scholarly journals Bovine Manure as a Rich Source for Isolation of Halo-Tolerant Bacterial Strains Capable of PAHs Biodegradation in Slurry Bioreactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 14964-14973
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Microbacterium Paraoxydans

This study aimed to isolate a bacterial consortium that capable of decomposing PAHs. Three halo-tolerant bacterial strains of Microbacterium paraoxydans B3F (S1), Stenotrophomonas N3 (S2), and Citrobacter NB2 (S3) were isolated from bovine manure. The isolate Microbacterium paraoxydans B3F showed the least resistance to salinity and growth not observed at 2 and 2.5% of NaCl, while isolate Citrobacter NB2 indicated growth in all salinity levels. The PHE biodegradation was more efficient in bacterial consortium compared to pure culture. At the end of the 35th day, the removal efficiency of PHE with an initial concentration of 100 mg/kg for seed volumes of 2, 10, and 20 mL was 33%, 50%, 52%, respectively. The TPHs biodegradation efficiencies at different soil/water ratios of 25%, 50% and 100% were 12%, 28.7 % and 60.8%, respectively. Three halo-tolerant bacteria were isolated from Bovine manure were efficiently used for bioremediation of phenanthrene.

Comparative Bio-sorption of Cadmium and Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Fibers of Date Palm using Fluidized Bed Column

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512
Author(s):  
Baker M. Abod ◽  
Ramy Mohamed Jebir Al-Alawy ◽  
Firas Hashim Kamar ◽  
Gheorghe Nechifor
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bed Height

The aim of this study is to use the dry fibers of date palm as low-cost biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution by fluidized bed column. The effects of many operating conditions such as superficial velocity, static bed height, and initial concentration on the removal efficiency of metal ions were investigated. FTIR analyses clarified that hydroxyl, amine and carboxyl groups could be very effective for bio-sorption of these heavy metal ions. SEM images showed that dry fibers of date palm have a high porosity and that metal ions can be trapped and sorbed into pores. The results show that a bed height of 6 cm, velocity of 1.1Umf and initial concentration for each heavy metal ions of 50 mg/L are most feasible and give high removal efficiency. The fluidized bed reactor was modeled using ideal plug flow and this model was solved numerically by utilizing the MATLAB software for fitting the measured breakthrough results. The breakthrough curves for metal ions gave the order of bio-sorption capacity as follow: Cd(II)]Ni(II).

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Whole Oyster Shells for Removing Copper, Zinc, Chromium, and Cadmium Heavy Metal Ions from Stormwater

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4184
Author(s):  
Zhiying Xu ◽  
Caterina Valeo ◽  
Angus Chu ◽  
Yao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Initial Concentration

This research investigates the use of a common food waste product for removing four different types of metals typically found in stormwater. Whole, unprocessed oyster shells are explored for use in stormwater management infrastructure that addresses water quality concerns. The role of the shells’ surface area, exposure time, and the solution’s initial concentration on the removal efficiency were examined. Beaker scale experimental results demonstrated very good efficiency by the oyster shells for removing copper ions (80–95%), cadmium ions (50–90%), and zinc ions (30–80%) but the shells were not as effective in removing hexavalent chromium (20–60%). There was a positive relationship between initial concentration and removal efficiency for copper and zinc ions, a negative relationship for hexavalent chromium, and no relationship was found for cadmium ions. There was also a positive relationship between surface area and removal efficiency, and exposure time and removal efficiency. However, after a certain exposure time, the increase in removal efficiency was negligible and desorption was occasionally observed. A mid-scale experiment to mimic real-world conditions was conducted in which continuous inflow based on a 6-h design storm was applied to 2.7 kg of whole, unprocessed oyster shells. The shells provided an 86% and an 84% removal efficiency of cadmium and copper ions, respectively, in one day of hydraulic retention time. No removal was observed for hexavalent chromium, and zinc ion removal was only observed after initial leaching. This work has significant implications for sustainable stormwater infrastructure design using a material commonly found in municipal food waste.

Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticide in a Packed-Bed Plasma Reactor: Effects of Operating Parameters and Kinetics Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1637-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Jun Ma ◽  
Yi Qing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Voltage ◽  
Initial Concentration

The degradation effectiveness and reaction kinetics of representative organophosphorus (OP) pesticide in a packed-bed plasma reactor have been studied. Important parameters, including peak voltage, pulse frequency, gas-flow rate, initial concentration, diameter of catalyst particles, and thickness of catalyst bed which influences the removal efficiency, were investigated. Experimental results indicated that rogor removal efficiency as high as 80% can be achieved at 35 kV with the gas flow rate of 800 mL/min and initial concentration of 11.2 mg/m3.The removal efficiency increased with the increase of pulsed high voltage, and pulse frequency, the decrease of the diameter of catalyst particles and the thickness of catalyst bed. Finally, a model was established to predict the degradation of the rogor, which generally can simulate the experimental measurements to some degree.

Preparation of Sands Modified by Aluminous Salt and its Adsorption Capability of CD2+

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 856-859
Author(s):  
Chun Sheng Ding ◽  
Yang Ping Fu ◽  
Qian Fen Zhu ◽  
Jing Fu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Adsorption Capability

In this experiment quartz sand was chosen as a carrier to be coated by aluminous salt under alkaline condition, and then the specific surface area was tested, and the adsorption capability and Cd2+ removal influencing factors of modified sand were studied. The investigation results showed that the specific surface area of modified sand was 75.244m2/g which was 9.38 times of that of original sand; the removal efficiency of Cd2+ by aluminous salt modified sand reached 59% contrast to 39% of original sand with pH 7.00. It was also found that the removal efficiency of Cd2+ by the aluminous salt modified sand was reduced with the increase of initial concentration of Cd2+ solution, and was enhanced with the increase of pH value, the Cd2+ removal efficiency was almost 71% with pH 9.0.

Efficacy of Cavern Isolates for Biodegradation of Synthetic Plastic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Tabassum ◽  
Muhammad Luqman ◽  
Fariha Hasan ◽  
Fariha Arooj ◽  
Saif Ur Rehman Kashif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ldpe Film ◽  
Intermediate Metabolites ◽  
Bacillus Sonorensis ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
First Time

: Synthetic plastic waste management is a tenacious environmental concern at the global level. Although all types of synthetic plastics are a nuisance to the environment, however, versatility and one time use have made polyethylene (PE) a foremost environmental issue. The current study has investigated cavern bacterial strains isolated from PE samples from San Giovanni cave, Sardinia, Italy for their efficacy to biodegrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film. It was an initial effort to use cavern bacteria in plastic biodegradation studies. Chemical and physical changes in the composition of LDPE were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after incubation with the bacterial consortium for two months. Collected cavern PE plastic samples were also studied for biodegradation after incubation in nutrient broth for two months. FTIR revealed obvious signs of degradation with the appearance of two new peaks of functional groups, nitriles (C≡N) and amines (N-H) in LDPE film, which are intermediate metabolites of β- oxidation pathway. An increase in various existing peaks of several intermediate metabolites including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and carboxylic acids, were also observed in experimental LDPE compared to control. Peaks of alkanes decreased significantly owing to cavern bacterial activity. SEM revealed biofilm formation on experimental LDPE surface with substantial mechanical damage. Similar signs of degradation were observed in the cavern PE samples. Four bacterial strains in the current consortium, including Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus subtilis, Aneurinibacillus spp., and Alcaligenes faecalis are first time reported to be linked with biodegradation of plastics. The cavern bacteria under study have the potential to biodegrade LDPE.

scholarly journals Evaluation of removal efficiency of residual diclofenac in aqueous solution by nanocomposite tungsten-carbon using design of experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1466-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Salmani ◽  
M. Mokhtari ◽  
Z. Raeisi ◽  
M. H. Ehrampoush ◽  
H. A. Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Carbon Nanocomposite ◽  
Maximum Removal

Wastewater containing pharmaceutical residual components must be treated before being discharged to the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of tungsten-carbon nanocomposite in diclofenac removal using design of experiment (DOE). The 27 batch adsorption experiments were done by choosing three effective parameters (pH, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration) at three levels. The nanocomposite was prepared by tungsten oxide and activated carbon powder in a ratio of 1 to 4 mass. The remaining concentration of diclofenac was measured by a spectrometer with adding reagents of 2, 2′-bipyridine, and ferric chloride. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the main and interaction effects. The equilibrium time for removal process was determined as 30 min. It was observed that the pH had the lowest influence on the removal efficiency of diclofenac. Nanocomposite gave a high removal at low concentration of 5.0 mg/L. The maximum removal for an initial concentration of 5.0 mg/L was 88.0% at contact time of 30 min. The results of ANOVA showed that adsorbent mass was among the most effective variables. Using DOE as an efficient method revealed that tungsten-carbon nanocomposite has high efficiency in the removal of residual diclofenac from the aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Efficient removal of arsenic from water by dielectrophoresis-assisted adsorption

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066-1072
Author(s):  
Q. H. Jin ◽  
C. Y. Cui ◽  
H. Y. Chen ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. F. Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Plant Ash ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

Abstract Adsorption (ADS) and dielectrophoresis (DEP) techniques were combined (ADS/DEP) to efficiently remove As(V) in industrial wastewater. Fly ash, activated carbon, corncob and plant ash were tested to determine the best adsorbent by their adsorption capacity. Plant ash showed the highest adsorption capacity compared with the others. Different parameters such as solution pH and adsorbent dose were explored. The maximum As(V) removal efficiency was 91.4% at the optimized conditions (pH 9.0, adsorbent dose 5 g/L) when the initial concentration of As(V) was 15 mg/L. With the ADS/DEP technique, the plant ash particles with adsorbed As(V) were trapped on the electrodes in a DEP device. The ADS/DEP process could increase the removal efficiency of As(V) to 94.7% at 14 V even when the initial concentration of As(V) was 15 mg/L. And the residual concentration of As(V) decreased to 0.34 mg/L after two series of the ADS/DEP process. The adsorbents before and after DEP were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. After the DEP process, the weight percentage of As(V) on the adsorbent surface increased to 0.96% from 0.5%. The ADS/DEP process could be a new efficient way to remove arsenic pollutant at high concentrations.

scholarly journals Acid Blue 25 Removal by using Electro-Persulfate Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Sodium Persulfate ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Acid Blue 25 ◽  
Sulfate Process ◽  
Acid Blue

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the electro-persulfate process in removing acid blue 25 from aqueous solution. In order to optimize the parameters, the OFAT method was used, and the effect of three main parameters, including pH, sodium persulfate salt concentration, and current intensity was investigated. According to the results, the optimal removal efficiency of 94% in 60 minutes was obtained under conditions of pH=5, the initial concentration of sodium persulfate=250 mg / L, and the current=500 mA. According to the results of this study, the electro-persulfate process sulfate process can be an efficient process for dye removal from industrial effluents.

scholarly journals Copper and Lead Ions Removal by Electrocoagulation: Process Performance and Implications for Energy Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Aji Prasetyaningrum ◽  
Dessy Ariyanti ◽  
Widayat Widayat ◽  
Bakti Jos
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Electroplating Wastewater ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process

Electroplating wastewater contains high amount of heavy metals that can cause serious problems to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to remove heavy metals from electroplating wastewater. The aim of this research was to examine the electrocoagulation (EC) process for removing the copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) ions from wastewater using aluminum electrodes. It also analyzes the removal efficiency and energy requirement rate of the EC method for heavy metals removal from wastewater. Regarding this matter, the operational parameters of the EC process were varied, including time (20−40 min), current density (40−80 A/m2), pH (3−11), and initial concentration of heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metals ions was analyzed using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method. The results showed that the concentration of lead and copper ions decreased with the increase in EC time. The current density was observed as a notable parameter. High current density has an effect on increasing energy consumption. On the other hand, the performance of the electrocoagulation process decreased at low pH. The higher initial concentration of heavy metals resulted in higher removal efficiency than the lower concentration. The removal efficiency of copper and lead ions was 89.88% and 98.76%, respectively, at 40 min with electrocoagulation treatment of 80 A/m2 current density and pH 9. At this condition, the specific amounts of dissolved electrodes were 0.2201 kg/m3, and the energy consumption was 21.6 kWh/m3. The kinetic study showed that the removal of the ions follows the first-order model.

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