scholarly journals Adsorption of Pb(II) from wastewater by natural and synthetic adsorbents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 6522-6539 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Orange Peel ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Magnetic Nanomaterials ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Global Surface ◽  
Synthetic Adsorbents

Water pollution is a major concerned to the human health. Most of the global surface water is contaminated with heavy metals, has become a serious problem today. Particularly, Pb is highly toxic and directly associate with health risk such as damage to kidney, liver and central nervous system. In this review article, removal of lead utilizing various adsorption methods is described. Such as, natural (e.g. shells and peels corncobs, mushrooms, dairy manure, orange, apple, custard apple, peanut, eggshells, banana, eggplant, fish scales algae); activated carbon (e.g. sugar cane, orange peel, chicken feather fruit seed and bentonite); nano-composite, magnetic nanomaterials, polymer composite; chitosan, cellulose, clay, lignin, calcite, resin and chemicals are presented.

scholarly journals Recent Advancements of Magnetic Nanomaterials in Cancer Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Mukherjee ◽  
Lily Liang ◽  
Omid Veiseh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Magnetic Nanomaterials ◽  
Cancer Targeting ◽  
Potential Toxicity

Magnetic nanomaterials belong to a class of highly-functionalizable tools for cancer therapy owing to their intrinsic magnetic properties and multifunctional design that provides a multimodal theranostics platform for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. In this review article, we have provided an overview of the various applications of magnetic nanomaterials and recent advances in the development of these nanomaterials as cancer therapeutics. Moreover, the cancer targeting, potential toxicity, and degradability of these nanomaterials has been briefly addressed. Finally, the challenges for clinical translation and the future scope of magnetic nanoparticles in cancer therapy are discussed.

Study and Application of Various Activated Carbons and Ash used in Water Purification Techniques: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-397
Author(s):  
Ajinkya Ravindra Telgote ◽  
Satish Sudhakarao Patil
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Pomegranate Peel

Water pollution is increasing due to the different factors such as population growth, large-scale urbanization, deforestation, and unethical activities in the river or other sources of water. Various experts have been working in the field of the preparation ofactivated carbon from renewable energy including cost-effective technologies and products in an eco-friendly manner for various applications. This review article discusses methodologies utilized by various experts for the preparation of activated carbon for the abatement of water pollution. Biomasssuch ascoconut shell, Moringaoleifera seed, Peanut shell, Pomegranate peel, Rice husk, Lemon shell, Banana peel, and Orange Peel are found extremely helpful in the field of treatment of the contaminated water. The reviewed literature showed that the Biomass can be isolatespollutants from contaminated water through physical, mechanical, and biological techniques and removes various physicochemical pollutants such as pH, color, DO, turbidity, conductivity, turbidity, chloride, fluoride, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate, and heavy metal, etc. from contaminated water.

scholarly journals Removal of Dyes Using Various Organic Peel-based Materials: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3714-3727
Keyword(s):  
Orange Peel ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
Adsorption Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Pomelo Peel ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Efficiency Cost

This review recapitulates the recent adsorption study literature regarding the activated biochar and nanocomposites of agricultural peel-based bio-adsorbents for the removal of dyes from wastewater. The use of agricultural peel in decoloration technology is promising for efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Various types of bio-adsorbents have been studied in the literature, such as orange peel, potato peel, banana peel, cucumber peel, Pomelo peel, and rambutan peel, respectively. The equilibrium data and kinetics were analyzed, and they fit known models are also summarized. This review article will help to know the applicability and potential of various peel-based bio-adsorbents in wastewater treatment. The conclusion has been drawn from the literature review, and few suggestions for further future studies are also proposed.

Desiderata in connection by the calibration of the MK-system

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Th. Schmidt-Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Stellar Systems ◽  
Astronomical Data ◽  
Intrinsic Colour

This is only an informal remark about some difficulties I am worrying about.I have tried to recalibrate the MK system in terms of intrinsic colour (B–V)0and absolute magnitudeMv. The procedures used have been described in a review article by Voigt (Mitt. Astr. Ges.1963, p. 25–35), and the results for stars of the luminosity classes Ia-O,I and II have been given also in Blaauw's article on the calibration of luminosity criteria in vol. III (Basic Astronomical Data, p. 401) ofStars and Stellar Systems.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Fish Scales as an Adjunctive Aid in Speciation

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Edward D. DeLamater ◽  
Walter R. Courtenay ◽  
Cecil Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
The University ◽  
Multiple Holes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Comparative scanning electron microscopy studies of fish scales of different orders, families, genera and species within genera have demonstrated differences which warrant elaboration. These differences in detail appear to be sufficient to act as “fingerprints”, at least, for family differences. To date, the lateral line scales have been primarily studied. These demonstrate differences in the lateral line canals; the pattern of ridging with or without secondary protuberances along the edges; the pattern of spines or their absence on the anterior border of the scales; the presence or absence of single or multiple holes on the ventral and dorsal sides of the lateral line canal covers. The distances between the ridges in the pattern appear likewise to be important.A statement of fish scale structure and a comparison of family and species differences will be presented.The authors wish to thank Dr. Donald Marzalek and Mr. Wallace Charm of the Marine and Atmospheric Laboratory of the University of Miami and Dr. Sheldon Moll and Dr. Richard Turnage of AMR for their exhaustive help in these preliminary studies.

SEM analysis of fish scale cross sections: A technique study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 744-745
Author(s):  
M.E. Lee ◽  
A. Moller ◽  
P.S.O. Fouche ◽  
I.G Gaigher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy of fish scales has facilitated the application of micro-structures to systematics. Electron microscopy studies have added more information on the structure of the scale and the associated cells, many problems still remain unsolved, because of our incomplete knowledge of the process of calcification. One of the main purposes of these studies has been to study the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of both calcified and decalcified scales, and associated cells, and to obtain more information on the mechanism of calcification in the scales. The study of a calcified scale with the electron microscope is complicated by the difficulty in sectioning this material because of the close association of very hard tissue with very soft tissues. Sections often shatter and blemishes are difficult to avoid. Therefore the aim of this study is firstly to develop techniques for the preparation of cross sections of fish scales for scanning electron microscopy and secondly the application of these techniques for the determination of the structures and calcification of fish scales.

Electron-deficient boron-based catalysts for C–H bond functionalisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhong Ma ◽  
Shao-Jie Lou ◽  
Zhaomin Hou
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Comprehensive Overview

This review article provides a comprehensive overview to recognise the current status of electron-deficient boron-based catalysis in C–H functionalisations.

Amino-functional polyethers: versatile, stimuli-responsive polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 3940-3950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Verkoyen ◽  
Holger Frey
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
New Class ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers

Amino-functional polyethers have emerged as a new class of “smart”, i.e. pH- and thermoresponsive materials. This review article summarizes the synthesis and applications of these materials, obtained from ring-opening of suitable epoxide monomers.

Developing Evidence-Based Assessment to Prevent Over- or Underidentification of Disorders for New Language Learners

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026-1038
Author(s):  
Sandra Levey ◽  
Li-Rong Lilly Cheng ◽  
Diana Almodovar
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Academic Development ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Knowledge ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Support Evidence

Purpose The purpose of this review article is to present certain linguistic domains to consider in the assessment of children learning a new language. Speech-language pathologists frequently face difficulty when determining if a bilingual or multilingual child possesses a true speech or language disorder. Given the increased number of new language learners across the world, clinicians must understand differences versus disorders to prevent underidentification or overidentification of a disorder. Conclusions Early identification of a true disorder has been shown to prevent language and literacy difficulties, given that children are able to achieve grade-level reading skills when given intervention. Clinical knowledge and skills are strongly required so that children receive evidence-based assessment to support their academic development. Learning Goal Readers will gain an understanding of the factors that support evidence-based assessment of bilingual and multilingual language learners.

Treatment Considerations for Adolescents Who Exhibit Cognitive/Communication Problems: A Neuroscience Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1767-1775
Author(s):  
Martha S. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
Behavioral Growth

Purpose Adolescence is a period of substantial neurophysiological and behavioral growth, representing a second sensitive period of brain development. It is a psychological and social transition period between childhood and adulthood with many beneficial changes occurring, especially with respect to potential responsiveness to clinical intervention. However, adolescent behavioral complexities introduce clinical challenges as well. The purpose of this review article is to review the current neuroimaging research on neurophysiological changes observed during adolescence and the cognitive and social behavioral counterparts, with specific attention to the clinical implications. The review article will then summarize currently available intervention tools that can be utilized by speech-language pathologists working with this population. It will conclude with available evidence-based social-communication approaches that may be applicable as well as available evidence-based supplemental technological cognitive interventions that may be useful in working with adolescents who exhibit language and communication issues. Conclusion As a transition period between childhood and adulthood, adolescence represents a second sensitive period during which there is opportunity for clinically derived beneficial cognitive and communication growth.

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