scholarly journals Tackling Antibiotic Resistance with Compounds of Natural Origin: A Comprehensive Review

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Álvarez-Martínez ◽  
Enrique Barrajón-Catalán ◽  
Vicente Micol
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Natural Antimicrobial ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Drug-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to human health worldwide. Current antibiotics are losing efficacy and new antimicrobial agents are urgently needed. Living organisms are an invaluable source of antimicrobial compounds. The antimicrobial activity of the most representative natural products of animal, bacterial, fungal and plant origin are reviewed in this paper. Their activity against drug-resistant bacteria, their mechanisms of action, the possible development of resistance against them, their role in current medicine and their future perspectives are discussed. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect were used to search scientific contributions until September 2020, using relevant keywords. Natural compounds of heterogeneous origins have been shown to possess antimicrobial capabilities, including against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The most commonly found mechanisms of antimicrobial action are related to protein biosynthesis and alteration of cell walls and membranes. Various natural compounds, especially phytochemicals, have shown synergistic capacity with antibiotics. There is little literature on the development of specific resistance mechanisms against natural antimicrobial compounds. New technologies such as -omics, network pharmacology and informatics have the potential to identify and characterize new natural antimicrobial compounds in the future. This knowledge may be useful for the development of future therapeutic strategies.

An unexpected discovery toward novel membrane active sulfonyl thiazoles as potential MRSA DNA intercalators

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 1709-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Hu ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Tie-Jun Li ◽  
Rammohan R Yadav Bheemanaboina ◽  
Mohammad Fawad Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Dna Intercalators ◽  
Dna Targeting ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Aim: With the increasing emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, the need for new antimicrobial agents has become extremely urgent. This work was to develop sulfonyl thiazoles as potential antibacterial agents. Results & methodology: Novel hybrids of sulfonyl thiazoles were developed from commercial acetanilide and acetylthiazole. Hybrids 6e and 6f displayed excellent inhibitory efficacy against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (minimum inhibitory concentration = 1 μg/ml) without obvious toxicity toward normal mammalian cells (RAW 264.7). The combination uses were found to improve the antimicrobial ability. Further preliminary antibacterial mechanism experiments showed that the active molecule 6f could effectively interfere with MRSA membrane and insert into MRSA DNA. Conclusion: Compounds 6e and 6f could serve as potential DNA-targeting templates toward the development of promising antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals A Simple Assay to Screen Antimicrobial Compounds Potentiating the Activity of Current Antibiotics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Iqbal ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Shahana Urooj Kazmi ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Antibiotic resistance continues to pose a significant problem in the management of bacterial infections, despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. Here, we suggest a simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform assay to screen antimicrobial compounds from natural products or synthetic chemical libraries for their potential to work in tandem with the available antibiotics against multiple drug-resistant bacteria. The aqueous extract ofJuglans regiatree bark was tested against representative multiple drug-resistant bacteria in the aforementioned assay to determine whether it potentiates the activity of selected antibiotics. The aqueous extract ofJ. regiabark was added to Mueller-Hinton agar, followed by a lawn of multiple drug-resistant bacteria,Salmonella typhior enteropathogenicE. coli. Next, filter paper discs impregnated with different classes of antibiotics were placed on the agar surface. Bacteria incubated with extract or antibiotics alone were used as controls. The results showed a significant increase (>30%) in the zone of inhibition around the aztreonam, cefuroxime, and ampicillin discs compared with bacteria incubated with the antibiotics/extract alone. In conclusion, our assay is able to detect either synergistic or additive action ofJ. regiaextract against multiple drug-resistant bacteria when tested with a range of antibiotics.

scholarly journals The Quest for Novel Antimicrobials from Bacteria

2012 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Alan James Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Tuberculosis Meningitis

Imagine a world without antibiotics. A world where diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, meningitis were still commonplace, where a scrape on a leg could develop into life-threatening illness and the plague was still to be feared. Such was life before 1928, the year Alexander Fleming revolutionised the field of medicine by accidentally discovering penicillin, a mould which could kill bacteria. This drug became the world’s first antibiotic and it spurred scientists to discover other classes of antimicrobial compounds, which together dramatically reduced the spread of disease. However, this golden era of medicine will not last forever. After only a few years of use, disease-causing bacteria had emerged which were resistant to antibiotics. The most common of these so-called “superbugs”, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is now responsible for an increasing number of deaths, and is practically untreatable. Similarly, incidents of multi- drug-resistant tuberculosis are on the rise. Other drug-resistant bacteria are ...

scholarly journals Selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in Agri-food production

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guyue Cheng ◽  
Jianan Ning ◽  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Junhong Huang ◽  
Rizwan Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Abstract Public unrest about the use of antimicrobial agents in farming practice is the leading cause of increasing and the emergences of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria that have placed pressure on the agri-food industry to act. The usage of antimicrobials in food and agriculture have direct or indirect effects on the development of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by bacteria associated with animals and plants which may enter the food chain through consumption of meat, fish, vegetables or some other food sources. In addition to antimicrobials, recent reports have shown that AMR is associated with tolerance to heavy metals existing naturally or used in agri-food production. Besides, biocides including disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives which are widely used in farms and slaughter houses may also contribute in the development of AMR. Though the direct transmission of AMR from food-animals and related environment to human is still vague and debatable, the risk should not be neglected. Therefore, combined global efforts are necessary for the proper use of antimicrobials, heavy metals and biocides in agri-food production to control the development of AMR. These collective measures will preserve the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials for future generations.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage therapy: a potential solution for the antibiotic resistance crisis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhabiz Golkar ◽  
Omar Bagasra ◽  
Donald Gene Pace
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
History Of

The emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria has prompted interest in alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. One of the possible replacement options for antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents. Phage therapy is an important alternative to antibiotics in the current era of drug-resistant pathogens. Bacteriophages have played an important role in the expansion of molecular biology and have been used as antibacterial agents since 1966. In this review, we describe a brief history of bacteriophages and clinical studies on their use in bacterial disease prophylaxis and therapy. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents in this regard.

Synthesis Ruthenium complexes Functionalized with Benzothiophene and their Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangwen Liao ◽  
lianghong liu ◽  
yanhui Tan ◽  
guijuan jiang ◽  
haihong fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ruthenium Complexes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

New effective antimicrobial agents with novel mode of action are urgently need due to the continued emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Here, three ruthenium complexes functionalized with benzothiophene: [Ru(phen)2(BTPIP)](ClO4)2 (Ru(II)-1), [Ru(dmp)2(BTPIP)](ClO4)2...

scholarly journals Mechanistic Study of Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects between Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) Oligomer and Polyethylene Glycol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziheng Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Linlin Ma ◽  
Xingxing Yang ◽  
Bin Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

We reported previously that poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) oligomer is an effective antimicrobial agent against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, fungi and multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this work, it was further found that polyethylene glycol (PEG) can promote the antimicrobial effect of PHB oligomer synergistically. Three hypothetic mechanisms were proposed, that is, generation of new antimicrobial components, degradation of PHB macromolecules and dissolution/dispersion of PHB oligomer by PEG. With a series of systematic experiments and characterizations of HPLC-MS, it was deducted that dissolution/dispersion of PHB oligomer dominated the synergistic antimicrobial effect between PHB oligomer and PEG. This work demonstrates a way for promoting antimicrobial effect of PHB oligomer and other antimicrobial agents through improving hydrophilicity.

scholarly journals Extremophilic actinomycetes isolated from soil in Kazakhstan: Classification and antimicrobial activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainur Zhulamanova ◽  
Zhanat Koshenov ◽  
Saikal Shamkeeva ◽  
Zhannur Markhametova ◽  
Diyora Abdukhakimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Modified Media ◽  
Novel Agent

Extremophilic actinomycetes species are capable of surviving in extreme environment and producing antibiotics. In this study, we hypothesize that extremophiles produce antimicrobial compounds that are potentially novel agent(s) effective against drug resistant pathogens. The goal of this study is to test inhibitory activity of the extracts derived from extremophilic actinomycetes species against the most prevalent drug-resistant bacteria in Kazakhstani hospitals, and preliminarily analyze chemical composition of the active extracts. Actinomycetes species isolated from the soil of Kazakhstan were cultured in modified media mimicking extreme environment the species were isolated from. Antimicrobial compound(s) extracted with organic solvent were tested against conditionally pathogenic and multi-drug resistant pathogens Acinetobacter baumanni and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our study generated promising results regarding the potential discovery of novel components effective against drug resistant pathogens. Future studies will focus on further chemical analysis to identify the active component within these extremophilic extracts.

scholarly journals Current Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Sonali Gangwar ◽  
Keerti Kaushik ◽  
Maya Datt Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Serious infectious diseases are caused by bacterial pathogens that represents a serious public health concern. Antimicrobial agents are indicated for the treatment bacterial infections.Various bacteria carries several resistance genes also called multidrug resistant (MDR). Multidrug resistant organisms have emerged not only in the hospital environment but are now often identified in community settings, suggesting the reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria are present outside the hospital. Drug resistant bacteria that are selected with a single drug are also frequently multi-drug resistant against multiple structurally different drugs, thus confounding the chemotherapeutic efficacy of infectious disease caused by such pathogenic variants. The molecular mechanisms by which bacteria have common resistance to antibiotics are diverse and complex. This review highlights the mechanism of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials.

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