Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as Antimicrobial Biocomposite Film: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Adriana Yazik ◽  
Nur Azira Tukiran
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Biocomposite Film

Packaging is a critical process in the food industry because it is used to prevent spoilage, extend shelf-life, and provide an attractive presentation of the food product. Plastic packaging is used all over the world, and its production is increasing year after year. It comes in a variety of colours and designs. However, it has caused serious environmental problems, particularly to the ocean that has become a place for discarded plastic packaging. To address this issue, biodegradable packaging was developed to replace the use of plastic packaging because it helps to reduce environmental impact and waste management costs. Biodegradable packaging is also known as environmentally friendly packaging because it can be degraded into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass by microorganisms, algae, fungi, as well as enzyme catalysts. Biodegradable biocomposite film such as starch, cellulose, chitosan, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is required to produce biodegradable packaging. Therefore, this paper aims to characterize PVA as a biocomposite film in biodegradable packaging. PVA has excellent properties to form films, as well as biodegradable, abundant in the environment, and cost-effective. However, it has some limitations in terms of thickness and mechanical properties; thus, the incorporation of PVA with essential oils and fiber is required to improve its mechanical properties, thickness, and provide antimicrobial properties to the packaging. 

Preparation and Characterization of Starch/PVA Blend for Biodegradable Packaging Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Parvin ◽  
Md. Arifur Rahman ◽  
Jahid M.M. Islam ◽  
Mubarak A. Khan ◽  
A.H.M. Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Soil And Water

Polymer films of rice starch/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by casting method. Different blends were made varying the concentration of rice starch and PVA. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) of the prepared films were studied. Films made up of rice starch and PVA with a ratio of 2:8 showed highest TS. 10% sugar was added with highest TS giving four composition of Starch/PVA blend in order to increase TS and Eb. Films made up of rice starch and PVA and sugar with a ratio of 1:8:1 showed highest TS and Eb and the recorded value was 14.96MPa and 637% respectively. The physico-mechanical properties of the prepared sugar incorporated films were improved by grafting with acrylic monomer with the aid of UV radiation. A formulation was prepared with monomer, methylmethacrylat in methanol, and a photo initiator. The highest TS of the grafted films were recorded and the value was 16.38 MPa. The water uptake and weight loss in both soil and water of the grafted films are lower than the non-grafted films. The prepared films were further characterized with stereo micrograph and XRD. Finally, the produced film can be used as biodegradable packaging materials for shopping and garbage bags that are very popular and environment friendly.

Development of New Low Cost Discontinuously Reinforced Titanium Composites for Commercial Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. García de Cortázar ◽  
Javier Goñi ◽  
J. Coleto ◽  
I. Agote ◽  
P. Egizabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Applications

A new cost effective process to produce discontinuously reinforced (TiB) TMCs has been developed. The article presents general features of the composites, microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties. The production and characterization of two potential commercial applications are also discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of the mechanical properties of qPlus sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Berger ◽  
Martin Švec ◽  
Martin Müller ◽  
Martin Ledinský ◽  
Antonín Fejfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tungsten Wire ◽  
Thermal Noise ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Noise Spectrum ◽  
Theory Of Elasticity ◽  
Ambient Conditions

In this paper we present a comparison of three different methods that can be used for estimating the stiffness of qPlus sensors. The first method is based on continuum theory of elasticity. The second (Cleveland’s method) uses the change in the eigenfrequency that is induced by the loading of small masses. Finally, the stiffness is obtained by analysis of the thermal noise spectrum. We show that all three methods give very similar results. Surprisingly, neither the gold wire nor the gluing give rise to significant changes of the stiffness in the case of our home-built sensors. Furthermore we describe a fast and cost-effective way to perform Cleveland’s method. This method is based on gluing small pieces of a tungsten wire; the mass is obtained from the volume of the wire, which is measured by optical microscopy. To facilitate detection of oscillation eigenfrequencies under ambient conditions, we designed and built a device for testing qPlus sensors.

Effect of Increasing Polyvinyl Alcohol Content on the Porous Structure and Mechanical Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Hybrids Foams

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agda Aline Rocha de Oliveira ◽  
R.L. Oréfice ◽  
Herman S. Mansur ◽  
Marivalda Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Hybrid Foams

Bioactive glass/polymer hybrids are promising materials for biomedical applications because they combine the bioactivity of these bioceramics with the flexibility of polymers. In previous work hybrid foams with 80% bioactive glass and 20% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by the sol-gel process for application as scaffold for bone tissue engineering. In this work it was evaluated the effect of increasing the PVA content of the hybrids on structural characteristics and mechanical properties of hybrid foams produced by this method. The hybrids were prepared with inorganic phase composition of 70%SiO2-30%CaO and PVA fractions of 20 to 60% by the sol-gel method. The structural and mechanical characterization of the obtained foams was done by FTIR, SEM, Helium Picnometry, and compression tests. To reduce the acidic character of the hybrids due to the catalysts added, different neutralization solutions were tested. The immersion of hybrids in a calcium acetate solution was the most adequate neutralization method, avoiding calcium loss while maintaining pH nearly 7,0 and low PVA loss. The foams presented porosity of 60-85% and pore diameters of 100-500μm with interconnected structure. The pore structure varied with the polymer content in the hybrid. The compression tests showed that an increase of PVA fraction in the hybrids improved their mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Preparation of polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite and characterization of its mechanical and antibacterial properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Khoshkbar Sadeghi ◽  
Maryam Farbodi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Nanocomposite Film ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Silver Nanocomposite ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractIn the present research, polyaniline is used as a conducting polymer and polyvinyl alcohol is also used as a biopolymer, because of its mechanical properties and suitable processability. Also, silver nanoparticles are considered as a reinforcing agent of thermal stability, mechanical and antibacterial properties to prepare polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite. The synthesis of polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol composite and polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite is performed through addition of polyaniline and silver in polyvinyl alcohol solution. In order to review thermal, mechanical and antibacterial properties of synthesized composite and nanocomposites, components with different weight rates are used. The obtained results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests also indicate promotion of thermal stability of polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite compared with pure polyvinyl alcohol in temperatures above 400°C. The results of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of polyaniline, polyvinyl alcohol and silver in the structure of polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver triple nanocomposite film. The obtained results from a review of antibacterial properties showed that polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposites have antibacterial effects on two different types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The obtained results from a review of mechanical properties of nanocomposites showed that the greatest value of tensile strength (13.8 MPa) belonged to polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver (88%/9%/3% w/w) nanocomposites. Therefore, this is determined as an optimal triple nanocomposite. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) system was used to characterize the composition and structure of polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite film.

Preparation and Characterization of Starch Acetate/Polyvinyl Alcohol Foams

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
Xian Zhong Mo ◽  
Jian Bo Jiang ◽  
Xue Mei Huang ◽  
Feng Nv Yu ◽  
Jiang Ying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Bubble Distribution

The starch-based foam was preprared by moulding process and studied the effects on the density, mechanical properties, hardness and water absorption capacity of the foams with different polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) contents. The microstructure and crystallization of the foam was observed through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the addition of PVA could better improve the material mechanical properties, the elongation at break was increased from 15.72% to 113.86% while the hardness was reduced from 37.3 to 16.7. The density of foam reached to the minimum value of 0.261 g/cm3, attaining to the maximum tensile strength of 1.08 Mpa. SEM and XRD showed that the compatility of starch and PVA was very good and the addition of PVA helped to improve the bubble distribution of foam and inhibit the retrogradation of starch granules.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of a Bioartificial Polymeric System (Scaffold) Made of Chitosan and Polyvinyl Alcohol with Potential in the Viability of Bones Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Ramirez Tarazona ◽  
Juan Ochoa Melo ◽  
Julian Ángel García ◽  
Andres Bernal Ballén ◽  
Hugo R. Segura Puello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Mtt Tests ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Scaffolds are widely used in tissue engineering because their manufacture is based on natural and synthetic polymers, which allows them to have properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, creating an ideal environment for cell growth on their surface. In this context, among the polymers studied in Tissue Engineering are Chitosan (CH) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). CH is a versatile polymer obtained from de-acetylation of chitin, which is used for its high biodegradability and biocompatibility, although its mechanical properties must be improved. It has been found that one of the ways to improve the mechanical properties of CH is to mix it with other synthetic polymers such as PVA. PVA is known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, zero toxicity and ease of preparation due to its solubility in water and excellent mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and ease in the formation of films and barriers. In this study we evaluated the capacity of scaffolds made with CH and PVA in different concentrations (2: 1, 1: 1, 1: 2, respectively) as a possible application in bone regeneration. This was made through different characterization tests such as Infrared Spectroscopy, AFM, Swelling test and Porosity test, where we obtained information about its structural and physicochemical properties. Additionally, a cellular quality control was performed on the material through the MTT assay. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study showed that there are strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol molecules. The Swelling and Porosity tests showed favorable results, obtaining maximum values ​​of 5519% and 72.17% respectively. MTT tests determined that the prepared materials are not cytotoxic. These findings suggest that scaffolds possess properties suitable for use in Tissue Engineering.

scholarly journals Characterization of Collagen/Beta Glucan Hydrogels Crosslinked with Tannic Acid

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3412
Author(s):  
Marta Michalska-Sionkowska ◽  
Oliwia Warżyńska ◽  
Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska ◽  
Krzysztof Łukowicz ◽  
Anna Maria Osyczka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Atp Level

Hydrogels based on collagen/β-glucan crosslinked with tannic acid were obtained by neutralization using dialysis. The presence of tannic acid allowed obtaining stable hydrogel materials with better mechanical properties. Tannic acid was released from matrices gradually and not rapidly. The antioxidant properties of the obtained hydrogels increased over the course of their incubation in culture media and were dependent on the concentration of tannic acid in the matrices. The obtained materials influenced dehydrogenase activity and the ATP level of pathogens. Additionally, the materials’ extracts improved the HaCaT cells’ viability. Therefore, the obtained hydrogels seem to be promising biocompatible materials which display antimicrobial properties.

scholarly journals Development of a polymer composition to protect textile material from bio-damage

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
A. Burkitbay ◽  
V. M. Satayeva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Textile Materials

The article presents a method for increasing the microbiological resistance of textile materials under operating conditions. Studies were conducted using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), maleic acid (MA) and a solution of silver ions (SI). This fabric was treated with an dressing composition to improve the antimicrobial properties of the textile material. In addition, research has been conducted to identify the physical and mechanical properties of samples treated with different concentrations of dressing composition, to prevent negative effects on the protection function and practicality of wear. The study revealed the most optimal concentrations of the composition components: PVA - 8 g/l, SI - 50 ml/l, MA - 5 g/l.

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