essences against Malondialdehyde Levels In African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Infected by Bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila ]

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Widy Ayunanti, Hari Suprapto, Boedi Setya Rahardja
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Bacterial Disease

Abstract African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a type of freshwater fish consumption with elongated body and smooth skin. Bacterial disease that often strikes African catfish and can cause death as well as a cause of primary infection is A.hydrophila. Bacterial infection may be one cause of the synthesis of lipid peroxidation which is an indication of the emergence of free radicals. And the end result of lipid peroxidation is malondialdehyde. Sprouts are the new little plants grow from seeds planted beans. Green bean seed germination will enrich vitamins including vitamin E, green beans or α-tocopherol. Vitamin E in maintaining the stability of the plasma membrane and protects the cell structure against damage caused by free radicals is by blocking the reaction initiation and propagation of lipid peroxidation reactions interrupt. Data analyze of this research was used Varian Analyze (ANAVA) and to found the lowest level was used Duncan Test. The average yield of malondialdehyde levels in the negative control treatment is 0.0386 ng / 100 mg mass, positive control (1 ml Aeromonas hydrophila 105 cfu per 5 liter) is 0.0962 ng / 100 mg mass, sprout extract treatment (0 , 1 ml per fish) is 0.05 ng / 100 mg mass, germination and pollen treatment Aeromonas hydrophila is 0.0626 ng / 100 mg mass. From these results indicate that the highest levels found in the positive control treatment while the lowest levels found in the negative control. These results also suggest that decreased levels of malondialdehyde using pollen germination is very significantly different with P < 0,01.

scholarly journals The effect of Etlingera elatior J. flower on the pulmo histology of white rat (Rattus novergicus L.) after cigarette smoke exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
F Hasri ◽  
K Manalu ◽  
E P S Tambunan ◽  
Syukriah
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
White Male ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Histological Improvement ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

Abstract Cigarette smoking is one of health issues that mainly harmed the lung due to its free radicals. Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior J.) is a medicinal plant known to have a high amount of antioxidant. This study aims to determine the effect of antioxidant in Etlingera elatior J. flower on the improvement of pulmonary histology of male white rats (Rattus novergicus L.) as the secondhand smoke (cigarette exposure). This research was conducted by experimental method with ethanol extract of Etlingera elatior J. flower and pulmonary organ of white male rats as the test materials. There were 25 white male rats that divided into 5 groups (Positive Control, Negative Control, P1: 30 mg/Kg, P2:60 mg/Kg, and P3:90 mg/Kg). The results were statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA test and Duncan’s test. The results showed a decreased amount of damage at P1, P2 and P3 groups. The statistical analysis showed that Etlingera elatior J. flower extract had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the histological improvement in each group. Group P2 shows the lowest rate of damage that it can be concluded the most effective dose in repairing the damage to rat pulmonary histology due to exposure of cigarette smoke.

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