scholarly journals Anti-cancer potential of natural products: recent trends, scope and relevance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 902-907
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Culturing Conditions

Disease can occur due to alterations in many physiological processes. A variety of factorsare known to be involved in the progression of cancer, a chronic diseasethat occurs due to permissible proliferative signaling, avoiding growth suppressors, resisting cell death, allowing replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, and inducing invasion and metastasis, along with reprogramming of metabolic pathways involved in energy production and avoiding the host immune response for cell destruction. Treatment of such a multifactorial disease has very less cure rate because of the singular agents tried in the past for targeting. Molecular level studies with deeper insight are urgently neededthat focus on the most promising herbal-derived bioactive substances for which thorough research was carried out in the literature in various data-bases such as PUB-MED, MEDLINE, SCOPUS indexed journals etc. to look for systematic reviews of the protocols or data interpretation, natural drug/immunological properties and validation. As immune system plays avery important role in the proliferation or suppression of cancer and other autoimmune diseases, It is the dire need to study the effect of such natural compound on the immune system so that a possible drug target or epitope can be identified for the treatment of such diseases. In nutshell there are many nonclinical in vitro and in vivo studies on herbal medicines which commonly supports the traditional therapeutic claims. It has been seen from the previos studies in literature that the yield and composition of bioactive compounds derived from plants are dependent upon the production source,culturing conditions and extraction protocols.Therefore appropriate optimization conditions would certainly assist the medical and scientific fraternity to accept herbal products as potential candidates for cancer treatment. In this article we explored the different natural products, their immunological effects concerning cancer with no or negligible side effects. However,one has to look for potential herb–drug or herb-epitope interactions and how immune system responds to such drugs.

scholarly journals The Immunomodulatory, Nitric Oxide and Cytokine activity of SeptilinTM

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-688
Author(s):  
Mujeeb Hoosen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Natural Medicine

Objective: Herbal immunomodulatory preparations are increasing in popularity. In vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies are needed to ensure safety, quality and efficacy of these herbal medicines. SeptilinTM, a proprietary herbal medicinal product has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects. Methods: For this narrative review the author surveyed the primary literature on SeptilinTM and its ingredients with regards to immunomodulatory, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine activity. Databases utilized included Pubmed, Science Direct and EBSCO, Google Scholar as well as a hand search through journals and bibliographies was included. English language restriction was observed. The following parameters had to be met for study inclusion: investigations on SeptilinTM as a formulation (liquid or dried form) were accepted. Research on the isolated constituents of SeptilinTM (single herbs) was also accepted. The accepted model types included; in vitro and in vivo, animal and human models. The following were also required; method of preparation of the SeptilinTM, concentration of the plant preparation and dose/exposure time. Only studies providing statistically significant results with regards to immunomodulatory, cytokine and nitric oxide activity were included. Results: SeptilinTM and its ingredients had effects on at least one cytokine. The most frequently studied cytokines were IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF, and IFN. Many studies also reported on NO activities. SeptilinTM and its ingredients demonstrated modulation of several cytokines with varying results on NO activity. The bulk of studies conducted on SeptilinTM and its ingredients were in vitro, the few in vivo studies were mainly conducted in rats or mice models with a few studies conducted on humans. Conclusion: The in vitro and in vivo research demonstrates that SeptilinTM and its ingredients modulate the secretion of multiple cytokines and NO with varying effects on cytokine and NO secretion due to divergent research methodologies. The reported therapeutic success of these herbal products by natural medicine practitioners and clinicians may be due to their effects on cytokine and NO activity. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.675-688

Novel Phytochemical Constituents and their Potential to Manage Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla ◽  
Arifullah Mohammed ◽  
Kokkanti Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Large Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a large population worldwide and stands as one of the major global health challenges to be tackled. According to World Health Organization, about 400 million are having diabetes worldwide and it is the seventh leading cause of deaths in 2016. Plant based natural products had been in use from ancient time as ethnomedicine for the treatment of several diseases including diabetes. As a result of that, there are several reports on plant based natural products displaying antidiabetic activity. In the current review, such antidiabetic potential compounds reported from all plant sources along with their chemical structures are collected, presented and discussed. This kind of reports are essential to pool the available information to one source followed by statistical analysis and screening to check the efficacy of all known compounds in a comparative sense. This kind of analysis can give rise to few numbers of potential compounds from hundreds, whom can further be screened through in vitro and in vivo studies, and human trails leading to the drug development. Methods: Phytochemicals along with their potential antidiabetic property were classified according to their basic chemical skeleton. The chemical structures of all the compounds with antidiabetic activities were elucidated in the present review. In addition to this, the distribution and their other remarkable pharmacological activities of each species is also included. Results: The scrutiny of literature led to identification of 44 plants with antidiabetic compounds (70) and other pharmacological activities. For the sake of information, the distribution of each species in the world is given. Many plant derivatives may exert antidiabetic properties by improving or mimicking the insulin production or action. Different classes of compounds including sulfur compounds (1-4), alkaloids (5-11), phenolic compounds (12-17), tannins (18-23), phenylpropanoids (24-27), xanthanoids (28-31), amino acid (32), stilbenoid (33), benzofuran (34), coumarin (35), flavonoids (36-49) and terpenoids (50-70) were found to be active potential compounds for antidiabetic activity. Of the 70 listed compounds, majorly 17 compounds are from triterpenoids, 13 flavonoids and 7 are from alkaloids. Among all the 44 plant species, maximum number (7) of compounds are reported from Lagerstroemia speciosa followed by Momordica charantia (6) and S. oblonga with 5 compounds. Conclusion: This is the first paper to summarize the established chemical structures of phytochemicals that have been successfully screened for antidiabetic potential and their mechanisms of inhibition. The reported compounds could be considered as potential lead molecules for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Further, molecular and clinical trials are required to select and establish the therapeutic drug candidates.

Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Plant-Derived Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar ◽  
Nurul Iman Natasya Zulkafali ◽  
Azizah Ugusman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that are responsible towards the degradation, repair and remodelling of extracellular matrix components. MMPs play an important role in maintaining a normal physiological function and preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products derived from plants have been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Its active compounds, such as catechin, resveratrol and quercetin, are suggested to play an important role as MMPs inhibitors, thereby opening new insights into their applications in many fields, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review summarises the current knowledge on plant-derived natural products with MMP-modulating activities. Most of the reviewed plant-derived products exhibit an inhibitory activity on MMPs. Amongst MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most studied. The expression of MMPs is inhibited through respective signalling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB and PI3 kinase pathways, which contribute to the reduction in cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation and migration. Most studies have employed in vitro models, but a limited number of animal studies and clinical trials have been conducted. Even though plant-derived products show promising results in modulating MMPs, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to support their therapeutic applications in the future.

Anti-Diabetic Retinopathy Potential of Noni: The beneficial effect and possible mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-21
Author(s):  
Faisal Ali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
High Blood Glucose

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is being evaluated in laboratory research for its benefits as an antioxidant and immunity booster, as well as for its properties to prevent tumors and cure diabetes. The vast spread of Noni in tropical region of the globe, from America reaching to Africa and Southeast Asia, contributed in enhancing its usage and potency due to the diversity in harvest zone. Noni parts comprise fruits, seeds, leaves, and flowers are being used for individual nutritional and therapeutical values. Nevertheless, the fruit is widely characterized to contain the most valuable bioactive substances. On the other hand, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder impacting the small blood vessels in the retina, which includes microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, and hard exudates results from prolonged exposure to high blood glucose levels. The anti-diabetes effect of Noni extract and juice has been examined but the beneficial role of Noni and its potential mechanisms against the development of diabetic retinopathy phenotype is still ambiguous. This review, therefore, will discusses in details the pharmacological actions of M. citrifolia fruit, along with their isolated phytochemical compounds on diabetic retinopathy markers, through describing the conducted in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical data.

scholarly journals Apoptotic or Antiproliferative Activity of Natural Products against Keratinocytes for the Treatment of Psoriasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tse-Hung Huang ◽  
Chwan-Fwu Lin ◽  
Ahmed Alalaiwe ◽  
Shih-Chun Yang ◽  
Jia-You Fang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Product Management ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Psoriasis Therapy

Natural products or herbs can be used as an effective therapy for treating psoriasis, an autoimmune skin disease that involves keratinocyte overproliferation. It has been demonstrated that phytomedicine, which is used for psoriasis patients, provides some advantages, including natural sources, a lower risk of adverse effects, and the avoidance of dissatisfaction with conventional therapy. The herbal products’ structural diversity and multiple mechanisms of action have enabled the synergistic activity to mitigate psoriasis. In recent years, the concept of using natural products as antiproliferative agents in psoriasis treatment has attracted increasing attention in basic and clinical investigations. This review highlights the development of an apoptotic or antiproliferatic strategy for natural-product management in the treatment of psoriasis. We systematically introduce the concepts and molecular mechanisms of keratinocyte-proliferation inhibition by crude extracts or natural compounds that were isolated from natural resources, especially plants. Most of these studies focus on evaluation through an in vitro keratinocyte model and an in vivo psoriasis-like animal model. Topical delivery is the major route for the in vivo or clinical administration of these natural products. The potential use of antiproliferative phytomedicine on hyperproliferative keratinocytes suggests a way forward for generating advances in the field of psoriasis therapy.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Strategies for Neurological Disorders by Natural Products: An update

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneeb U. Rehman ◽  
Adil Farooq Wali ◽  
Anas Ahmad ◽  
Sheeba Shakeel ◽  
Saiema Rasool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategies ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Nature has bestowed mankind with surplus resources (natural products) on land and water. Natural products have a significant role in the prevention of disease and boosting of health in humans and animals. These natural products have been experimentally documented to possess various biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. In vitro and in vivo studies have further established the usefulness of natural products in various preclinical models of neurodegenerative disorders. Natural products include phytoconstituents, like polyphenolic antioxidants, found in herbs, fruits, nuts, vegetables and also in marine and freshwater flora. These phytoconstituents may potentially suppress neurodegeneration and improve memory as well as cognitive functions of the brain. Also, they are known to play a pivotal role in the prevention and cure of different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and other neuronal disorders. The large-scale neuro-pharmacological activities of natural products have been documented due to the result of either the inhibition of inflammatory processes, or the up-regulation of various cell survival proteins or a combination of both. Due to the scarcity of human studies on neuroprotective effects of natural products, this review focuses on the various established activities of natural products in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models, and their potential neuro-therapeutic applications using the available knowledge in the literature.

Prospective Function of Different Antioxidant Containing Natural Products in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Rokeya Akter ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Cognitive Actions ◽  
Neuro Protection ◽  
Neuronal Disorders

: Nature has bestowed humanity through additional resources natural products (NPs) on earth with water. However, NPs have a significant function in the avoidance of disease by boosting health in humans as well as animals. These NPs have been scientifically acknowledged to have a range of biological characteristics like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory actions. Both In vitro and in vivo studies have more recognised the convenience of NPs in different preclinical models of neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, most NPs comprise phytoconstituents, including polyphenolic antioxidants; originate in herbs, fruits, nuts, vegetables as well as also in marine with freshwater flora. These phytoconstituents might actively repress neuro-degeneration and recover memory as like cognitive actions of the brain. Moreover, they are well recognized to participate in an essential position in the prevention like heal of different neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and additional neuronal disorders. In general, the large-scale neuro-pharmacological actions of NPs have been familiar owing to the consequence of also the inhibition of inflammatory processes, or the up-regulation of various cell endurance proteins or a mixture of together. Owing to the shortage of human studies on neuroprotective belongings of NPs, this review highlights a variety of documented actions of NPs in vitro and in vivo preclinical models and their possible neuro-protection applications by the accessible awareness in writing.

Traditional Medicines, HIV, and Related Infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Patel ◽  
P. Bessong ◽  
H. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Anti Hiv

Traditional medicines are an integral part of health care worldwide, even though their efficacy has not been scientifically proven. HIV-infected individuals may use them singularly or in combination with conventional medicines. Many in vitro studies have proven the anti-HIV, anti- Candida, and anti–herpes simplex virus potential of traditional plants and identified some of the mechanisms of action. Very few in vivo studies are available that involve a small number of participants and show controversial results. In addition, knowledge is limited of the role of traditional medicines in the enhancement of the immune system. The use of traditional medicines with antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) has created a problem because drug interactions compromise the efficacy of ARVs. Several currently popular plants have been studied in the laboratory for their interaction with ARVs, with disadvantageous results. Unfortunately, no clinical trials are available. The science of traditional medicines is relatively new and is at present being modernized worldwide. However, there are still ethical issues regarding traditional medicines that need to be addressed—for example, regulations regarding quality control and standardization of medicines, regulation and education of healers who deliver these medicines, and unregulated clinical trials. The workshop addressed the following questions about traditional medicine and their use in HIV infection: What are the mechanisms of action of anti-HIV traditional medicines? Should traditional medicines be used in conjunction with ARV? Do traditional medicines enhance the immune system? Should medicinal plants be used for the control of oral infections associated with HIV? What are the ethical issues surrounding the use of traditional medicines for the treatment of HIV and associated infections?

scholarly journals Pathophysiological Role and Therapeutic Implications of Vitamin D in Autoimmunity: Focus on Chronic Autoimmune Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Bellan ◽  
Laura Andreoli ◽  
Chiara Mele ◽  
Pier Paolo Sainaghi ◽  
Cristina Rigamonti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Wide Range

Vitamin D is a pleiotropic secosteroid yielding multiple actions in human physiology. Besides the canonical regulatory activity on bone metabolism, several non-classical actions have been described and the ability of vitamin D to partake in the regulation of the immune system is particularly interesting, though far stronger and convincing evidence has been collected in in vitro as compared to in vivo studies. Whether vitamin D is able to regulate at physiological concentrations the human immune system remains unproven to date. Consequently, it is not established if vitamin D status is a factor involved in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases and if cholecalciferol supplementation acts as an adjuvant for autoimmune diseases. The development of autoimmunity is a heterogeneous process, which may involve different organs and systems with a wide range of clinical implications. In the present paper, we reviewed the current evidences regarding vitamin D role in the pathogenesis and management of different autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Using Porcine Jejunum Ex Vivo to Study Absorption and Biotransformation of Natural Products in Plant Extracts: Pueraria lobata as a Case Study

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Joëlle Houriet ◽  
Yvonne E. Arnold ◽  
Léonie Pellissier ◽  
Yogeshvar N. Kalia ◽  
Jean-Luc Wolfender
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pueraria Lobata ◽  
Intestinal Membrane ◽  
Untargeted Metabolite Profiling ◽  
The Impact

Herbal preparations (HPs) used in folk medicine are complex mixtures of natural products (NPs). Their efficacy in vivo after ingestion depends on the uptake of the active ingredient, and, in some cases, their metabolites, in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, correlating bioactivities measured in vitro and efficacy in vivo is a challenge. An extract of Pueraria lobata rich in different types of isoflavones was used to evaluate the capacity of viable porcine small intestine ex vivo to elucidate the absorption of HP constituents, and, in some cases, their metabolites. The identification and transport of permeants across the jejunum was monitored by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), combining targeted and untargeted metabolite profiling approaches. It was observed that the C-glycoside isoflavones were stable and crossed the intestinal membrane, while various O-glycoside isoflavones were metabolized into their corresponding aglycones, which were then absorbed. These results are consistent with human data, highlighting the potential of using this approach. A thorough investigation of the impact of absorption and biotransformation was obtained without in vivo studies. The combination of qualitative untargeted and quantitative targeted LC-MS methods effectively monitored a large number of NPs and their metabolites, which is essential for research on HPs.

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