scholarly journals Effective Utilization of Pineapple Waste, Evaluation of Ferulic Acid, Micro Nutrients and Antioxidant Property

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Phosphorus Iron

India is the second-largest producer of fruit and vegetable producers. Usually, after fruit intake, fruit peel is left as waste. The main bioactive components of pineapple are phenolic compounds, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids. Ferulic acid is a phenolic acid widely used in the nutritional and cosmetic fields. In this study, pineapple peel was dried, powdered, and vitamin content (A, B, B1, B2, B6, B12 & C), calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc and food fiber were analyzed. Moreover, in the present study, traditional and non-conventional processes such as Soxhlet extraction, supreme fluid extraction, and normal solvent extraction was used for the extraction of ferulic acid, which is a precursor for vanillin synthesis. The quantification of ferulic acid was done by High performance fluid chromatographic (HPL C) method. After the above-mentioned extraction process overall phenolic and antioxidant activity were also evaluated and compared. The highest concentrations of ferulic acid (0.7696g/100 g), phenolic compound (2.365mg / GAE), antioxidant activity (45 percent), and yield (90.5 %) were obtained for Soxhlet extraction using methanol.

scholarly journals Valorization of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) By-Product through Application of Subcritical Water Extraction

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1878
Author(s):  
Jelena Vladić ◽  
Martina Jakovljević ◽  
Maja Molnar ◽  
Senka Vidović ◽  
Milan Tomić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
By Products

In the present study, valorization of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) by-product from the filter tea industry was investigated through the application of subcritical water for the extraction of bioactive compounds. The influence of different process parameters (temperature 120–200 °C, extraction time 10–30 min, and HCl concentration in extraction solvent 0–1.5%) on extract quality in terms of content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was investigated. Optimal conditions of the extraction process (temperature 198 °C, extraction time 16.5 min, and without acidifer) were determined and, when applied, the most efficient exploitation of by-products is achieved, that is, attainment of extracts rich in total phenols and flavonoids and high antioxidant activity. In addition, by applying the high performance liquid chromatographic analysis, the content of chlorogenic acid was determined as well as the hydroxymethylfurfural content in obtained extracts. The results demonstrated that subcritical water can be successfully used for utilization of yarrow by-products for obtaining extracts rich in antioxidants.

scholarly journals PROFIL DAN ANALISIS AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DALAM EKSTRAK AIR MENIRAN YANG DIKERINGKAN DENGAN METODE YANG BERBEDA Profile and Analysis of Antioxidant Activity in Dried Meniran Water Extracts using Different Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Ai Sri Kosnayani ◽  
Liah Badriah ◽  
Asep Kurnia Hidayat ◽  
Muhammad Eka Asri Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Water Infusion ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Color Visualization

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) is a medicinal plant that can reduce obesity status, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, and have antioxidant activity. Meniran has been long used as a medicinal plant, but its utilization in a form of water infusion is still rare. This research is a continuation study which aims to identify the biomolecules that have antioxidant activity in water infusion of meniran. The making of water infusion of meniran requires drying process, which can be done by room temperature drying and sun drying. Phenol and fl avonoid compounds in meniran are assumed to have antioxidant activity. Both compounds are easily oxidized and isomerized due to sun exposure. It is assumed that the drying method will aff ect the presence of phenol and fl avonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity. The study began with the process of sun drying and room temperature without direct sun exposure. Then the extraction process used water soxhlet by soxhlet extraction method. The extract was then tested qualitatively using the DPPH IC50 method. The results of the qualitative analysis with meniran color visualization are positive containing fl avonoids and phenols. The results of quantitative analysis of meniran which are dried by sun drying; fl avonoids 0.90% w/w and 1.65% w/w phenols, in samples stored at room temperature: 2.00% w/w fl avonoids and phenol 56.16% w/w. The antioxidant activity of IC50-DPHH in extract concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20 ppm) of dried meniran at room temperature 18.48 ppm, sun drying cannot be determined.

Comparative conventional extraction methods of ethanolic extracts of Clinacanthus nutans leaves on antioxidant activity and toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 3139-3149
Author(s):  
Pei Ni Chuah ◽  
Dhalini Nyanasegaram ◽  
Ke-Xin Yu ◽  
Rasny Mohamed Razik ◽  
Samer Al-Dhalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Magnetic Stirring ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans ◽  
Conventional Extraction

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the antioxidant activity and toxicity of Clinacanthus nutans leaves from three conventional extraction methods, i.e. maceration, Soxhlet and magnetic stirring.Design/methodology/approachTotal flavonoid content (TFC) and phenolic content (TPC) were determined using colorimetric method of aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay, respectively. Antioxidant property of C. nutans was evaluated using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-pierylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Cytotoxic activity of C. nutans against brine shrimp was evaluated based on LC50 (lethality concentration) after 24 h exposure to the plant extract.FindingsThe highest TPC of C. nutans was observed with Soxhlet extraction method (98.87 ± 10.43 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE/g) followed by maceration (68.77 ± 2.45 mg of GAE/g) and magnetic stirring (46.75 ± 2.45 mg of GAE/g). Interestingly, remarkable highest TFC was observed with magnetic stirring (568.90 ± 4.85 mg of rutin equivalent (RE)/g) followed by maceration (249.60 ± 2.79 mg of RE/g) and Soxhlet (174.8 ± 1.74 mg of RE/g). On the other hands, the extract obtained using maceration method showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50: 14.18 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid 144.36 µg/mL). Cytotoxicity of C. nutans from all extraction methods showed similar LC50 values with maceration (3.81 mg/mL), Soxhlet (2.61 mg/mL) and magnetic stirring (4.56 mg/mL), respectively.Originality/valueBoth phenolic and flavonoids are responsible for the antioxidant activity, of C. nutans extracts. Based on Meyer's toxicity index, all extracts were nontoxic (LC50>1 mg/mL).

scholarly journals Mikroenkapsulasi Antosianin Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Dengan Metode Koaservasi Kompleks

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Siska Syahfitri Lubis ◽  
Evi Sulastri ◽  
Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Recovery Test ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Anthocyanin is a class of antioxidants that are widely found in the skin of cocoa fruit (Theobroma cacao L.). Anthocyanin degradation occurs not only during the extraction process from plant tissues but also during the storage process. The microencapsulation process can protect the active substance from environmental influences or improve the stability of the preparation. This study aims to characterize anthocyanin microcapsules from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) fruit peel using a complex coacervation method, therefore, it can provide economic value added from this plant. Anthocyanin microencapsulation was formulated using a coating of  gelatin: arabic gom with different concentrations of 1:1, 3:2, and 2:1. Microcapsule characterization was organoleptic and morphological test, particle size distribution, moisture content test, absorption efficiency, recovery test, antioxidant activity of the preparation, and FTIR analysis. The results showed that extract yield was 39.82%, optimum microcapsule characterization was obtained from 1: 1 concentration with 36.65% recovery test, 80.40% absorption efficiency, and antioxidant activity with IC50 of 20.52 ppm.

scholarly journals Separation of 6-Gingerol in Zingiber Officinale Rubrum Varieties Using an Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Herliati Rahman ◽  
Satrio Nur Pambudi ◽  
Wahyu Endrunaka
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Red Ginger

Gingerol is a chemical compound found in red ginger, with pharmaceutical use as an analgesic drug. Generally, gingerol separation in ginger uses the Soxhlet extraction method, but this process has a weakness. It requires a long process and unsatisfactory yield. This research aims to study ultrasonic frequency effect on increasing gingerol yield in the extraction process. The variables studied were extraction times with variations of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. In addition, the ultrasonic effect was also observed with variations in the ultrasonic frequency of 40 and 50 kHz compared to the solvent extraction method. This study used 70% (v/v) ethanol as a solvent and an operating temperature of 50 ºC as fixed variables.Furthermore, it used a rotary vacuum evaporator at a pressure of 350 mmHg to separate the resulting gingerol extract. Qualitative sample analysis used Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while quantitative analysis used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Waters Alliance e2695 brand with X-Terra RP18 column 100 x 4.6 mm, five μm to determine the total gingerol extract. The results showed that ultrasonic power had a significant effect on the results obtained, with the highest yield was 24.71% at the ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz with an extraction time of 120 minutes.

scholarly journals Ionic Liquid–Ultrasound-Based Extraction of Biflavonoids from Selaginella helvetica and Investigation of Their Antioxidant Activity

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmei Jiang ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Xiankui Ma ◽  
Fengqin Jiang ◽  
Qun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Reducing Power Assay ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Assay

As a new and green solvent, ionic liquids (ILs) have received more attention during the green extraction and separation process for natural medicines. In this paper, IL-ultrasound-assisted extraction (IL-UAE) of total biflavonoids (TBFs) from Selaginella helvetica was firstly developed, and different ILs were employed and compared. Based on single-factor experiment, solid–liquid ratio (1:10–1:14 g/mL), IL concentration (0.6–1.0 mmol/mL), and extract temperature (40–60 °C) were further explored, according to response surface methodology (RSM), with TBF yields as the index. Moreover, antioxidant activity of TBF extract was analyzed by four methods, i.e., 2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzth-iazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assay, ferric ion reducing power assay, and chelation of ferrous ions assay. The results indicated that [C6mim]PF6 had a high selectivity and efficiency. Moreover, important parameters for the extraction process were investigated and optimized. Through parameter optimization (0.8 mmol/L, 250 W, 40 min, 1:12.7 g/mL, and 47 °C), a yield of 18.69 mg/g biflavonoids was obtained from the extract of S. helvetica. Compared with ethanol-UAE, heat-reflux extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and percolation extraction, IL-UAE could not only obtain higher yield in a shorter time, but also reduce the solvent consumption. In addition, TBF extract showed potential antioxidant activity based on the above four antioxidant methods. In short, IL-UAE was first employed to develop a novel and green extraction method for TBF content, and this experiment provides valuable references for further utilization of S. helvetica.

ORGANIC ACIDS, SUGARS, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Malus floribunda coccinella FRUIT, PEEL AND FLESH

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Hacer Coklar ◽  
Mehmet Akbulut ◽  
Iliasu Alhassan ◽  
Şeyma Kirpitci ◽  
Emine Korkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Malus Floribunda

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Hai Trieu Ly ◽  
Tuan Anh Vo ◽  
Viet Hong Phong Nguyen ◽  
Thi My Sa Pham ◽  
Bich Thao Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Punica Granatum L

Background: The natural antioxidants have an important role in the prevention of many diseases. The aim of study is to investigate phytochemical components, antioxidant activity and acute oral toxicity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peel (PFP) extract. Materials and methods: Phytochemicals of PFP were determined by qualitative chemical tests, thin layer chromatography, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. The PFP extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH assay and MDA assay. In vivo acute oral toxicity test was conducted using Karber-Behrens method to determine LD50. Results: Results illustrated that PFP mainly contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenes, saponins, and coumarins. PFP extract exhibited the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents with 189.97 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 9.42 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities of PFP extract were expressed with IC50 value of 4.80 μg/mL and 0.38 μg/ mL, sequentially. Simultaneously, the Dmax (the maximum dose administered to mice that no toxicity was observed) of PFP extract was determined to be 21.28 g/kg, equivalent to 35.64 g dried herb. Conclusion: The PFP extract is relatively safe and revealed high antioxidant activity. Key words: Punica granatum L.; polyphenols; flavonoids; gallic acid; quercetin; antioxidant activity; acute oral toxicity

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