scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activity of Callyspongia sp. Extract Towards Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) Levels in Staphylococcus aureus –Induced Wistar Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9311-9317
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Male Rats

The IFN-γ and TNF-α are cytokines that involved in the phagocytic activity, and Callypsongia sp. increases phagocytic activity; thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of Callspongia sp. extract toward IFN-γ and TNF-α levels in Staphylococcus aureus-induced Wistar male rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n=5) and treated orally for 7 d as follows: Group I (extract dose of 300 mg/kgBW); Group II (extract dose of 400 mg/kgBW); Group III (Phylantii extract); and Group IV (0.5% NaCMC). On day 8, animals were infected with Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally and left for 1h. Blood was collected and assayed with ELISA Kit for IFN-γ and TNF-α. Data collected were then statistically analyzed using SPSS. According to results obtained, the Callyspongia sp. extract effect in both IFN-γ and TNF-α is significantly different from Group IV as the negative control (p<0.05). Callyspongia sp. extract provided similar potency between Group I and Group III (p>0.05), yet Group II provided higher activity in increasing IFN-γ levels. In contrast, Callyspongia sp. provided similar activity between Group I, Group II, and Group III to increase TNF-α levels (p>0.05). Therefore, we concluded that Callyspongia sp. extract increases both INF-γ and TNF-α, responsible for the phagocytic activity.

scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Xestospongia Sp. Induces CD4+ and CD14 Cells Levels on Wistar Male Rat Infected with Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adryan Fristiohady ◽  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Muhammad H Malaka ◽  
Dewiyanti Madu ◽  
Dayatriana Muthalib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Immunomodulator is a substance that increases or suppresses the immune response through the certain mechanism. The marine sponge Xestospongia sp. has immunomodulatory activity by increasing phagocytic activity. In addition, the phagocytic activity is affected by CD4+ and CD14 cells levels. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of Xestopongia sp. extract toward CD4+ and CD14 cells level in model rat. Animals were divided into 4 groups (n=5) and treated for 7 days, as follow: Group I (Ethanolic extract of Xestospongia sp. dose of 300 mg/KgBW); Group II (Ethanolic extract of Xestospongia sp. dose of 400 mg/KgBW); Group III (Phylantus niruri extract); and Group IV (0.5% Na CMC). On day 8, animals were infected with Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally. And the blood was collected by cardiac puncture and assayed with ELISA kit CD4 (elabscience®) and ELISA kit CD14 (elabscience®). Ethanolic extract of Xestospongia sp. provided high levels of both CD4+ and CD14 cells (Group II) compared to baseline (Group IV)  (p<0.05). Group I provided similar activity to group III (p>0.05) and Group II provided significant activity with higher levels of CD4+ and CD14 cells compared to group III (p<0.05). In conclusion, both doses of Xestospongia sp. extract provide activity as immunomodulator by increasing CD4+ and CD14 cells levels, yet dose of 400 mg/KgBw provides the higher immunomodulatory activity.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activity of Xestospongia sp. Ethanolic Extract Towards Interferon-gamma (IFN- γ) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) Levels in Wistar Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adryan Fristiohady ◽  
Jumadil ◽  
Wahyuni ◽  
Muh. Hajrul Malaka ◽  
Wa Ode Harnita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Xestospongia sp. is one of marine sponge belongs to demosponges class that mainly found in Southeast Sulawesi and the secondary metabolites contained in Xestospongia sp. suspected to have immunomodulatory activity. A previous study exhibited the immunomodulatory of Xestospongia sp. ethanolic extract (XEE) at dose of 300 and 400 mg/Kg BW by affecting the phagocytic activity of macrophages. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of XEE towards interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at dose of 300 and 400 mg/Kg BW. Wistar male rats are divided into 4 groups (n=6) randomly and treated for 7 days orally each as follow: group I (XEE dose of 300 mg/KgBW); group II (XEE dose of 400 mg/KgBW); group III (0.5% NaCMC); and group IV (commercial phylantii extract). On day 8, animals were infected with Staphylococcus aureus and left for 1 hour. Animals were sacrificed and the blood was drawn by cardiac puncture (3 mL), followed by analyzed under ELISA Kit for IFN-γ and TNF-α. Collected data were analyzed statistically using SPSS®. The IFN-γ levels obtained were 350.113; 392.970; 118.416; and 61.958 ρg/mL, respectively and the TNF-α were 2808; 1308; 778; and 845.5 ρg/mL, respectively. According to results obtained, both doses of XEE are affecting the IFN-γ and TNF-α levels (p<0.05) compared to group III as negative control, and group IV as positive control. As conclusion, XEE of both doses is increasing IFN-γ and TNF-α levels of animals that respond to phagocytic activity

Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Thymus vulgaris Ethanolic Leaf Extract Combination with Partially Purified Lipopolysaccharide from Proteus mirabilis in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 625-630
Author(s):  
Ali M Al-Dahbi ◽  
Ihsan Dhari Awad
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The current study was carried out to study a high injection dose of the ethanolic extract thymus vulgaris leaf (500 ug /Kg) against the immune response combination with partially purified extracted Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) from Proteus mirablis.Study groups were included four groups; Group I :treated with normal saline. Group II : treated with LPS antigen, Group III: injected subcutaneously ((500 ug /Kg) from ethanolic extract thymus vulgaris, group IV : injected subcutaneously (500 ug /Kg) from ethanolic extract thymus vulgaris leaf and LPS antigen, the immunological assays were measured through the phagocytic activity as (non specific immunity) after day 8 by using the phagocytic activity index.After day I4 the lymphocyte proliferations was estimated by MTT index. For delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction,the result was measured at 24, 48 and 72 hours after LPS antigens injection.While for Humoral immune response, after day 21 and day 28 the antibody production was estimated by indirect immunoflourescent and by Gel electrophoreses.The results were showed no significant difference in the NBT index between Groups but noticed Group III had a value lower than Group II, While the MTT results were revealed, Group IV had the highest value. In the other side of the study the DTH results showed Group IV had the highest value after 48 hr with significant differences (P≤0.05), in addition, the humoral immune response results were consisted gel electrophoresis and indirect immunoflourescent results showed after day 21 and day 28 Group IV had the highest value. The results was showed the ethanolic extract thymus in a high concentration combination with LPS from P. mirabilis had effects on the immune response particularly Humoral immune response and Cellular immune response but still act as anti inflammatory role as revealed in many previous studies.

scholarly journals Osseointegration of Ti-30Ta Implants without Primary Stability: Effect of Tranexamic Acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 918-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Rosifini Alves Rezende ◽  
Bruna Cabrera Capalbo ◽  
Mario Jefferson Quirino Louzada ◽  
André Luiz Reis Rangel ◽  
Luciano Ângelo Cintra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cp Ti

A large clot formed between the inside of the bony wall of the extraction socket and the immediate implant surface may have premature breakdown . Tranexamic acid (TXA) is fibrinolysis inhibitor and an analog of the amino acid lysine. In this paper the influence of tranexamic acid on the osseointegration of Ti-30Ta implants without primary stability was investigated. Were fabricated 32 implants of CP Titanium Grade 4 and 32 implants of Ti-30Ta alloy with dimensions of 2.1 x 2.8mm Ø. Bone defects of 2.5x3.2 mm Ø were created in right tibia of 64 Wistar male-rats using a small round bur. They were divided (n=16) into: Group I (CP-Ti machined implant), Group II (CP-Ti machined implant/ tranexamic acid), Group III (Ti-30Ta implant) and Group IV (Ti-30Ta implant/ tranexamic acid). The surgical defects of the Group II and Group IV were bathed with 20 ml of the tranexamic acid solution. The animals were euthanized at 45 days postoperative. In the right tibia of half each group (8 animals/8 tibiae) the maximum torque value necessary for manual removal of each implant was measured in Newton centimeters (Ncm). The right tibia of other half each group was subjected to non-decalcified histology processing (Stevenel's blue/Alizarin red). Data were analyzed statistically (Kruskal-Wallis Analyses) and demonstrated significant differences (P<0.05) among groups. The values of group I were significantly lower than group III and IV, but without significant difference than group II both removal torque and peri-implant bone healing. The results suggest that: a) peri-implant bone formation occurred more rapidly around the Ti-30Ta implant; b) tranexamic acid favored the stabilization of blood clot and bone formation around Ti-30Ta implants and not influenced bone formation around Ti-CP implants.

scholarly journals Ameliorating Effect of Combined Cinnamon and Ginger Oils against the Neurotoxicity of Nicotine Administration on the Prefrontal Cortex of Adult Albino Rats: Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Medhat Taha ◽  
Mohie Mahmoud Ibrahim ◽  
Mamdouh Eldesoqui ◽  
Mohamed A. M. Iesa ◽  
Tourki A. S. Baokbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Nicotine is the active alkaloid in cigarettes. It was reported that tobacco smoking has many hazards; one of these hazards is the effect on the cognitive function of the prefrontal cortex. The aim of our study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of ginger, cinnamon oils, and their combination on morphological changes in the prefrontal cortex that were induced by nicotine. Materials and methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I (control group), group II (nicotine), group III (nicotine + cinnamon), group IV (nicotine + ginger), and group V (nicotine + cinnamon + ginger). The coronal sections from the anterior part of the rat brain at the site of prefrontal cortex were examined by light microscope for (H&E and immunohistochemical staining with TNF-α and GFAP), while the ultrastructure morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Levels of the oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH) in the rats’ brain tissue homogenate were biochemically assessed. Results: Compared to the control group, the rats that were treated with nicotine (group II) showed a significant oxidative stress in the form of marked elevation of MDA and decrease in GSH, apoptotic changes especially in the pyramidal cells in the form of neuronal cell degeneration and pyknosis, and an elevation in the inflammatory marker TNF-α and GFAP expressions. These changes were observed to a lesser degree in rat group (III) and group (IV), while there was a marked improvement achieved by the combined usage of cinnamon and ginger oils, together compared to the nicotine group. Conclusions: Ginger and cinnamon are powerful antioxidants which ameliorate the degenerative and oxidative effects produced by nicotine on a rat’s prefrontal cortex.

scholarly journals TNF-α -308 G>A and IL10 -1082A>G polymorphisms as potential risk factors for lymphoproliferative disorders in autoimmune rheumatic diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Y. Tayel ◽  
Aida Nazir ◽  
Ibtessam M. Abdelhamid ◽  
Myriam A. S. Helmy ◽  
Nadia E. Zaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disorders ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Distribution Frequency

Abstract Background Chronic inflammation with sustained unregulated immune stimulation in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) may be a risk factor for developing lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD). Markers of ARD activity as high erythrocyte sedimentation rate or erosive joint diseases and the development of B-symptoms were accounted as risk factors for LPD development. We investigated the association of five inflammatory cytokine genes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): TNF-α -308G>A; TGF-β1 gene codon 10 T>C and 25 G>C; IL-10 promoter SNPs -1082 A>G, -819T>C, and -592A>C; IL-6 -174G>C; and IFN-γ 874 T>A with the risk of LPD development in ARD patients. The study was conducted on 70 patients divided into group I, 25 ARD patients diagnosed as RA (n = 15) and SLE (n = 10) and with no history of malignancy; group II, 25 patients diagnosed with LPD and had no ARD; and group III, 20 patients diagnosed with both diseases: ARD and LPD. Cytokine genotyping was analyzed by PCR-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP). Results ARD+LPD patients had significantly higher frequency of TNF-α -308A allele and AA+AG genotype (high TNF-α producers) and IL-10 -1082A allele and AA genotype (low IL-10 producers) than ARD patients (p = 0.003, p = 0.024, p = 0.003, p = 0.03, respectively) with a significantly increased risk of LPD development in ARD patients expressing the corresponding alleles and genotypes. No significant differences were detected in the distribution frequency of either TGF-β1, IL-6, or IFN-γ SNPs between groups I and III or any of the studied SNPs between groups II and III. The distribution frequency of IL-10 ATA haplotype was significantly increased in group III as compared to group I (p = 0.037). Conclusion The significantly increased frequency of the high-TNF-α- and low-IL-10-producing alleles and genotypes in ARD patients may participate in the provision of a proinflammatory milieu that eventually increases the risk of LPD development.

scholarly journals Effect and mechanisms of reproductive tract infection on oxidative stress parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation, and semen quality in infertile males

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Sheng Liu ◽  
Xiao-Dong Mao ◽  
Feng Pan ◽  
Rui Fang An
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Elastase Level

AbstractRecent years have seen a rising incidence of male infertility, mostly caused by the decline of sperm quality. The ratio of infertile males to infertile females has escalated from 3:7 in 2013 to current 5:5, which turns male infertility into the research focus of reproductive medicine. This study aimed to clarify the effect of reproductive tract infection by ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and chlamydia trachomatis (CT) on the DNA integrity and routine semen parameters of infertile males. A retrospective study was performed. A total of 259 infertile males who were treated at the Andrological Laboratory Examination and Reproductive Medicine Center in our hospital were analyzed. qRT-PCR was used to examine the infection status of CT and UU. According to the eligibility criteria, we evaluated the semen parameters and biochemical data of 253 men. Based on the results of PCR, the subjects were divided into four groups: Group I (CT positive, 63 cases), Group II (UU positive, 60 cases), Group III (CT positive and UU positive, 62 cases), and Group IV (no infection, 68 cases). DNA fragmentation index (DFI), sperm count, vitality and morphology, elastase level, seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed. Compared to Group IV, three groups (Group I, Group II and Group III) showed difference in semen volume, proportion of sperm with normal morphology, sperm motility, progressive motility, and vitality (P < 0.05). Compared to Group IV, Group II and Group III showed difference in DFI (P < 0.05). Compared to Group IV, Group II and Group III showed difference in elastase level (P < 0.05). VCL, VSL, VAP, WOB, ROS, TM, HDS showed differences between groups of abnormal/normal WBC (*P < 0.01).UU infection significantly increased the level of seminal leukocytes only in Group II, but not in the other three groups, indicating that UU is a factor to increase the level of seminal leukocytes. Compared with the normal leukocyte group, there were significant differences in total motility, forward motility and normal sperm ratio between the two groups. The proportion of sperm with abnormal morphology (mostly in the head) showed obvious difference between groups of high and normal seminal leukocytic levels. At the same time, in this study, SCGE and SCD verified that leukocytes could damage sperm DNA by increasing ROS, which ultimately affects male fertility.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

Effect of amino acid infusion on renal hemodynamics in humans: a dose-response study

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. F703-F708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Giordano ◽  
P. Castellino ◽  
E. L. McConnell ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Group Ii

We evaluated the dose-response relationship between the plasma amino acid (AA) concentration and renal hemodynamics in eight normal subjects. After an overnight fast, a balanced 10% AA solution was infused for 180 min at five separate infusion rates: 0.5 (group I), 1.0 (group II), 2.0 (group III), 4.0 (group IV), and 6.0 (group V) ml.kg-1.min-1 on separate days. Basal plasma AA concentration was 1.87 +/- 0.1 mmol/l and increased to 2.26 +/- 0.1 (group I), 2.66 +/- 0.2 (group II), 3.79 +/- 0.5 (group III), 5.81 +/- 0.4 (group IV), and 7.41 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (group V). Basal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) averaged 95 +/- 4 and 476 +/- 29 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1, respectively, and rose to 98 +/- 5 and 506 +/- 40 (group I) [P = not significant (NS)], 102 +/- 3 and 533 +/- 30 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 110 +/- 4 and 567 +/- 29 (group III), 115 +/- 7 and 610 +/- 55 (group IV), and 117 +/- 7 and 614 +/- 66 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1 (group V) (P = NS vs. group IV). Basal plasma glucagon concentration averaged 68 +/- 10 pg/ml and increased to 74 +/- 10 (group I), 83 +/- 11 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 100 +/- 14 (group III), 121 +/- 14 (group IV), and 229 +/- 35 pg/ml (group V) (P < 0.01 vs. basal). Increases in plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin levels were observed only during groups IV and V.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effect of concurrent exposure of toxic concentrations of lead and endosulfan on oxidative stress indices in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Ranganathan V ◽  
◽  
Malik JK ◽  
Rao GS ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

The effect of concurrent exposure of toxic concentrations of lead and endosulfan were evaluated on oxidative stress parameters in male wistar rats. Group I served as untreated control whereas Group II received drinking water containing lead as lead acetate @1000 ppm (Pb1000). Group III was exposed to feed containing technical grade endosulfan @ 100 ppm (E100). Group IV was exposed to Pb (1000) +E (100). All the treatments were given daily for 28 days. Combination of lead and endosulfan modified the indices of oxidative stress in the parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase in rats as compared to their individual compounds. The results suggest that the combination of these individual compounds may have the potential to modify oxidative stress produced by single compounds in male rats

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