scholarly journals TANGGAP TANAMAN JAGUNG TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN KALIUM DAN PEMBUATAN PARIT PADA LAHAN KERING

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Edy Edy ◽  
Didik Indradewa2 ◽  
Dja’far Shiddieq
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water management in rainfed dry land is very important to consider. Limited water on dry land can be pursued with rain harvesting technology among others, by making a furrow filled with organic matter in situ. In anticipation of drought stress during the growth period of maize given the optimum potassium fertilizer to make it more survive when low rainfall that the productivity results remain stable. This study aims to determine response of masize to potassium fertilization and treatment of furrow on improvement of maize yield on dry land. The research was conducted in the Village of Wareng, sub District of Wonosari, District of Gunungkidul Province of D.I. Yogyakarta, which take place from November 2010 - February 2011. The design used is the design of Splite plots, with the main plot is designed in a Latin Square. The main plot is the trench model consists of three standard Furrows: Without the furrow (Control, P0), Furrow (P1), Furrow+organic matter (P2). Potassium fertilization subplot is comprised of 3 levels: without potassium fertilization (control, K0), 37.5 kg KCl.ha-1 (K1) and 75 kg KCl.ha-1 (K2). To obtain 9 combined treatment was repeated 3 times. Corn varieties tested were Bima-2 Bantimurung. The results showed that the combination of furrow+ organic matter and  75 kg KCl.ha-1 can increase soil moisture between 3-17%,  plant growth rate 35-85%, water-use efficiency 33% and yield of corn per hectare 30%.

scholarly journals Influence of Fertilization on Maize in Different Nutrient Classes on Jeneponto and Gowa District, South Sulawesi Regency, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marthen P. Sirappa ◽  
Peter Tandisau, Muhtar
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Single Location ◽  
High K ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Bray 1

The field experiment was conducted on dry land in two location, that Jeneponto district and Gowa district, South Sulawesi regency by using single location approach. The aims of this research are (1) to determine the critical values of N, P and K for maize, and (2) to determine the rate of fertilizer on maize in the different classes of soil nutrient. Treatments were arrangement as a split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot were soil nutrient classes (low, moderate and high of N, P and K) and subplot were the rate of fertilizer of N, P and K. The results indicated that the critical values of total soil nitrogen for maize on Entisols (Thypic Ustorthents), Inceptisols (Oxic Haplustepts) and Vertisols (Typic Haplusterts) by using Cate-Nelson Method are 0.15, 0.15 and 0.11% N, respectively. Thus, the critical values of P and K for maize on Alfisols (Typic Rhodustalfs) are 0.32 ppm P, 85 mg P/100 g, 0.42 ppm P and 1.04 ppm P for each Mechlish, HCl 25 %, Bray-1 and Bray-2 extraction, respectively. 0.37 me K 100 g-1, 0.55 me K 100/g, 178 ppm P, 213 ppm P for each NH4OAc pH 4.8, NH4OAc pH 7, Bray-1 and Olsen extractions, respectively. Rate of nitrogen fertilizer on Entisols, Inceptisols and Vertisols soil in Jeneponto district which gave the highest maize yield reached of fertilizer 180 kg N/ha for low class, 120 - 180 kg N/ha for moderate class, and 60 - 120 kg N/ha for high class of N total, while the rate of P fertlizer for the low and moderate P class of 160 kg P/haand 40-80 kg P/ha for high P class. While the rate fertilizer of K for low K class of 80 – 160 kg K/ha, moderate K class of 40 – 80 kg K/ha, and high K class of 20 – 40 kg K/ ha on Alfisols soil in Gowa district.

scholarly journals Germination speed and flowing age of corn with the utilization of organic materials fortuned Pleurotus ostreatus dry land

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
Z Syamsiar ◽  
A Ambo ◽  
Rismaneswati ◽  
R Iradhatullah
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Main Plot

Abstract Organic matter plays an effective role in restoring soil fertility. This indicator of soil fertility lies in the organic content of the soil. One of the organic materials that have been proven to improve land quality is biochar and chicken manure. In addition, the use of Pleurotus ostreatus can increase the hormone content in organic matter. The purpose of this study was to determine the speed of germination and flowering speed of maize (Zea mays) with the application of organic matter enriched with the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. The study was structured using a Split Plot Design (RPT). The main plot is organic matter, and the subplot is the administration of Pleurotus ostreatus. The study consisted of 12 treatment combinations which were repeated 3 times to obtain 36 plots of observation units. The results showed that the application of treatment had a significant and very significant effect on the speed of germination and flowering speed of maize (Zea mays). The combination treatment of manure + biochar with 10% Pleurotus ostreatus gave the speed of germination on day 4.33 and flowering speed on day 47.33.

scholarly journals What is the digestibility and caloric value of different botanical parts in corn residue to cattle?1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3056-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A Petzel ◽  
Evan C Titgemeyer ◽  
Alexander J Smart ◽  
Kristin E Hales ◽  
Andrew P Foote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to measure rates of ruminal disappearance, and energy and nutrient availability and N balance among cows fed corn husks, leaves, or stalks. Ruminal disappearance was estimated after incubation of polyester bags containing husks, leaves or stalks in 2 separate ruminally cannulated cows in a completely randomized design. Organic matter (OM) that initially disappeared was greatest for stalks and least for husks and leaves (P < 0.01), but amounts of NDF that initially disappeared was greatest for husks, intermediate for stalks, and least for leaves (P < 0.01). Amounts of DM and OM that slowly disappeared were greatest in husks, intermediate in leaves, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). However, amounts of NDF that slowly disappeared were greatest in leaves, intermediate in husks, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). Rate of DM and OM disappearance was greater for leaves, intermediate for husks and least for stalks, but rate of NDF disappearance was greatest for stalks, intermediate for leaves, and least for husks (P < 0.01). Energy and nutrient availability in husks, leaves, or stalks were measured by feeding ruminally cannulated cows husk-, leaf-, or stalk-based diets in a replicated Latin square. Digestible energy lost as methane was less (P = 0.02) when cows were fed leaves in comparison to husks or stalks, and metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg DM) was greater (P = 0.03) when cows were fed husks and leaves compared with stalks. Heat production (Mcal/d) was not different (P = 0.74) between husks, leaves, or stalks; however, amounts of heat produced as a proportion of digestible energy intake were less (P = 0.05) among cows fed leaves in comparison to stalks or husks. Subsequently, there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for net energy available for maintenance from leaves (1.42 Mcal/kg DM) to be greater than stalks (0.91 Mcal/kg DM), and husks (1.30 Mcal/kg DM) were intermediate. Nitrogen balance was greater when cows were fed leaves, intermediate for husks, and least for stalks (P = 0.01). Total tract digestion of NDF was greater (P < 0.01) for husks and leaves compared with stalks. Husks had greater (P = 0.04) OM digestibility in comparison to stalks, and leaves were intermediate. Apparently, greater production of methane from husks in comparison to leaves limited amounts of energy available for maintenance from husks even though total-tract nutrient digestion was greatest when cows were fed husks or leaves.

scholarly journals Optimizing Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency Based on the Relationship between Leaf Area Index and Evapotranspiration

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Bo Ming ◽  
Dongping Shen ◽  
Ruizhi Xie ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Achieving optimal balance between maize yield and water use efficiency is an important challenge for irrigation maize production in arid areas. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Xinjiang China in 2016 and 2017 to quantify the response of maize yield and water use to plant density and irrigation schedules. The treatments included four irrigation levels: 360 (W1), 480 (W2), 600 (W3), and 720 mm (W4), and five plant densities: 7.5 (D1), 9.0 (D2), 10.5 (D3), 12.0 (D4), and 13.5 plants m−2 (D5). The results showed that increasing the plant density and the irrigation level could both significantly increase the leaf area index (LAI). However, LAI expansion significantly increased evapotranspiration (ETa) under irrigation. The combination of irrigation level 600 mm (W3) and plant density 12.0 plants m−2 (D4) produced the highest maize yield (21.0–21.2 t ha−1), ETa (784.1–797.8 mm), and water use efficiency (WUE) (2.64–2.70 kg m−3), with an LAI of 8.5–8.7 at the silking stage. The relationship between LAI and grain yield and evapotranspiration were quantified, and, based on this, the relationship between water use and maize productivity was analyzed. Moreover, the optimal LAI was established to determine the reasonable irrigation level and coordinate the relationship between the increase in grain yield and the decrease in water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Physiological and Yield Responses of Green-Shelled Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Grown under Restricted Irrigation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Karen Campos ◽  
Andrés R. Schwember ◽  
Daniel Machado ◽  
Mónica Ozores-Hampton ◽  
Pilar M. Gil
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
The Face ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Responses

Common bean is an important crop, consumed as green-shelled bean in several countries. In Chile, green-shelled beans are cultivated often as a dry land crop, vulnerable to drought. The objective of this study was to characterize the hydric and productive responses of four green-shelled bean genotypes subjected to deficit irrigation in order to outline production strategies in the face of increasing water scarcity. Two experiments were evaluated: one pot experiment with three irrigation treatments, supplying 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (T100), 50% (T50), and 30% (T30); and an open field experiment with two treatments: 100% (I100) and 40% of ETc (I40). Treatments were applied during reproductive stage in determinate cultivars and vegetative stage in indeterminate plants. Severe water restriction (T30 and I40) in both experiments showed a significant decrease in stomatal conductances, as well as biomass and number of grains per pod; I40 treatment also showed a reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence. Water use efficiency (WUE) was higher under water stress in field (I40), but lower on the T30 treatment from the pot experiment. Determinate cultivars showed 22.7% higher of 100-seed weight compared to indeterminate type, and, thus, higher tolerance to drought. Our results indicate that severe water stress is highly harmful in terms of yield, and a moderate controlled deficit irrigation plus the use of determinate genotypes may be a strategy for producing green-shelled bean successfully under a drought scenario.

scholarly journals Effect of Sewage Sludge Compost Usage on Corn and Faba Bean Growth, Carbon and Nitrogen Forms in Plants and Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Hassan E. Abd Elsalam ◽  
Mohamed E. El- Sharnouby ◽  
Abdallah E. Mohamed ◽  
Bassem M. Raafat ◽  
Eman H. El-Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Sewage sludge is an effective fertilizer in many soil types. When applied as an amendment, sludge introduces, in addition to organic matter, plant nutrients into the soil. When applied for cropland as a fertilizer, the mass loading of sewage sludge is customarily determined by inputs of N and/or P required to support optimal plant growth and a successful harvest. This study aims to examine the changes in organic matter contents and nitrogen forms in sludge-amended soils, as well as the growth of corn and faba bean plants. The main results indicated that there were higher responses to the corn and faba bean yields when sludge was added. Levels of organic carbon in soil were higher after maize harvest and decreased significantly after harvesting of beans, and were higher in sludge amended soils than unmodified soils, indicating the residual effect of sludge in soil. NO3−-N concentrations were generally higher in the soil after maize harvest than during the plant growth period, but this trend was not apparent in bean soil. The amounts of NH4+-N were close in the soil during the growth period or after the maize harvest, while they were higher in the soil after the bean harvest than they were during the growth period. Total nitrogen amounts were statistically higher in the soil during the growth period than those collected after the corn harvest, while they were approximately close in the bean soil. The total nitrogen amount in corn and bean leaves increased significantly in plants grown on modified sludge soil. There were no significant differences in the total nitrogen levels of the maize and beans planted on the treated soil.

SEED-ORIENTED PLANTING IMPROVES LIGHT INTERCEPTION, RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILHERME M. TORRES ◽  
ADRIAN KOLLER ◽  
RANDY TAYLOR ◽  
WILLIAM R. RAUN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYSeed-oriented planting provides a manner to influence canopy structure. The purpose of this research was to improve maize light interception using seed-oriented planting to manipulate leaf azimuth across the row thereby minimizing leaf overlap. To achieve leaf azimuths oriented preferentially across the row, seeds were planted: (i) upright with caryopsis pointed down, parallel to the row (upright); and (ii) laying flat, embryo up, perpendicular to the row (flat). These treatments were compared to conventionally planted seeds with resulting random leaf azimuth distribution. Seed orientation effects were contrasted with three levels of plant population and two levels of hybrid specific canopy structures. Increased plant population resulted in greater light interception but yield tended to decrease as plant population increased. The planophile hybrid produced consistently greater yields than the erectophile hybrid. The difference between planophile and erectophile hybrids ranged from 283 to 903 kg ha−1. Overall, mean grain yield for upright and flat seed placement increased by 351 and 463 kg ha−1 compared to random seed placement. Greater cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (CIPAR) was found for oriented seeds rather than random-oriented seeds. At physiological maturity upright, flat and random-oriented seeds intercepted 555, 525 and 521 MJ m−2 of PAR, respectively. Maize yield responded positively to improved light interception and better radiation use efficiency. Under irrigated conditions, precision planting of maize increased yield by 9 to 14% compared to random-oriented seeds.

scholarly journals Understanding nutrient imbalances in maize (Zea mays L.) using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) approach in the Maize belt of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaluddin T. Aliyu ◽  
Jeroen Huising ◽  
Alpha Y. Kamara ◽  
Jibrin M. Jibrin ◽  
Ibrahim B. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractLow nutrient use efficiency in maize as a result of imbalanced nutrition has been reported to drastically reduce yield. We implemented a nutrient omission experiment to assess the effect of nutrient application on maize yield and nutritional balance. Maize ear leaves were analyzed for nutrients, to identify nutrient balance status using the Diagnostic and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) approach. Results indicated that omission of N or P resulted in highly imbalanced DRIS indices respectively, and significantly lower grain yield. A strong inverse relationship between K ear leaf content with DRIS index suggests that K application negatively increases K imbalance in many situations. Imbalances of Mg, Ca and Cu were more associated with higher yielding treatments. A Which-Won-Where result show that nutrient imbalances in the diagnosis were systematically frequent when N was omitted. All the diagnosed nutrients were imbalanced even under the highest yielding NPKZn treatment; indicating further opportunity for yield increase with more balanced nutrition. Balanced nutrition of maize in the maize belt of Nigeria should target application of varying rates of N, P, K, Mg, S and Zn, depending on the soil conditions. But, because of complexities of nutrient interactions during uptake, it is hardly possible to realize a balanced nutrition. However, differentiating the application of antagonistic nutrients into foliar or soil-based methods is recommended for a more balanced maize nutrition.

The effect of different proportions of hay and fortified rolled barley in the diet on digestible-energy value and urinary-energy excretion by cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Raven
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Concentrate Treatment

SUMMARYA 6 x 6 Latin Square balance experiment was carried out using six Friesian steers, each of which initially weighed about 304 kg. The six treatments studied were an all-hay diet and five other diets containing 20,40,60,80 and 100 % of rolled barley fortified with mineral and vitamin supplements, accompanied by correspondingly reduced proportions of hay. Each diet was fed at an estimated maintenance level of feeding.The progressive increase in the proportion of concentrate gave a significantly linear increase (P < 0·001) in both digestible and calculated metabolizable energy. The actual increase in digestible energy was from 2·62Mcal/kg dry matter (59·3% of the gross energy) on the all-hay treatment to 3·42 Mcal/kg dry matter (79·5% of the gross energy) on the all-concentrate treatment. Use of the determined digestible energy values for the all-hay and fortified barley diets to calculate the digestible energy of the four mixed diets gave results in reasonably good agreement with the determined values, the maximum difference being 0·12 Mcal/kg dry matter, which represented 3·83 % of the determined value. The losses of energy in the urine expressed as percentages of the gross energy of the diets showed a small but significantly linear decrease (P < 0·01) with increase in proportion of barley in the diet. The molar proportions of steamvolatile acids in samples of rumen fluid taken from two animals on each treatment indicated that increase in the proportion of concentrate was associated with tendencies for increase in acetic acid, decrease in propionic acid and little change in butyric acid. The mean digestibility of the organic matter was 62·6 % on the all-hay treatment and 81·8 % on the all concentrate treatment. The progressive increase in the proportion of concentrate gave a significantly linear increase (P < 0·001) in digestibility of the organic matter. Although intakes of nitrogen decreased with increase in the proportion of concentrate due to a decrease in the amount of dry matter fed, the weights of nitrogen retained were well maintained and when expressed as percentages of intake showed a significantly linear increase (P < 0·01).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document