scholarly journals Sanksi Pidana Adat terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Melarikan Anak Perempuan Dibawah Umur di Desa Selat Kabupaten Batanghari

Wajah Hukum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Islah Islah ◽  
Nella Octaviany Siregar ◽  
Ade Ardinata
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Unwritten Law

Special customary law of customary criminal comes from the custom of the community so it is referred to as the law born from below. Customary law as an unwritten law is the basis in determining good and bad behavior in a particular traditional society. Customary law, especially customary criminal law, has certain sanctions if one or more members of the traditional community commit irregularities or actions that are not in accordance with the norms and rules of decency (Adat Law). Article 332 of the Penal Code is understood to be taking away an immature woman with a view to mastering it, by our society is often associated with the term eloping.  Eloping itself when it is interpreted simply is between a man and a woman who performs marriage without being approved by his parents or guardians. Taking away an underage woman or child abduction is again widely talked about by the public. Cases of fleeing underage women are spread almost all over Indonesia, our concerns are becoming even greater because the victims of child abduction are the majority of underage girls. To investigate, investigate and dismantle the chain of cases that are quite complicated it takes "extra energy and spirit" because of the problems of unemployment, poverty, education, gender inequality, patriarchy culture, as well as the lack of rule of law, public awareness, and the role of the authorities in addressing the problem.

scholarly journals The Role of Radio Clinic during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Swat

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Sajjad Khan ◽  
Dr. Ghulam Safdar ◽  
Tufail Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas ◽  
Radio Programs ◽  
Almost All

The current research study aimed to explore the role of radio clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic in Swat. The study was a content analysis based and radio programs were examined that how radio programs are playing role in creating awareness among the public about the coronavirus and what sort of information is disseminating to educate the people to save themselves from this hazardous disease. Data of one month from April 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020, was collected about radio programs about the public health of Radio Pakistan Swat. Furthermore, researchers made codding sheet to categorize the data. The findings of the study showed that almost all the programs emphasized keeping social distance, regular hand washing, wearing face masks, and stay home to secure themselves from being infected from coronavirus. The overall study concluded that community radio is playing a vital role in public awareness and education especially in rural and remote areas of Pakistan.

ON EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF THERMAL AND WIND FACTORS FOR A PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE WORLD OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
V. G. Neiman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The main content of the work consists of certain systematization and addition of longexisting, but eventually deformed and partly lost qualitative ideas about the role of thermal and wind factors that determine the physical mechanism of the World Ocean’s General Circulation System (OGCS). It is noted that the conceptual foundations of the theory of the OGCS in one form or another are contained in the works of many well-known hydrophysicists of the last century, but the aggregate, logically coherent description of the key factors determining the physical model of the OGCS in the public literature is not so easy to find. An attempt is made to clarify and concretize some general ideas about the two key blocks that form the basis of an adequate physical model of the system of oceanic water masses motion in a climatic scale. Attention is drawn to the fact that when analyzing the OGCS it is necessary to take into account not only immediate but also indirect effects of thermal and wind factors on the ocean surface. In conclusion, it is noted that, in the end, by the uneven flow of heat to the surface of the ocean can be explained the nature of both external and almost all internal factors, in one way or another contributing to the excitation of the general, or climatic, ocean circulation.

The 2016 Police and Crime Commissioner elections

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the 2016 elections for Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and to compare them with those that took place in 2012. It seeks to evaluate the background of the candidates who stood for office in 2016, the policies that they put forward, the results of the contests and the implications of the 2016 experience for future PCC elections. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based around several key themes – the profile of candidates who stood for election, preparations conducted prior to the contests taking place, the election campaign and issues raised during the contests, the results and the profile of elected candidates. The paper is based upon documentary research, making particular use of primary source material. Findings The research establishes that affiliation to a political party became the main route for successful candidates in 2016 and that local issues related to low-level criminality will dominate the future policing agenda. It establishes that although turnout was higher than in 2012, it remains low and that further consideration needs to be devoted to initiatives to address this for future PCC election contests. Research limitations/implications The research focusses on the 2016 elections and identifies a number of key issues that emerged during the campaign affecting the conduct of the contests which have a bearing on future PCC elections. It treats these elections as a bespoke topic and does not seek to place them within the broader context of the development of the office of PCC. Practical implications The research suggests that in order to boost voter participation in future PCC election contests, PCCs need to consider further means to advertise the importance of the role they perform and that the government should play a larger financial role in funding publicity for these elections and consider changing the method of election. Social implications The rationale for introducing PCCs was to empower the public in each police force area. However, issues that include the enhanced importance of political affiliation as a criteria for election in 2016 and the social unrepresentative nature of those who stood for election and those who secured election to this office in these contests coupled with shortcomings related to public awareness of both the role of PCCs and the timing of election contests threaten to undermine this objective. Originality/value The extensive use of primary source material ensures that the subject matter is original and its interpretation is informed by an academic perspective.

Advantages and risks of crowdfunding as a model of financing startups and community development projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Vitalii RYSIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Capital Access

Crowdfunding as a tool for alternative financing has emerged relatively recently and is of limited use in Ukraine today. At the same time, it has significant potential, which can contribute to the implementation of a wide range of projects that for various reasons are not of interest to traditional lenders or investors. The aim of the article is to determine the benefits of crowdfunding for its participants, the peculiarities of the implementation of certain types of crowdfunding and identify risks that may be generated by them, as well as develop practical recommendations for crowdfunding campaigns by entrepreneurs and authors of community development projects. The article identifies the benefits of crowdfunding for project authors (low cost of capital, access to information and potential investors) and investors (clarity, low risks, access to new products, the ability to support creative ideas), substantiates the role of crowdfunding platforms in realizing the benefits of crowdfunding. The advantages and disadvantages of using certain types of crowdfunding are described. Recommendations for planning and implementation of the main stages of crowdfunding campaigns - idea development, target audience determination, research, communication, project budgeting, reward system development, campaign schedule development – are developed. The factors of choosing a crowdfunding platform for hosting the project are determined. The possibility of using crowdfunding for collective financing of socio-cultural projects within the public budgets of the united territorial communities is shown. The risks of using crowdfunding for project authors and potential investors are identified. Those risks are primarily related to realistic expectations and proper preparation for the fundraising campaign by project authors, as well as the lack of guarantees for investors in the event of problems or bankruptcy of the crowdfunding platform. The author highlights that the growth of public awareness about the possibilities of implementing social or business initiatives through crowdfunding platforms will contribute to the development of platforms, improvement of technological equipment, and expansion of their range of services.

An Evaluation of ICT Policy Developments in Botswana

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Segomotso Masegonyana Keakopa ◽  
Kelvin Joseph Bwalya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ict Policy

This chapter provides an evaluation of ICT policy developments in Botswana. In particular, it highlights major advancements in areas of national ICT policy development and its implementation in the country. The country’s National ICT policy, Maitlamo, has been a significant factor in driving ICTs in the country. The chapter asserts that opportunities in ICT development in the country are evidenced by not only implementation of the policy but further by greater investment of financial resources by the government and the role of the private sector. Further, the chapter argues that while implementation of the national ICT policy has brought achievements in liberalisation and expansion of public services in rural areas, there are still a number of challenges to address if universal access has to be achieved. Among these are unavailability of ICT services in rural areas, high costs of the technology and the lack of public awareness on the use of technology. Proposals made at the end of the chapter call for the government to speed implementation of ICT policy, form stronger partnerships with the public sector and further balance the role of BTC vis a vis other players so that the playing field is leveled.

scholarly journals Peran Hukum Adat Perspektif Hukum Islam Dalam Ranah Hukum Positif

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Lutfi El Falahy
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Final Word ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Written Law

Indonesia has written law in the form of positive law and law that lives in recognized societies and then becomes customary law, but recognition of customary law applies only to groups that recognize its existence, of course this is contrary to positive law that applies universally. Here the author tries to examine how the role of customary law in the formation of positive law and what its effects. The method used in this paper is a qualitative method and the approach uses library research. As a rule of law aimed at creating harmony and balance in society, the existence of customary law in a rule of law is absolutely necessary, because the rule of law as a feature of the rule of law is not a final word, but as a way to create justice in society.

scholarly journals THE PARTICIPATION OF THE PROSECUTOR IN CIVIL PROCEED-INGS AS A GUARANTEE OF ENSURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEGAL PROTECTION. SOME REMARKS

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Joanna Misztal-Konecka
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Great Caution ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Civil Matter

The role of the prosecutor in the legal system is traditionally perceived in the context of performing tasks relating to the prosecution of offences and upholding the rule of law. It is worth mentioning, however, that pursuant to Article 7 sentence 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure the prosecutor may petition to institute proceedings in any civil matter as well as participate in any pending proceedings if he considers his presence necessary to protect the rule of law, citizens’ rights or social interest. While the broad competence range of the prosecutor in civil proceedings has been assessed with high criticism in the literature on numerous occasions, it is with great caution that one should view possible tendencies towards exclusion of the prosecutor as an attendant of proceedings, without affiliation to either party, when the public interest calls for their participation. Especially in the cases where the court notifies the prosecutor of the need to participate in proceedings, one ought to conclude that it is the moment when the principle of effective legal protection becomes most fully realized through equalizing the litigious position of the parties and prevention of the occurrence of a defect which might invalidate the proceedings. The author postulates transforming notification of the need to participate in proceedings served on the prosecutor into summons for attending it.

scholarly journals Slave-women, according to Altanokhy's book" Relief after Severity: الجواري عند التنوخي من خلال كتابه الفرج بعد الشدة

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 32-19
Author(s):  
Hanadi Za'al Hindawi Hanadi Za'al Hindawi
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The Political ◽  
Household Chores ◽  
High Class ◽  
The Public ◽  
Slave Women ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Almost All

This research paper aimed at presenting the traces of Altanokhy's book (Relief after severity) from a historic, political, social and economic perspectives and methodology. upon which the author relied on texts, also, based on artistic and literary elements which reflect the political era and the characteristics of AlTanokhy's personality. The research paper deals elaborately and redundantly with the topic of slave-women. from the perspective of Altanokhy in his book "Relief after Severity". Almost all nations had the knowledge of possessing women as slaves, and this wasn't restricted only to caliphs but also by their followers, the luxurious, high -class princes and their people. Hence palaces were full of slave-women. Altanokhy,in his book, had mentioned the prices of these women and the trade of them by the merchants of slaves ,also he mentioned the places of them, which were called (homes of slaves and maids. ) The role of slave-women. was not only restricted to singing, but it exceeded to excelling in different branches of science, The Holy Qura'an , literature and poetry ,besides other household chores and serving palaces or houses including cutting wood and carrying water. Furthermore, these women had a great influence on caliphs, ministers and the public.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Adopted-Children and Biological-Children in Inheritance According to “Mbaham” Tribe The Customary Law and Islamic Law of as Well as The Role of The Notary in The Making of Inheritance Agreement

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Dikha San Mahresi ◽  
Akhmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
The Public ◽  
Biological Children

The legal system or the rules of “Mbaham” tribe customs in Fak-Fak town Papua and Islamic legal system headed for the adopted-children and biological children about the inheritance can be compared, because both of these rules can be different systems and can also be the same, especially in determining the rights of each child's portion. It also refers to a notary whose position has specific tasks to do the agreement of inheritance when the heirs want the services of a notary. The main problems of the research as follows; one, how the comparison of the adopted-children's and the biological children’s rights in inheritance according to “Mbaham” tribe customary law and Islamic law as well as the role of the public notary in the creation of the certificate. Second, what is the equality of the rights of biological  children and adopted-children in the inheritance according to the customary law of Mbahan tribe and Islamic law. Third, what is the difference of the rights of biological children and adopted children in the inheritance according to the customary law of “Mbaham” tribe and Islamic law. This research used a juridic empirical approach, with the specification research of descriptive analysis. The type and source of data which were used, namely primary and secondary data and the techniques of data gathering was the primary, secondary, and tertiary data. This research also used qualitative analysis to analyze the data. The results of this research showed that, Islamically the system was Individual, where the inheritance became the property of the class who has been defined in the provisions of Islamic law based on bilateral kinship. Being in the customs of “Mbaham” tribe was not necessarily because it could accept Islamic law as the guideline, but sometimes, it differed in accordance with custom. For the role of the public notary can be used in the manufacture of the agreement of inheritance when the heirs want to disburse the funds stored in the bank. The consequences of the law which was happened headed for the adopted-children and biological children was both still get each inheritance, but all were depended on the provisions within the follow, whether the customary law or Islamic law. The notary could give advice and help the beneficiary in the making of inheritance agreement.Keywords: Comparison; Inheritance; Notary

scholarly journals Communications, contacts, ethics and the mysterious slow death of the contemporary police reporter

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Philip Castle
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Fourth Estate ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Law ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Official Sources

This article, based on interviews, research and the author’s personal experience in the media for more than 30 years as a police/crime reporter, former Head of Public Affairs for the Australian Federal Police and journalism lecturer, will examine the unique challenges and role of  reporting police/emergency/crime journalism—how it can work and how it can break down. It will particularly examine the mostly unequal relationships between journalists and official sources where the various emergency services, notably the police, trade on releasing selected information and avoid releasing information if it is unfavourable or inconvenient. It will cover the important aspects of sources, both official and unofficial, on and off-the-record agreements, anonymous sources, ethically and unethically obtained material and the all important overriding considerations of the law including criminal processes, defamation, sub judice, jurisdictional restrictions, pre-trial publicity and trial by the media. These stories can challenge even the most experienced journalist placing demands on almost all of their skills. If done properly, journalists can fulfil the paramount responsibility of informing the public on critical matters and maintaining the media’s role of being an effective Fourth Estate.

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