scholarly journals Overexpression of full-length and partial DREB2A enhances soybean drought tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Renata Fuganti Pagliarini ◽  
Juliane Prela Marinho ◽  
Mayla Daiane Correa Molinari ◽  
Juliana Marcolino-Gomes ◽  
André Luís Hartmann Caranhoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Osmotic Treatment

Soybean is an important commodity worldwide. Abiotic conditions can adversely disturb crop growth and final yield. The transcription factor Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding Proteins 2 (DREB2) act as a regulator of drought-responses. This study aimed to characterize soybean plants genetically modified with GmDREB2A;2 FL and GmDREB2A;2 CA for molecular, physiological, and agronomic responses, at different developmental periods. Results showed that seedlings from GmDREB2A;2 FL event presented lower growth reduction under osmotic treatment during germination. The GmDREB2A;2 FL and GmDREB2A;2 CA events showed improved performance in experiments of water deficit imposed in the vegetative period and higher rates in physiological parameters. In the reproductive period, there was a trend of higher yield compounds in GM GmDREB2A;2 FL event when compared to other genotypes and treatments. It was suggested that GmDREB2A;2 FL event presented superior performance due to the higher expression levels of the cisgene and drought-induced genes.

scholarly journals Adaptive aspects of impulsivity and interactions with effects of catecholaminergic agents in the 5-choice serial reaction time task: implications for ADHD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Toschi ◽  
Mona El-Sayed Hervig ◽  
Parisa Moazen ◽  
Maximilian G. Parker ◽  
Jeffrey W. Dalley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Serial Reaction Time Task ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Serial Reaction Time ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
Behavioural Profile ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract Background Work in humans has shown that impulsivity can be advantageous in certain settings. However, evidence for so-called functional impulsivity is lacking in experimental animals. Aims This study investigated the contexts in which high impulsive (HI) rats show an advantage in performance compared with mid- (MI) and low impulsive (LI) rats. We also assessed the effects of dopaminergic and noradrenergic agents to investigate underlying neurotransmitter mechanisms. Methods We tested rats on a variable inter-trial interval (ITI) version of the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). Rats received systemic injections of methylphenidate (MPH, 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg), atomoxetine (ATO, 0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg), amphetamine (AMPH, 0.2 mg/kg), the alpha-2a adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole (ATI, 0.3 mg/kg) and the alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PHEN, 1 mg/kg) prior to behavioural testing. Results Unlike LI rats, HI rats exhibited superior performance, earning more reinforcers, on short ITI trials, when the task required rapid responding. MPH, AMPH and ATI improved performance on short ITI trials and increased impulsivity in long ITI trials, recapitulating the behavioural profile of HI. In contrast, ATO and PHEN impaired performance on short ITI trials and decreased impulsivity, thus mimicking the behavioural profile of LI rats. The effects of ATO were greater on MI rats and LI rats. Conclusions These findings indicate that impulsivity can be advantageous when rapid focusing and actions are required, an effect that may depend on increased dopamine neurotransmission. Conversely, activation of the noradrenergic system, with ATO and PHEN, led to a general inhibition of responding.

A New Concept of a Two-Dimensional Supersonic Relative Inlet Mach Number Compressor Cascade

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyotaka Sonoda ◽  
Markus Olhofer ◽  
Toshiyuki Arima ◽  
Bernhard Sendhoff
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Pressure Loss Coefficient ◽  
Supersonic Inlet ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Total Pressure Loss Coefficient

In this study, a numerical shape optimization method based on evolutionary algorithms coupled with a verified CFD solver has been applied to the ambitious target of a shock free 2-D supersonic inlet Mach number compressor cascade. The study is based on the DLR-PAV-1.5 supersonic compressor cascade designed by the pre-compression blading concept. The DLR cascade airfoil has been optimized using a verified CFD code. A superior performance of the optimized supersonic cascade with about 24% reduction of the total pressure loss coefficient compared to the original cascade has been realized. The flow mechanisms observable around the blade with improved performance and the resulting design concept are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Sparse Signal Recovery from Modulo Observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viraj Shah ◽  
Chinmay Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Signal Reconstruction ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Signal Recovery ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sparsity Constraints ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract We consider the problem of reconstructing a signal from under-determined modulo observations (or measurements). This observation model is inspired by a (relatively) less well-known imaging mechanism called modulo imaging, which can be used to extend the dynamic range of imaging systems; variations of this model have also been studied under the category of phase unwrapping. Signal reconstruction in the under-determined regime with modulo observations is a challenging ill-posed problem, and existing reconstruction methods cannot be used directly. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to solving the inverse problem limited to two modulo periods, inspired by recent advances in algorithms for phase retrieval under sparsity constraints. We show that given a sufficient number of measurements, our algorithm perfectly recovers the underlying signal and provides improved performance over other existing algorithms. We also provide experiments validating our approach on both synthetic and real data to depict its superior performance.

Finding an optimal blade-profile to improving the performance of partially admitted turbines

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-877
Author(s):  
Reza Aghaei Togh ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Numerical Tests ◽  
Large Pressure ◽  
Partial Admission ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Design Calculations

Purpose This paper aims to present the designing and investigating various types of impulse blade profiles to find the optimal profile that has better performance than the first or original blade. The studied model is a turbine with an output power below 1 MW and a large pressure ratio up to 20, which is used to gain relatively high specific work output. As a result of its low mass flow rate, the turbine is used under partial-admission conditions. The turbine’s stator is a group of convergence–divergence nozzles that provide supersonic flow. Design/methodology/approach More than 10 types of two-dimensional blade profiles were designed using the developed preliminary design calculations and numerical analysis. The numerical results are validated using the existing experimental results. Finally, the case with improved performance is introduced as the final optimum case. Findings It was found that the performance parameters such as efficiency, power and torque are increased by more than 8% in the selected best model, in comparison with the original model. Moreover, the total pressure loss is 12% decreased for the selected model. Finally, the selected profile with superior performance is proposed. Originality/value Simultaneous numerical tests are conducted to examine the interaction of different supersonic blade profiles with the partially injected flow to the rotor.

Enhanced Photoluminescence Properties of Low-Dimensional Eu3+-Activated Y4Al2O9 Phosphor Compared to Bulk for Solid-State Lighting Applications and Latent Fingerprint Detection-Based Forensic Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1422-1430
Author(s):  
Antika Das ◽  
Subhajit Saha ◽  
Karamjyoti Panigrahi ◽  
Uttam Kumar Ghorai ◽  
Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Optical Excitation ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Solvothermal Reaction ◽  
Latent Fingerprint ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Enhanced Photoluminescence ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Low Dimensional

AbstractIn recent years, nanoscale phosphors have become vital in optoelectronic applications and to understand the improved performance of nanophosphors over bulk material, detailed investigation is essential. Herein, trivalent europium-activated Y4Al2O9 phosphors were developed by solid-state reaction and solvothermal reaction methods and their performance as a function of their dimension was studied for various applications. Under 394 nm optical excitation, the photoluminescence (PL) emission, excited state lifetime of the nanophosphor, exhibits greater performance than its bulk counterpart. The homogeneous spherical structure of the nanophosphors as compared with solid lumps of bulk phosphors is the basis for almost 40% of the enhancement in nanophosphors' intense red emission compared to the bulk. Moreover, the thermal stability of the nanophosphor is much better than the bulk phosphor, which clearly indicates a key advantage of nanophosphor. The superior performance of Eu3+-doped Y4Al2O9 nanophosphors over their bulk counterparts has been demonstrated for industrial phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes and visualization of latent fingerprint.

Comparison of Single- and Dual-Polarization–Based Rainfall Estimates Using NEXRAD Data for the NASA Iowa Flood Studies Project

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1658-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong-Chul Seo ◽  
Brenda Dolan ◽  
Witold F. Krajewski ◽  
Steven A. Rutledge ◽  
Walter Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Rain Rate ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Dual Polarization ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Colorado State University ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Rainfall Estimates

Abstract This study compares and evaluates single-polarization (SP)- and dual-polarization (DP)-based radar-rainfall (RR) estimates using NEXRAD data acquired during Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS), a NASA GPM ground validation field campaign carried out in May–June 2013. The objective of this study is to understand the potential benefit of the DP quantitative precipitation estimation, which selects different rain-rate estimators according to radar-identified precipitation types, and to evaluate RR estimates generated by the recent research SP and DP algorithms. The Iowa Flood Center SP (IFC-SP) and Colorado State University DP (CSU-DP) products are analyzed and assessed using two high-density, high-quality rain gauge networks as ground reference. The CSU-DP algorithm shows superior performance to the IFC-SP algorithm, especially for heavy convective rains. We verify that dynamic changes in the proportion of heavy rain during the convective period are associated with the improved performance of CSU-DP rainfall estimates. For a lighter rain case, the IFC-SP and CSU-DP products are not significantly different in statistical metrics and visual agreement with the rain gauge data. This is because both algorithms use the identical NEXRAD reflectivity–rain rate (Z–R) relation that might lead to substantial underestimation for the presented case.

scholarly journals Seasonal and multiannual dynamics of sedentary species populations of hunting interest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatol Savin ◽  
◽  
Oleg Ciocoi ◽  
Mihail Scerbliuc ◽  
Gheorghe Grosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Grey Partridge ◽  
Small Game ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Number Dynamics

The aim of the research was to study the number dynamics of the populations of dominant sedentary species of hunting interest as a theoretical context in arguing sustainable measures for the management of economic interest fauna. The studies between 2000-2021 shows that after a period of depression in the populations of sedentary species of hunting interest in 2004-2012 there is an increase from 2016-2017 till present of reproductive stocks in all studied species on average by 95%. The losses in the cold period of the year varied depending on the climatic conditions of the cold period of the year, as well as the age structure at the end of the reproductive period: for the hare between 14% and 30%, with an average of 23%; in grey partridge from 56% to 71% and in pheasant they fluctuate between 48% and 56% of the autumn number, being lower in warm winters (37%). Analyzing the dynamics of annual increases in sedentary small game species in different climatic conditions, it was found that arid conditions during nesting and offspring growth, decrease annual increases by 143% in pheasants, 122% in hares, and only 74% in partridges, which is a species less dependent on aridizations in the vegetative period.

scholarly journals Carbon-Based Fibrous EDLC Capacitors and Supercapacitors

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lekakou ◽  
O. Moudam ◽  
F. Markoulidis ◽  
T. Andrews ◽  
J. F. Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Multiwall Carbon ◽  
Carbon Based

This paper investigates electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) including two alternative types of carbon-based fibrous electrodes, a carbon fibre woven fabric (CWF) and a multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode, as well as hybrid CWF-CNT electrodes. Two types of separator membranes were also considered. An organic gel electrolyte PEO-LiCIO4-EC-THF was used to maintain a high working voltage. The capacitor cells were tested in cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge, and impedance tests. The best separator was a glass fibre-fine pore filter. The carbon woven fabric electrode and the corresponding supercapacitor exhibited superior performance per unit area, whereas the multiwall carbon nanotube electrode and corresponding supercapacitor demonstrated excellent specific properties. The hybrid CWF-CNT electrodes did not show a combined improved performance due to the lack of carbon nanotube penetration into the carbon fibre fabric.

Effect of short-term waterlogging applied at various growth phases on growth, development and yield in Vigna unguiculata

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. UMAHARAN ◽  
R. P. ARIYANAYAGAM ◽  
S. Q. HAQUE
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Branch Ratio ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Total Growth

The effects of short-term waterlogging during the vegetative, reproductive and total growth phases were investigated in four cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in relation to their controls in a pot experiment conducted at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, in 1989. All cultivars were able to recover completely and produce near to normal yields, when waterlogging was confined to the vegetative period. Recovery growth was affected in cultivars waterlogged during the total growth phase and the plants were significantly smaller (P < 0·05) in vegetative dry matter (60–80% of the size of their respective controls) even at maturity. Recovery growth was affected, to a greater extent, in cultivars possessing a small mainstem[ratio ]branch ratio. Yield development in the waterlogged plants was affected by accelerated leaf senescence and consequent reduction in the reproductive period. As a result, yields in all the cultivars tested were significantly smaller (P < 0·05) than their respective controls and varied between 54 and 60% of the controls. Plants waterlogged during the reproductive phase were not significantly different (P < 0·05) in vegetative dry matter from the controls, but showed root degeneration and accelerated leaf senescence in all but one cultivar (Local Red). Yield reduction, however, was significant (P < 0·05) only in IT-83S-898. Possible criteria for selecting plants tolerant to waterlogging are discussed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SISTEM OLAH TANAH TERHADAP TOTAL BAKTERI TANAH PADA PERTANAMAN KEDELAI MUSIM TANAM KEDUA SETELAH PERTANAMAN JAGUNG DI LAHAN BEKAS ALANG-ALANG (Imperata cylindrica. L)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardy Mahendra Saragih ◽  
Dermiyati Dermiyati ◽  
Henrie Buchari ◽  
M. A. Syamsul Arif
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Plants

This study aims to determine the effect of tillage systems on Imperata grasslands are used as a soybean crop after the second growing season maize to total soil bacteria. The research this performed using by randomized block design (RBD) with three treatments tillage systems namely: TOT = No Tillage, OTM = Minimum Tillage, OTI = Intensive Tillage, with six replications. Soil samples were taken two weeks before tillage, one day after tillage, vegetative the maximum, and one day before harvest soybean plants. Soybean crop is used as an indicator of response to the treatment applied. The data obtained were tested homogeneity with Bartlett test and additivity tested by Tukey’s test. Test the correlation between the main variables of total soil bacteria with supporting variable pH, C-organic, N-total, temperature, and soil moisture. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by LSD test 5%. Tillage treatments were not significantly different to the total bacteria in the soil two weeks before the observation tillage, one day after tillage, vegetative period and the maximum one day before harvest soybean plants. There is a correlation between soil pH (HO) with total soil bacteria in the observation of one day before harvest soybean plants.

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