scholarly journals The cytogenetic influence of physical water indicators on the number of micronuclears in cells of predatory fish species

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
O. Vodianitskyi ◽  
N. Hrynevych ◽  
O. Khomiak ◽  
N. Prysiazhniuk
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Temperature Deviation

During the monitoring of cytological parameters of embryos and fi sh larvae under changing environmental conditions, it was found that the body adapts to the environmental temperature conditions at the cellular level. Threshold temperature is the limit of the resistance of body cells to the action of extreme ambient temperatures. Since this ability is diff erent for diff erent species, their temperature threshold is not the same. It is proved that for each fi sh species there is a certain temperature amplitude, within which their embryonic development is possible. The rate of passage of embryogenesis depends on temperature. Deviation from the optimal temperature and its approach to the “threshold” causes disturbances in the embryogenesis of fi sh, leads to the death of embryos or to the appearance of anomalies in their development. Under the infl uence of a threshold temperature on fertilized eggs, polyploidy of cells is possible. Genetic changes in somatic cells is an integral indicator of homeostasis disturbance. They characterize the pr esence of environmental mutagens and the eff ectiveness of the body's immune response. Normally, most genetic disorders are eliminated. The presence of such disorders is an indicator of stress, which leads to the appearance of abnormal cells and a decrease in the body's immune status. Such abnormalities can be detected at the chromosomal level. It has been proved that critical periods in the embryonic development of fi sh are manifested at the stages of crushing of morula cells and gastrulation in embryos during organogenesis. However, the presence of sensitive periods is not always associated with diff erentiation processes, for example, the onset of cell crushing, the period of embryo exit from the membranes. Key words: predatory fi sh species, temperature regime, metabolism, micronuclear test, embryonic cell, nucleoli, stress factors, abiotic effect.

PERIODIZATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHICKEN EMBRYO

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-689
Author(s):  
F.I. Suleimanov ◽  
◽  
A.S. Migachev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
External Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Soviet Scientist ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Physician Scientist ◽  
The Moment

Embryology (from the Greek embryon – embryo, logos – doctrine) is not just a biological discipline, but a science that studies the formation, development, and also the formation of embryos of living beings from the moment of the appearance of germ cells and their fusion until the birth of the world a new organism. One of the largest embryologists who studied the development of avian embryos, Hamilton, considering it amazing how the beginning of the functioning of one organ correlates with the functioning of other organs and systems of the body, writes: "It is not surprising that there are certain sensitive periods when the embryo is susceptible to disturbances both in the internal and and in the external environment". Quite a lot of literature is devoted to the issues of periods of hypersensitivity, or, as they are usually called, critical periods in the embryogenesis of various animals (invertebrates and vertebrates). The position of critical periods of development was first put forward by the English physician-scientist K. Stockard in the 20s. XX century And later it was deepened and expanded by the Soviet scientist-embryologist PG Svetlov. Periods of increased sensitivity to damaging influences in the embryonic development of fish are named. Omitting a large number of works, let us inform that Korovina, recognizing the stages of development and formation of a new quality at each stage, denies the existence of periods of increased sensitivity to the action of all environmental factors without exception. The author acknowledges that there are periods in embryonic development when embryos are equally sensitive to several influences, but considers it necessary to emphasize the specificity of the response to various environmental factors.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE-RADICAL PROCESSES IN THE ORGANISMS OF SOME PREDATORY FISH SPECIES IN DIFFERENT SEASONS OF THE YEAR

2017 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Pudovkin ◽  
Peter Vladimirovich Smutnev
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pike Perch

The authors of the article have studied the content of the elements of anti-oxidant system (malondialdehyde, catalase, selenium) in tissues of the internal organs (gills, intestine, muscles, liver, swimbladder, scales) in some species of predatory fish (pike Esox lucius (L., 1758), perch Perca fluviatilis (L., 1758), pike-perch Sander lucioperca (L., 1758), catfish Silurus glanis ) widespread in the basin of the Volga river in the Saratov region. The lowest concentration of malondialdehyde in organisms of the studied fish species is observed in fall and winter; the highest - in spring and summer. Catalase activity in gills tissue of a pike raised in 11.8%, cat-fish - 9.1%, pike-perch - 7.5%, perch - 7.8%. In fall (compared to winter) enzyme activity lowering in gonads of pike-perch makes 16.3%, in gonads of perch - 14.4%. In other tissues there were not observed any evident changes of catalase activity. Fish species under consideration are listed according to the average value of selenium concentration in organisms, µg/g: pike (0.208) > catfish (0.207) > pike-perch (0.196) > perch (0.178). According to the average value of the selenium accumulation in the body in different season all the studied species can be placed in the following order, µg/g: winter-pike (0.132) > pike-perch (0.136) > perch and catfish (0.142); spring - pike-perch (0.190) > perch (0.191) > pike (0.208) > catfish (0.209); summer - perch (0.186) > pike-perch (0.190) > catfish and pike (0.203); autumn - perch (0.193) > pike-perch (0.268) > > catfish (0.274) > pike (0.289).

scholarly journals Reproductive biology, embryonic development and matrotrophy in the phylactolaemate bryozoan Plumatella casmiana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Bibermair ◽  
Andrew N. Ostrovsky ◽  
Andreas Wanninger ◽  
Thomas Schwaha
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transcellular Transport ◽  
Cell Contacts ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distal Side ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Mesoderm Formation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

AbstractBryozoa is a phylum of aquatic, colonial suspension-feeders within the Lophotrochozoa. In the Phylactolaemata embryonic development occurs in an internal brood sac on the body wall accompanied by extraembryonic nutrition. Owing to previous contradictive descriptions, many aspects of their sexual reproduction require restudy. Consequently, this study analyses embryogenesis of the freshwater bryozoan Plumatella casmiana by serial sections, 3D reconstruction and transmission electron microscopy. Early embryos cleave and soon develop into blastulae with a small central cavity. The mesoderm forms by delamination starting from the distal side towards the proximal end. In later embryos two polypides form on the posterior side that ultimately will be covered by a ciliated mantle in the larva. Embryos increase in size during development and form temporary cell contacts to the embryo sac. Mesodermal cells of the embryo sac show signs of transcellular transport indicating that embryos are nourished by transferring nutrients from the maternal coelom towards the brood cavity. This study clarifies several details such as mesoderm formation and the onset of bud development. Embryos are connected to their respective embryo sacs by a variety of temporary cytoplasmic processes formed by both tissues during embryogenesis, including a ‘placental’ ring zone. Although ultrastructural data of these cell contacts are not entirely conclusive about their function, we suggest that embryos absorb nutrients via the entire surface. The close opposition of embryos to the embryo sac implies placentation as matrotrophic mode in phylactolaemate bryozoans, with embryo sacs acting as placental analogues.

scholarly journals Impact of Vanadium Complexes Treatment on the Oxidative Stress Factors in Wistar Rats Plasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Francik ◽  
M. Krośniak ◽  
M. Barlik ◽  
A. Kudła ◽  
R. Gryboś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vanadium Complexes ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of vanadium complexes on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (Chol), uric acid (UA), urea (U), and antioxidant parameters: nonenzymatic (FRAP—ferric reducing ability of plasma, and reduced glutathione—GSH) and enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase—GPx, catalase—CAT, and GPx/CAT ratio) activity in the plasma of healthy male Wistar rats. Three vanadium complexes: [VO(bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, [VO(4,4′Me2bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, and Na[VO(O2)2(bpy)]⋅8H2O are administered by gavage during 5 weeks in two different diets such as control (C) and high fatty (F) diets. Changes of biochemical and antioxidants parameters are measured in plasma. All three vanadium complexes statistically decrease the body mass growth in comparison to the control and fatty diet. In plasma GSH was statistically increased in all vanadium complexes-treated rats from control and fatty group in comparison to only control group. Calculated GPX/CAT ratio was the highest in the control group in comparison to others.

scholarly journals The Polycomb group protein MEDEA controls cell proliferation and embryonic patterning in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Simonini ◽  
Marian Bemer ◽  
Stefano Bencivenga ◽  
Valeria Gagliardini ◽  
Nuno D. Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polycomb Group ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Patterning ◽  
Polycomb Group Protein ◽  
Group Protein

Establishing the body plan of a multicellular organism relies on precisely orchestrated cell divisions coupled with pattern formation. In animals, cell proliferation and embryonic patterning are regulated by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins that form various multisubunit complexes (Grossniklaus and Paro, 2014). The evolutionary conserved Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and comes in different flavors in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Förderer et al., 2016; Grossniklaus and Paro, 2014). The histone methyltransferase MEDEA (MEA) is part of the FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED (FIS)-PRC2 required for seed development4. Although embryos derived from mea mutant egg cells show morphological abnormalities (Grossniklaus et al., 1998), defects in the development of the placenta-like endosperm are considered the main cause of seed abortion (Kinoshita et al., 1999; Scott et al., 1998), and a role of FIS-PRC2 in embryonic patterning was dismissed (Bouyer et al., 2011; Leroy et al., 2007). Here, we demonstrate that endosperm lacking MEA activity sustains normal embryo development and that embryos derived from mea mutant eggs abort even in presence of a wild-type endosperm because MEA is required for embryonic patterning and cell lineage determination. We show that, similar to PcG proteins in mammals, MEA regulates embryonic growth by repressing the transcription of core cell cycle components. Our work demonstrates that Arabidopsis embryogenesis is under epigenetic control of maternally expressed PcG proteins, revealing that PRC2 was independently recruited to control embryonic cell proliferation and patterning in animals and plants.

scholarly journals Non hormonal management options for menstrual cycle irregularities

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
High Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Menstrual Irregularities ◽  
Menstrual Rhythm

Menstrual rhythm disorders and symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle are one of the main reasons for women to make an appointment with a gynecologist. After the endocrinopathies and organic substrates of menstrual irregularities are excluded, the doctor is faced with the difficult task to treat conditions that reflect the functional dysfunction of the body and its adaptation to high stress load. It is beyond argument that hormone therapy is the main resource of a gynecologist, but it is not always acceptable and does not solve all the problems of normalizing psychoneuroendocrine status. The dependence of functional disorders on environmental stress factors allows a doctor to use lifestyle correction, including rational nutrition and adding various micronutrients, in a program to improve the quality of life, eliminate psychoemotional symptoms and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction. In turn, the restoration of the adaptive reserve of the body becomes key to the recovery of menstrual function.

scholarly journals Morphometric estimation of Rainbow Trout for feeding Aller Aqua and Aquafeed Fischfutter

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (90) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
I. Y. Bobel ◽  
J. I. Pivtorak
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Vital Functions

Scientific research was based on certain morphometric indices of various trout groups, which allows us to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of fish feeding with Aller Aqua and Aquafeed Fischfutter. The main task of trout farming is to obtain a commodity trout for the shortest possible time. In this case, the intensity of the growth of rainbow trout leads to the absence of feed, which is used in its cultivation. For active growth and development of fish, a high level of protein in the stern is required, which should be used specifically for plastic exchange, and not for the energy organism. Inner-shell left arms inviting them to optimize their chemical composition of feed, but they are energetic, perform in the body of fish a number of other vital functions: structure, regulatory and others, and serve as precursors of many biologically active substances that have validity and hormones. While growing rainbow trout, it is necessary to take into account its phenotypes of characteristics, which show that the level of breeding stability of the fish population and determines the attractiveness of products on the consumer market. The composition of feed primarily affects the metabolism of fish, which determines the intensity of their growth and development, and is also realized by trout. Fodder for the cultivation of salmon fish are made from industrial fishing waste. An economically viable alternative source of raw materials serves vegetal products (oils, sunflower proteins, soybeans, maize glutenin, and others), which, however, do not have a forage base of predatory fish appearing in natural waters. At present, the influence of different compositions on the morphometric and physiological biochemical characteristics of the culture, especially salmon, is actively studied, but these problems remain unchanged. The dynamics of the intensity of growth and development of rainbow trout is ensured by the feeding regime of fish. The publication of the published differences in the nature of the massif and the flow of rainbow trout species, which ensure the use of Aller Aqua and Aquafeed Fischfutter mixed fodders.

A Review of Microsystem Factors Related to Stress in Undergraduate Students Studying Communication Sciences and Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Brianne H. Roos ◽  
Janet S. Schreck
Keyword(s):  
Parent Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Impact Stress ◽  
Faculty Relationships ◽  
Individual Support

Purpose The purpose of this review article is to review the existing literature about the factors that impact stress in undergraduate students studying communication sciences and disorders (CSD). Current undergraduate students are more stressed than their predecessors and the body of literature about stressed students is growing. However, CSD students' experience may differ from their non-CSD peers and there is a dearth of literature about stressed CSD students, in particular. Method This is a narrative review of the literature about the factors that impact stress in undergraduate students studying CSD. The review is structured using the ecological systems theoretical framework with an emphasis on the microsystems that encompass the most salient factors related to undergraduate students' stress. Factors such as family influence (e.g., parenting style, parent education), peer support, faculty relationships, minority status, technology, and individual health behaviors were explored in the literature using electronic databases. Conclusions This review of the literature suggests that a myriad of microsystem factors contribute to the stress of undergraduate CSD students. Although the review focuses on microsystem factors that are closest to students, it is important to situate the results in context. The mental health of college students was on the decline before COVID-19, and as the economic and public health of the nation and world shift, the urgency to attend to our students increases. This review contributes to the greater understanding of CSD students' experiences that will inform programmatic and individual support.

Oligophrenia associated with various pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (07) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Afat Afar Israfilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Effect

The causes of pathology are different. There are various inherited genetic disorders of the body, which are metabolic disorders, chromosome deficiency leads to various pathologies. Other factors have a negative effect on embryonic pathogenesis in the intrauterine stage. As a result, the baby does not develop properly in the womb. Key words: Pathology, physical illness, infection, mental retardation

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE PROVISION OF SAFETY OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC PRESSURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
L. L. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
G. A. Zhorov ◽  
V. N. Obryvin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Livestock Breeding

In the conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure on the environment, the issues of developing and applying effective means and methods for preventing the admission and cumulation of xenobiotics in the organism of animals and the products obtained become of high importance. At the same time, it is necessary to solve such issues as deficiencies of micro and macro elements in soils, feed and the body, the effect of oxidative stress, immune deficiency and other problems that are closely interrelated with the effect of ecotoxicants on the body. The solution of practical problems of preserving animal health and producing safe products in ecologically unfavorable regions consists in the development of an integrated livestock breeding system, which allows minimizing the migration of a particular ecotoxicant in the trophic chain soil-feed-animal-production and compensating for negative processes developing in the body of animals as a result of exposure of harmful environmental factors, mineral and vitamin deficiencies and imbalances in rations, chronic effects of stress factors, immunodeficiency, etc. The article presents a set of measures to ensure the production of safe products in the conduct of animal husbandry in regions with high anthropogenic load, the main attention is paid to the development of compositions of sorption-detoxifying agents and private technologies of their application

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