scholarly journals Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Sungai Citarum yang bermuara ke Waduk Cirata di Wilayah Kabupaten Cianjur

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Bramantiyo Eko Putro ◽  
Isma Masrofah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Pollutant Sources

Pollution prevention must be carried out in the upstream, middle and downstream parts. One of the Citarum watersheds located in the middle part is the Cirata reservoir. Pollution in the Cirata reservoir does not only originate from the reservoir environment, but also from rivers that flow into the Cirata reservoir. Cirata Reservoir besides being a Hydroelectric Power Plant (PLTA) unit, this reservoir is also used by the community for fish farming in the Floating Net Pool (KJA) technique. This study aims to determine the most dominant pollutants contaminating the Cirata reservoir. Test of river and reservoir water quality is carried out with the help of lab tests by Labkesda. The research data was obtained by obtaining clean water quality test data from several 3 estuary points of the river flow to the Cirata reservoir and 4 centers of Cirata reservoir number of 40 samples. Data processing techniques are carried out using data mining, namely Exploratory Data Analysis. The lab parameter test results, which are compared with the Permenkes No. 32 Year 2017 standard, show that the majority of the physical and chemical quality parameters of the Citarum River which empties into the Cirata Reservoir are still within the required threshold. Most river and reservoir water samples have water quality that qualifies as clean water. Five samples (12.5%) in turbidity parameters and 1 sample (2.5%) in color samples did not qualify as clean water. This is possible because the sampling is too close to the mainland. Temperature parameters of 20 samples (50%) do not qualify as clean water is possible because of the lag time of sampling. The results of the analysis showed that the distance of pollutant sources, the amount of pollutant sources, and environmental conditions around the sampling significantly with temperature, TDS, turbidity, color, pH, nitrogen, iron, hardness, manganese, fluoride, and cyanide.

scholarly journals Dynamics Water Quality in Koto Panjang Reservoir, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 934 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
B Budijono ◽  
I Suharman ◽  
A Hendrizal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Generation

Abstract Riau Province has the Koto Panjang reservoir which is generated from the damming of the Kampar River flow for hydroelectric power generation and other utilization activities. The increase in community activities in reservoir waters and on land causes water quality dynamics that can affect fish farming activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the dynamics of reservoir water quality. The survey was conducted in March – August 2021 at seven sampling points, where water samples at each sampling point were taken at a depth of 1 m as much as 1 liter using a van dorn water sampler and preserved and analyzed according to standard methods. Data from measurement and analysis were tabulated and analyzed descriptively including temperature, pH, turbidity, TSS, TDS, DO, nitrate, ammonia, total nitrogen, BOD5, COD, and total phosphate. The results obtained indicate that the values of temperature, turbidity, TDS, TSS, pH, DO, ammonia, nitrate, and phosphate are still below the quality standard, except in the range of BOD values of 4.30 – 5.75 mg/L and COD of 17.90. – 23.73 mg/L is an indication of organic matter originating from other activities on the reservoir land, such as plantations, agriculture, settlements, tourism, apart from floating net cage cultivation activities.

scholarly journals SIMULATIONS OF FLOW CIRCULATIONS AND ATRAZINE CONCENTRATIONS IN A MIDWEST U.S. RESERVOIR

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
XIANGGUI ZHAO ◽  
ROY R. GU ◽  
CHULING GUO ◽  
KUI WANG ◽  
SHIJIE LI
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Various Boundary Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Flow ◽  
Flow Circulation ◽  
High Level

Atrazine is the most commonly used herbicide in the spring for pre-emergent weed control in the corn cropping area in the Midwestern United States. A frequent high level of herbicide concentrations in reservoirs is a great concern for public health and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, a two-dimensional hydrodynamics and toxic contaminant transport model was applied to Saylorville Reservoir, Iowa, USA. The model simulates physical, chemical, and biological processes and predicts unsteady vertical and longitudinal distributions of a toxic chemical. Model results were validated by measured temperatures and atrazine concentrations. Simulated flow velocities, water temperatures, and chemical concentrations demonstrated that the spatial variation of atrazine concentrations was largely affected by seasonal flow circulation patterns in the reservoir. In particular, the simulated fate and transport of atrazine showed the effect of flow circulation on spatial distribution of atrazine during summer months as the river flow formed an underflow within the reservoir and resulted in greater concentrations near the surface of the reservoir. Atrazine concentrations in the reservoir peaked around the end of May and early June. A thorough understanding of the fate and transport of atrazine in the reservoir can assist in developing operation and pollution prevention strategies with respect to timing, amount, and depth of withdrawal. The responses of atrazine transport to various boundary conditions provide useful information in assessing environmental impact of alternative upstream watershed management practices on the quality of reservoir water.

scholarly journals PREDIKSI DEBIT ALIRAN MASUK KE TELAGA MENJER MENGGUNAKAN PERSAMAAN NERACA AIR DAN PEMODELAN HEC-HMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Hiro Agung Pratama ◽  
Jazaul Ikhsan ◽  
Apip Apip
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Inflow Prediction

The Menjer lake is the main source for Hydroelectric Power Plant of the PLTA Garung. Information about the water balance and the potential of existing water resources in the Menjer Catchment Area (DTA) is needed to obtain an efficient operating pattern, the sustainability of the Garung hydropower plant, and good management of the Menjer Lake. The purpose of this study was to estimate the inflow of three main rivers in the Menjer catchment area using HEC-HMS hydrological and water balance approach. Simulated results of the HEC-HMS model shows that the average of total the inflows of three main rivers to the Menjer lake in 2017, 2018 and 2019 during rainy season are 0.954 m3/s, 0.944 m3/s, and 1.017 m3/s, and during dry season are 0.820 m3/s, 0.783 m3/s, and 0.80 m3/s, respectively. While the prediction results of the discharge with the equation of the water balance shows that the average of total river inflows to the Menjer lake during rainy season is 2017 is 1.628 m3/s, in 2018 it is 1.579 m3/s, and in 2019 it is 3.296 m3/s and during dry season is 1.893 m3/s in 2017, 1.176 m3/s tahun 2018, and 1.893 m3/s in 2019. These results indicate that the results of discharge modeling with HEC-HMS are smaller than those predicted by the water balance equation. The study concluded that HEC-HMS could be used to predict daily inflows. However, further calibration and validation need to be carried out by recommending installing a river flow monitoring station at each river outlet.Keywords: water balance HEC-HMS, inflow prediction

scholarly journals Water Quality and Trophic Status of Koto Panjang Reservoir, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Dina Muthmainnah ◽  
Aroef Hukmanan Rais
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Tolerance Range ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
Net Cages

Koto Panjang Reservoir is one of the hydroelectric power plants in Indonesia, located in Kampar Regency, Riau Province. This paper aims to determine the water quality and tropic status of the Koto Panjang Reservoir. The research was carried out along the Koto Panjang Reservoir, covering the floating net cages area, inlet, outlet, and the center of the reservoir. Water samples were collected twice a year, February and September 2017. The results showed that the water quality of Koto Panjang reservoir is still within the tolerance range for the aquatic organisms' life, including fish. Based on the TSI analysis, the Koto Panjang Reservoir throphic status was categorized as eutrophic to heavy eutrophic. This study recommends that relocating floating net cages is necessary so that the nutrient load will not only be concentrated in one location. The efficiency of using the feed for floating net cages could minimize the waste.

scholarly journals Problems, methods and technologies of combined 3D model construction for underwater and above-water relief

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Andrey Gachenko ◽  
Alexei Hmelnov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Reservoir Water Level ◽  
Delaunay Triangulations

In the article we describe the methods for construction of underwater 3D relief (bathymetry) and combining it with the corresponding ground relief (terrain) when the bathymetry information is of much lower quality than that of terrain. We have developed an algorithm for combining the low quality underwater relief with the higher quality ground relief using Delaunay triangulations. The resulting combined 3D model of relief has no noticeable artifacts and can be used to solve various hydrological tasks, such as computation of the HPP reservoir water level in dependence to the water discharges of the hydroelectric power plant. We have tested the technology for building combined relief 3D model in several scientific projects intended to estimate the changes in the coastline under various water flow scenarios in the basins of Angara River and Lake Baikal.

Design and Study of Hydroelectric Power Plant by Using Overshot and Undershot Waterwheels

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Jamal A. Hameed ◽  
Amer T Saeed ◽  
Mugdad H. Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Bridge Rectifier ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Harmful Effects

This article gives an idea about the operative use of waterwheels in a river flow, which offers power generation with low cost. It also defines the working principle, calculations and design, challenges and applications beside the future scope of using Overshot and undershot waterwheels. In order to cover the enlarged demand for power in rural areas of Iraq, generated hydropower from waterwheels are one of the most promising solutions to produce electricity. Modern water wheels are made from steel which promising no harmful effects on the environment. In this research, two types of water wheels (Overshot and Undershot) are used to produce the electricity through fastening the waterwheel to a generator with the support of a belt and pulley arrangement, so the electrical energy resulted from mechanical energy. The full bridge rectifier is used to transfer electricity in its most effectual form while the regulator is used to adjust the current.

scholarly journals Physical chemistry research of a concrete dam with over 50 years of operation

Cerâmica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (347) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Portella ◽  
A. Joukoski ◽  
V. Swinka Filho ◽  
M. A. Soares ◽  
E. S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Concrete Dam ◽  
Chemistry Research ◽  
Alkali Aggregate Reaction ◽  
Water Analyses ◽  
South Of Brazil

Guaricana hydroelectric power plant concrete dam, located in the South of Brazil, was investigated after 49 years of operation. A part of the mortar was altered to ettringite, and other by-products. The inner defects in the fracture and polished sample surfaces were detected by CT and SEM. The samples were extracted from two parts of the dam from top to valley. Elemental chemical composition and phases were determined by EDS and XRD analysis. The reservoir water showed that it was less aggressive to the concrete structure. Percolated dam water analyses revealed a mortar-mass loss of 3 kg/year. Onsite visual inspection, mechanical tests, and other usual forms of investigation confirmed concrete deterioration, such as leaching, stalactites and stalagmites formation, alkali-aggregate reaction and ettringite. Furthermore, mortar damage was detected in a particular area according to the dam depth, and autogenous healing of cracks were visible in some parts of the inspected galleries.

Distribution of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) in Water and Plankton on Floating Net Cage Area with Different Density at Cirata Reservoir, West Java

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dhandy Alfhian Prabangasta ◽  
Zahidah Hasan ◽  
Izza Mahdiana Apriliani ◽  
Herman Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Chemical Parameter ◽  
Cage System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Research Show

Cirata Reservoir mostly functions as a Hydroelectric Power Plant (PLTA) and the location of fish farming with the floating cage system (KJA). Utilization of reservoirs for fish culture in Cirata Reservoir has exceeded the capacity determined by the government. This causes changes in water quality in the waters of the Cirata Reservoir and affects the concentration of heavy metal lead in the waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of heavy metal lead (Pb) that exist in the KJA with different densities in the Cirata Reservoir. This research was conducted on 3 November-8 December 2019 at Cirata Reservoir with sampling stations in  Jangari, Maleber and Patokbeusi. The method used in this research is purposive sampling. The results of the physical-chemical parameter research show that the water temperature at the three stations ranges from 31.9oC-34.5oC, air temperature 27oC-32oC, transparency 53.5-76 cm, pH 6.87-7.67, CO2 8,4-16.8 mg/L, BOD 1.1-20.5 mg/L and DO 5.83-9.72 mg/L. The results of Pb measurements in water ranges from 0,001 to 0,029 mg/L. Pb measurements in plankton ranges from 0.001 to 0.039 mg/L. Pb bioconcentration factor values ​​range from 1.27 - 2.40. These              results indicate that aquatic organisms in the Cirata Reservoir can accumulate metals in their bodies.

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