scholarly journals The potential of 5G in commercial shipping

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. Manuscript
Author(s):  
Nitin Agarwala ◽  
Surya SK Guduru
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Future Work

The buzz about the 5G technology has been going on for a few years now. The technology even before its inception has had its fair share of controversy with concerns over its influence on the environment and national security. Recently, some conspiracy theories branded 5G as the primary cause of COVID-19. As the technology develops, one realises that 5G has many positives and potential in the field of mobile communication. To tap this potential, 5G is being simultaneously developed by many companies globally. Unlike earlier generations of mobile communication, 5G offers numerous benefits when adopted in the maritime domain. Hence, technologically advanced nations are experimenting with the use of 5G in shipping, ports and shipbuilding. While the understanding of the 5G technology is still at the nascent stage for most of us, this article aims to discuss the potential of 5G in commercial shipping by discussing the pros and cons associated with this technology. The article overall aims to provide a start point for future work and studies on the use of this technology in the maritime industry and by no means is considered a ‘one-stop’ solution to the problems of commercial shipping.

We're Still Here

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Face ◽  
Depth Interviews

The economy has been brutal to American workers. The chance to provide a better life for one’s children—the promise at the heart of the American Dream—is slipping away. In the face of soaring economic inequality and mounting despair, we might expect struggling Americans to rise up together and demand their fair share of opportunity. And yet, the groups who stand to gain the most from collective mobilization appear the least motivated to act in their own self-interest. This book examines why disadvantaged people disable themselves politically. Drawing on in-depth interviews with over one hundred black, white, and Puerto Rican residents in a declining coal town in Pennsylvania, We’re Still Here demonstrates that many working-class people are fiercely critical of growing inequality and of the politicians who have failed to protect them from poverty, exploitation, and social exclusion. However, the institutions that historically mediated between personal suffering and collective political struggle have not only become weak, but have become sites of betrayal. In response, working-class people turn inward, cultivating individualized strategies for triumphing over pain. Convinced that democratic processes are rigged in favor of the wealthy, they search for meaning in internet conspiracy theories or the self-help industry—solitary strategies that turn them inward, or turn them against each other. But as visions of a broken America unite people across gender, race, and age, they also give voice to upended hierarchies, creative re-imaginings of economic justice, and yearnings to be part of a collective whole.

scholarly journals Qualifying the Sustainability of Novel Designs and Existing Solutions for Post-Disaster and Post-Conflict Sheltering

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Alshawawreh ◽  
Francesco Pomponi ◽  
Bernardino D’Amico ◽  
Susan Snaddon ◽  
Peter Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Post Disaster

During the course of 2018, 70.8 million people globally were forcibly displaced due to natural disasters and conflicts—a staggering increase of 2.9 million people compared to the previous year’s figure. Displaced people cluster in refugee camps which have very often the scale of a medium-sized city. Post-disaster and post-conflict (PDPC) sheltering therefore represents a vitally important element for both the short- and long-term wellbeing of the displaced. However, the constrained environment which dominates PDPC sheltering often results in a lack of consideration of sustainability dimensions. Neglecting sustainability has severe practical consequences on both people and the environment, and in the long run it also incurs higher costs. It is therefore imperative to quickly transfer to PDPC sheltering where sustainability considerations are a key element of the design and decision-making processes. To facilitate such transition, this article reviews both ‘existing solutions’ and ‘novel designs’ for PDPC sheltering against the three pillars of sustainability. Both clusters are systematically categorized, and pros and cons of solutions and designs are identified. This provides an overview of the attempts made so far in different contexts, and it highlights what worked and what did not. This article represents a stepping-stone for future work in this area, to both facilitate and accelerate the transition to sustainable sheltering.

scholarly journals A Technical Review of Convolutional Neural Network-Based Mammographic Breast Cancer Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Zou ◽  
Shaode Yu ◽  
Tiebao Meng ◽  
Zhicheng Zhang ◽  
Xiaokun Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Future Work

This study reviews the technique of convolutional neural network (CNN) applied in a specific field of mammographic breast cancer diagnosis (MBCD). It aims to provide several clues on how to use CNN for related tasks. MBCD is a long-standing problem, and massive computer-aided diagnosis models have been proposed. The models of CNN-based MBCD can be broadly categorized into three groups. One is to design shallow or to modify existing models to decrease the time cost as well as the number of instances for training; another is to make the best use of a pretrained CNN by transfer learning and fine-tuning; the third is to take advantage of CNN models for feature extraction, and the differentiation of malignant lesions from benign ones is fulfilled by using machine learning classifiers. This study enrolls peer-reviewed journal publications and presents technical details and pros and cons of each model. Furthermore, the findings, challenges and limitations are summarized and some clues on the future work are also given. Conclusively, CNN-based MBCD is at its early stage, and there is still a long way ahead in achieving the ultimate goal of using deep learning tools to facilitate clinical practice. This review benefits scientific researchers, industrial engineers, and those who are devoted to intelligent cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals Articular Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritis

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Roseti ◽  
Giovanna Desando ◽  
Carola Cavallo ◽  
Mauro Petretta ◽  
Brunella Grigolo
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Osteoarthritis Treatment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Articular Cartilage Regeneration

There has been considerable advancement over the last few years in the treatment of osteoarthritis, common chronic disease and a major cause of disability in older adults. In this pathology, the entire joint is involved and the regeneration of articular cartilage still remains one of the main challenges, particularly in an actively inflammatory environment. The recent strategies for osteoarthritis treatment are based on the use of different therapeutic solutions such as cell and gene therapies and tissue engineering. In this review, we provide an overview of current regenerative strategies highlighting the pros and cons, challenges and opportunities, and we try to identify areas where future work should be focused in order to advance this field.

Comparative uncertainty analysis of copper loads in stormwater systems using GLUE and grey-box modeling

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lindblom ◽  
H. Madsen ◽  
P.S. Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Stormwater Pollution ◽  
Made In

In this paper two attempts to assess the uncertainty involved with model predictions of copper loads from stormwater systems are made. In the first attempt, the GLUE methodology is applied to derive model parameter sets that result in model outputs encompassing a significant number of the measurements. In the second attempt the conceptual model is reformulated to a grey-box model followed by parameter estimation. Given data from an extensive measurement campaign, the two methods suggest that the output of the stormwater pollution model is associated with significant uncertainty. With the proposed model and input data, the GLUE analysis show that the total sampled copper mass can be predicted within a range of ±50% of the median value (385 g), whereas the grey-box analysis showed a prediction uncertainty of less than ±30%. Future work will clarify the pros and cons of the two methods and furthermore explore to what extent the estimation can be improved by modifying the underlying accumulation-washout model.

scholarly journals Imagined Communities and Imaginary Plots: Nationalisms, Conspiracies, and Pandemics in the Longue Durée

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Siniša Malešević
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Religious Other ◽  
Religiously Based ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Reliable Sign

Abstract The outbreaks of major pandemics have historically been associated with the proliferation of conspiracy theories. This article explores what role conspiratorial narratives have played in the development of different “imagined communities” in the premodern, modern, and contemporary worlds. I argue that premodern conspiratorial narratives were mostly focused on eschatological and theological images, aiming to blame and delegitimise the religious Other. In these imaginary plots, spread of disease was interpreted as an attack on one’s religious beliefs. The prevalence of religious conspiracies helped reinforce religiously based, yet temporary, “imagined communities.” With the rise of nation-states and the decline of empires and patrimonial kingdoms, the periodic outbursts of epidemics gradually attained more nationalist interpretations. Hence in the modern era, pandemics often triggered the growth of nationalist conspiracies. In these narratives the threatening Other was usually nationalised, and even traditional religious groups became reinterpreted as a threat to one’s national security. In recent times, new technologies and modes of communication have created space for the emergence of global conspiracy theories. The onset of Covid-19 has been associated with the dramatic expansion of such conspiracies. Some scholars have interpreted this as a reliable sign that nation-states and nationalisms have lost their dominance. However, this article shows that many global conspiracies in fact reinforce nationalist ideas and practices and, in this process, foster the perpetuation of national imagined communities.

Application of Mathematical Modeling for the Secure and Intelligent Energy Infrastructure

2017 ◽  
pp. 879-885
Author(s):  
Tianxing Cai
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
National Security ◽  
Energy Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Map Generation ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Scientific Strategy ◽  
Future Work

The unpredictable damage caused by potential attack and natural disaster may impact the operation of energy infrastructure, which is vital to local and national security. Thus, mathematical modeling based decision making tools become a must, because they can provide the scientific strategy to enhance the security and intelligence of energy infrastructure. In this chapter, the preliminary framework of a mathematical model is introduced. It includes the definition and characterization of energy network with the capability of self-recovery and the efficacy of the road map generation to handle the uncertainty of identified damage. The new methodology is the preliminary study for the future work in this field.

scholarly journals A Method to Account for Personnel Risk Attitudes in System Design and Maintenance Activity Development

Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Rathwell ◽  
Douglas L. Van Bossuyt ◽  
Anthony Pollman ◽  
Joseph Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
System Components ◽  
Engineering Practices ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New System

Systems engineering practices in the maritime industry and the Navy consider operational availability as a system attribute determined by system components and a maintenance concept. A better understanding of the risk attitudes of system operators and maintainers may be useful in understanding potential impacts the system operators and maintainers have on operational availability. This article contributes to the literature a method that synthesizes the concepts of system reliability, and operator and maintainer risk attitudes to provide insight into the effect that risk attitudes of systems operators and maintainers have on system operational availability. The method consists of four steps providing the engineer with a risk-attitude-adjusted insight into the system’s potential operational availability. Systems engineers may use the method to iterate a system’s design or maintenance concept to improve expected operational availability. If it is deemed necessary to redesign a system, systems engineers will likely choose new system components and/or alter their configuration; however, redesign is not limited to physical alteration of the system. Several other options may be more practical depending the system’s stage in the life cycle to address low risk-adjusted operational availability such as changes to maintenance programs and system supportability rather than on component and system reliability. A simple representative example implementation is provided to demonstrate the method and discussion of the potential implications for Navy ship availability are discussed. Potential future work is also discussed.

AIS The Cornerstone of National Security?

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay A. Creech ◽  
Joseph F. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Maritime Domain Awareness

The International Maritime Organization has mandated carriage requirements for VHF Automatic Identification System (AIS) on vessels over 300 tons by 2007 (IMO SOLAS: 1974 and IMO Resolution MSC.99(73)). The AIS will transmit a vessel's position and voyage data to other AIS-equipped vessels and shore-based authorities. It was envisioned that AIS data could enhance the safety of navigation by allowing vessels to quickly identify each other and use Digital Select Calling (DSC) to arrange maneuvers. We will discuss the history and the development of AIS, the technical issues surrounding its use by the mariner as a navigation tool and the pros and cons of the proposal by the US Coast Guard (USCG) to use AIS as a means of surveillance for Maritime Domain Awareness.

scholarly journals The paths not (yet) taken: Ulrich Beck, the ‘cosmopolitized world’ and security studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Selchow
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Security Discourse ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Radical Shift

While it is Ulrich Beck’s concept of ‘risk society’ that has mostly attracted attention in the field of security studies, in this article I argue that if we want to take Beck seriously, we need to go beyond his ‘risk society’ thesis and acknowledge that his main thesis was that we live in a social reality that is qualitatively new and, consequently, calls for a radical shift in how we look at and talk about it. To bring Beck into security studies, then, means to study ‘security’ from within Beck’s ‘new world’. For that, I argue, a sharper conception of what characterizes that world is needed. At the heart of my article I provide such a conception – the ‘cosmopolitized world’ – which I identify as being shaped by non-linearity and the interplay of two moments: the ‘cosmopolitized reality’ and the ‘tradition of the national perspective’. Building on this concept and experimenting with it, I turn to reading the ‘US national security’ discourse as this is constructed in the text of the 2015 National Security Strategy from within this ‘cosmopolitized world’. Reflecting on this experiment, I conclude by highlighting the potential that bringing Beck in this way into security studies holds, as well as pointing to the need for future work on the vocabulary of the ‘cosmopolitized world’.

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