scholarly journals The Quest for Novel Antimicrobials from Bacteria

2012 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Alan James Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Tuberculosis Meningitis

Imagine a world without antibiotics. A world where diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, meningitis were still commonplace, where a scrape on a leg could develop into life-threatening illness and the plague was still to be feared. Such was life before 1928, the year Alexander Fleming revolutionised the field of medicine by accidentally discovering penicillin, a mould which could kill bacteria. This drug became the world’s first antibiotic and it spurred scientists to discover other classes of antimicrobial compounds, which together dramatically reduced the spread of disease. However, this golden era of medicine will not last forever. After only a few years of use, disease-causing bacteria had emerged which were resistant to antibiotics. The most common of these so-called “superbugs”, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is now responsible for an increasing number of deaths, and is practically untreatable. Similarly, incidents of multi- drug-resistant tuberculosis are on the rise. Other drug-resistant bacteria are ...

Treatment of cycloserine induced psychosis - a case series

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1227-1227
Author(s):  
S. Bangar
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Anti Psychotic ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Life Threatening

IntroductionCycloserine is a highly effective second line anti-tuberculosis medication, the use of which has increased in recent times due to emergence of multi-drug resistance. One of the side-effects is psychosis characterized by paranoia, hallucinations and affective instability. These symptoms are usually reported within the first 2 weeks of therapy in 30–50% of patients receiving Cycloserine 500 mg. At a dose of 100mg and above it leads to a hyperdopaminergic state which in turn could lead to psychosis. However, as this is a very effective treatment in people with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, it is not always possible to omit treatment due to remergence of life threatening illness. We present findings from few patients on this medication who were referred to us for management of psychotic symptoms.Aims and objectivesTo treat the psychotic symptoms with anti-psychotic which would enable patient to continue Cycloserine. Also to monitor the response to an anti-psychotic.MethodsData was collected from the patient’s case notes, full psychiatric assessment and interviewing the relative. Patient was followed up in the out-patient clinic to monitor response to anti-psychotic medication.ResultsPatients were treated with both typical and atypical medication with good response and it was possible to continue with Cycloserine in one case.ConclusionCycloserine induced psychosis can mimic any other psychotic illness and can be effectively treated with anti-psychotics.

Leveraging Novel and Existing Pathways to Approve New Therapeutics to Treat Serious Drug-Resistant Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 429-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Hwang ◽  
Aaron S. Kesselheim
Keyword(s):  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Unmet Medical Needs

Accelerating the development and approval of novel therapeutics has emerged as a key public health priority given the mortality, morbidity, and economic costs associated with infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. However, there is limited empirical evidence to guide policymaking, such as the factors that may disadvantage antibiotics compared to other classes of drugs. In this Article, we empirically examine characteristics of the key clinical trials underpinning FDA's approval of antibiotics and other drugs over the past decade. Despite perceptions that antibiotic trials are larger and more difficult to conduct, we find that antibiotic trials are no larger than those conducted for drugs approved in other disease areas with high unmet medical needs, suggesting that policymakers may need to target other levers to meaningfully stimulate innovation. We discuss the risks and benefits of harnessing new and existing regulatory pathways to speed the approval of new drugs, particularly those intended to treat patients with serious and life-threatening infections, and we evaluate ways that proposals for new regulatory pathways could be improved to better prioritize and expedite the approval of therapies with the greatest potential for patient health benefits.

An unexpected discovery toward novel membrane active sulfonyl thiazoles as potential MRSA DNA intercalators

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 1709-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Hu ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Tie-Jun Li ◽  
Rammohan R Yadav Bheemanaboina ◽  
Mohammad Fawad Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Dna Intercalators ◽  
Dna Targeting ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Aim: With the increasing emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, the need for new antimicrobial agents has become extremely urgent. This work was to develop sulfonyl thiazoles as potential antibacterial agents. Results & methodology: Novel hybrids of sulfonyl thiazoles were developed from commercial acetanilide and acetylthiazole. Hybrids 6e and 6f displayed excellent inhibitory efficacy against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (minimum inhibitory concentration = 1 μg/ml) without obvious toxicity toward normal mammalian cells (RAW 264.7). The combination uses were found to improve the antimicrobial ability. Further preliminary antibacterial mechanism experiments showed that the active molecule 6f could effectively interfere with MRSA membrane and insert into MRSA DNA. Conclusion: Compounds 6e and 6f could serve as potential DNA-targeting templates toward the development of promising antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles Functionalized with Ampicillin Destroy Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2768-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley N. Brown ◽  
Kathryn Smith ◽  
Tova A. Samuels ◽  
Jiangrui Lu ◽  
Sherine O. Obare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

ABSTRACTWe show here that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were intrinsically antibacterial, whereas gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were antimicrobial only when ampicillin was bound to their surfaces. Both AuNP and AgNP functionalized with ampicillin were effective broad-spectrum bactericides against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Most importantly, when AuNP and AgNP were functionalized with ampicillin they became potent bactericidal agents with unique properties that subverted antibiotic resistance mechanisms of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals A Simple Assay to Screen Antimicrobial Compounds Potentiating the Activity of Current Antibiotics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Iqbal ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Shahana Urooj Kazmi ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Antibiotic resistance continues to pose a significant problem in the management of bacterial infections, despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. Here, we suggest a simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform assay to screen antimicrobial compounds from natural products or synthetic chemical libraries for their potential to work in tandem with the available antibiotics against multiple drug-resistant bacteria. The aqueous extract ofJuglans regiatree bark was tested against representative multiple drug-resistant bacteria in the aforementioned assay to determine whether it potentiates the activity of selected antibiotics. The aqueous extract ofJ. regiabark was added to Mueller-Hinton agar, followed by a lawn of multiple drug-resistant bacteria,Salmonella typhior enteropathogenicE. coli. Next, filter paper discs impregnated with different classes of antibiotics were placed on the agar surface. Bacteria incubated with extract or antibiotics alone were used as controls. The results showed a significant increase (>30%) in the zone of inhibition around the aztreonam, cefuroxime, and ampicillin discs compared with bacteria incubated with the antibiotics/extract alone. In conclusion, our assay is able to detect either synergistic or additive action ofJ. regiaextract against multiple drug-resistant bacteria when tested with a range of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Tackling Antibiotic Resistance with Compounds of Natural Origin: A Comprehensive Review

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Álvarez-Martínez ◽  
Enrique Barrajón-Catalán ◽  
Vicente Micol
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Natural Antimicrobial ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Drug-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to human health worldwide. Current antibiotics are losing efficacy and new antimicrobial agents are urgently needed. Living organisms are an invaluable source of antimicrobial compounds. The antimicrobial activity of the most representative natural products of animal, bacterial, fungal and plant origin are reviewed in this paper. Their activity against drug-resistant bacteria, their mechanisms of action, the possible development of resistance against them, their role in current medicine and their future perspectives are discussed. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect were used to search scientific contributions until September 2020, using relevant keywords. Natural compounds of heterogeneous origins have been shown to possess antimicrobial capabilities, including against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The most commonly found mechanisms of antimicrobial action are related to protein biosynthesis and alteration of cell walls and membranes. Various natural compounds, especially phytochemicals, have shown synergistic capacity with antibiotics. There is little literature on the development of specific resistance mechanisms against natural antimicrobial compounds. New technologies such as -omics, network pharmacology and informatics have the potential to identify and characterize new natural antimicrobial compounds in the future. This knowledge may be useful for the development of future therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Polymeric approach to combat drug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 7265-7285
Author(s):  
Shreya Kanth ◽  
Akshatha Nagaraja ◽  
Yashoda Malgar Puttaiahgowda
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Abstract The current global death rate has threatened humans due to increase in deadly unknown infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. On the contrary, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is also increasing which is leading to elevated lethality rate worldwide. Development of drug-resistant bacteria has become one of the daunting global challenges due to failure in approaching to combat against them. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of those drug-resistant bacteria which has led to increase in global mortality rate causing various lethal infections. Polymer synthesis can be one of the significant approaches to combat MRSA by fabricating polymeric coatings to prevent the spread of infections. This review provides last decade information in the development of various polymers against MRSA. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Extremophilic actinomycetes isolated from soil in Kazakhstan: Classification and antimicrobial activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainur Zhulamanova ◽  
Zhanat Koshenov ◽  
Saikal Shamkeeva ◽  
Zhannur Markhametova ◽  
Diyora Abdukhakimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Modified Media ◽  
Novel Agent

Extremophilic actinomycetes species are capable of surviving in extreme environment and producing antibiotics. In this study, we hypothesize that extremophiles produce antimicrobial compounds that are potentially novel agent(s) effective against drug resistant pathogens. The goal of this study is to test inhibitory activity of the extracts derived from extremophilic actinomycetes species against the most prevalent drug-resistant bacteria in Kazakhstani hospitals, and preliminarily analyze chemical composition of the active extracts. Actinomycetes species isolated from the soil of Kazakhstan were cultured in modified media mimicking extreme environment the species were isolated from. Antimicrobial compound(s) extracted with organic solvent were tested against conditionally pathogenic and multi-drug resistant pathogens Acinetobacter baumanni and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our study generated promising results regarding the potential discovery of novel components effective against drug resistant pathogens. Future studies will focus on further chemical analysis to identify the active component within these extremophilic extracts.

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