scholarly journals Study of the motor transport influence on the thermal regime of the territories adjacent to highways

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 207-219
Author(s):  
A Mulina ◽  
A Pavlуchenko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Temperature Mode ◽  
Close Relationship

Goal. Investigation of the surface’s temperature of highways of the Dnipro city depending on the type of covering, features of the territory development, locality relief and weather conditions with the subsequent environmental recommendations. Research results. The temperature regimes of the highway, sidewalks, as well as the areas adjacent to the highways of the Dnipro city were assessed. Measurements of surface temperatures on different sections of highways were carried out three times a day: in the morning from 8.00 to 9.00, in the afternoon - from 13.00 to 14.00 and in the evening from 18.00 to 19.00. It is established that in the studied areas the fluctuations of the temperature difference in the morning are: section №1 from 7.7 °С to 13.4°С, section №2 from 13.2 °С to 21.1 °С, section №3 from 8,3 to 16.5 °C. The surface temperature of the asphalt during the day varies in the area №1 from 22.9 ° C to 40.5 ° C, the area №2 from 19.6 ° C to 28.3 °C, the area №3 from 27.3 °C to 37,3 °C. It is established that at increase of air temperature by 3 °С (from 29 °С to 32 °С) the surface of an asphalt covering in open space heats up to 68,5 °С. The surface temperature of the asphalt in the evening differs in the area №1 from 0 °C to 8 °C, the area №2 from 3.5 °C to 4.3 °C, the area №3 from 3.1 °C to 14.5 °C. At an air temperature in the evening 28-30 °С,maximum temperature of the asphalt surface in open space reaches54,2 °С. Scientific novelty. Regularities of change of a temperature mode of a canvas of the highway, sidewalks, and lawns depending on features of construction and gardening of the territory adjacent to highways are established. Practical meaning. The results of the study confirmed the close relationship between the temperature regime and the nature of the construction of the territory, the presence of large areas of open space, as well as the intensity of traffic at intersections. The results of the work can be used to improve the methods of thermal management of territories in the area of highway influence.

Modelling pavement temperature for winter maintenance operations

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Sherif ◽  
Yasser Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
Pavement Surface ◽  
Pavement Temperature

Road and highway maintenance is vital for the safety of citizens and for enabling emergency and security services to perform their essential functions. Accumulation of snow and (or) ice on the pavement surface during the wintertime substantially increases the risk of road crashes and can have negative impact on the economy of the region. Recently, road maintenance engineers have used pavement surface temperature as a guide to the application of deicers. Stations for road weather information systems (RWIS) have been installed across Europe and North America to collect data that can be used to predict weather conditions such as air temperature. Modelling pavement surface temperature as a function of such weather conditions (air temperature, dew point, relative humidity, and wind speed) can provide an additional component that is essential for winter maintenance operations. This paper uses data collected by RWIS stations at the City of Ottawa to device a procedure that maximizes the use of a data batch containing complete, partially complete, and unusable data and to study the relationship between the pavement surface temperature and weather variables. Statistical models were developed, where stepwise regression was first applied to eliminate those variables whose estimated coefficients are not statistically significant. The remaining variables were further examined according to their contribution to the criterion of best fit and their physical relationships to each other to eliminate multicollinearities. The models were further corrected for the autocorrelation in their error structures. The final version of the developed models may then be used as a part of the decision-making process for winter maintenance operations.Key words: winter maintenance, pavement temperature, statistical modelling, RWIS.

scholarly journals Identification of solar radiation effect on climatic indicators of the territory of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Physical Processes

Formulation of the problem. Understanding that solar energy is the main source of the majority of biological, chemical and physical processes on Earth, investigation of its influence on different climatic fields allows us to define the features of its space and hour fluctuations. To define radiation and temperature regime of the territory it is necessary to determine climatic features of the spreading surface, which absorbs and will transform solar energy. Considering the fact that modern climatic changes and their consequences cover all components of the system, today there is a problem of their further study for comprehension of atmospheric processes, modeling weather conditions on different territories depending on the properties. The purpose of the article is to determine interrelations between indexes of solar radiation (the Wolf's number) and air temperature, atmospheric pressure on the territory of Ukraine during 1965-2015, their change in space and time. Methods. Correlative method is one of the main methods of a statistical analysis which allows us to receive correlation coefficients of solar radiation variability indexes, air temperature, atmospheric pressure on the territory of the research. This technique estimates the extent of solar radiation influence on temperature regime of the territory and distribution of atmospheric pressure. Results. Coefficients of correlation, which characterize variability of solar radiation indexes, air temperature and atmospheric pressure on the explored territory have been received by means of statistical correlation analysis method. This technique allows us to estimate the degree and nature of solar radiation influence on a temperature regime of the territory and distribution of atmospheric pressure. It has been defined that direct correlative connection between indexes of solar radiation is characteristic of air temperature and atmospheric pressure fields. Significant statistical dependence between incoming solar radiation on the territory of Ukraine and atmospheric pressure has been noted during the spring and autumn periods mainly at the majority of stations. Between indexes of solar radiation and air temperature the inverse correlative connection in winter will be transformed to a direct connection during the spring and summer periods. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Physical processes, which happen in the atmosphere, are characterized by complex interrelations. For further research it is important to define solar radiation value and the extent of influence on climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Sea surface temperature variations in the south-eastern BalticSea in 1960–2015

Baltica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Rukšėnienė ◽  
Inga Dailidienė ◽  
Loreta Kelpšaitė-Rimkienė ◽  
Tarmo Soomere
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

This study focuses on time scales and spatial variations of interrelations between average weather conditions and sea surface temperature (SST), and long-term changes in the SST in south-eastern Baltic Sea. The analysis relies on SST samples measured in situ four times a year in up to 17 open sea monitoring stations in Lithuanian waters in 1960–2015. A joint application of non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis reveals four distinct SST regimes and associated sub-regions in the study area. The increase in SST has occurred during both winter and summer seasons in 1960–2015 whereas the switch from relatively warm summer to colder autumn temperatures has been shifted by 4–6 weeks over this time in all sub-regions. The annual average air temperature and SST have increased by 0.03°C yr–1 and 0.02°C yr–1, respectively, from 1960 till 2015. These data are compared with air temperatures measured in coastal meteorological stations and averaged over time intervals from 1 to 9 weeks. Statistically significant positive correlation exists between the SST and the average air temperature. This correlation is strongest for the averaging interval of 35 days.

scholarly journals The Vertical Stratification of Air Temperature in the Center of Athens

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Georgakis ◽  
M. Santamouris ◽  
G. Kaisarlis
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Urban Geometry ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The intraurban temperature variation in the center of Athens, Greece, was investigated in relation to urban geometry. This paper describes two main tasks: 1) Air temperature was recorded in the center of Athens and at the Meteorological Service Station at the University of Athens. Experimental data were collected through extensive monitoring at four different heights inside five different urban canyons in the center of Athens during the summer period. A measurement uncertainty analysis was carried out to estimate critical threshold values of air temperature below which differences were not significant. 2) The correlation between urban–suburban air temperature differences was assessed, using the geometrical characteristics of each urban street canyon. Urban–rural air temperature differences were considered to be not important if they were below the threshold value of 0.3°C. It was concluded that the major factor controlling urban–suburban air temperature differences was the geometry of the urban area. Other factors were the orientation of the observational sites, the current weather conditions, and the inversion of air masses adjacent to the ground level. An increase in the value of aspect ratios leads to a decrease in the difference between air inside the canyons and at the suburban station. The air temperature profile in an open-space area was the most important defining factor for the stratification of the urban–rural air temperature differences.

IV.—A Note on the Secular Changes of Rock Temperature on the Calton Hill

1932 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
F. J. W. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
Rock Temperature ◽  
The Mean

1. The observations of rock temperature on the Calton Hill have recently been analysed by Mr R. W. Wrigley, with a view to the discovery of changes going on gradually and independent of weather conditions. Mr Wrigley took groups of years, such that the mean air temperature was the same for each group, and found the mean rock temperature for like periods. He trusted that in this way he would be able “to get rid of the surface temperature variations.” The result of the calculations was that for different periods in which the mean air temperature was the same the temperature of the rock might vary by half a degree Fahrenheit. The rock temperature had a maximum about 1856, fell until 1892, and rose after that date.

Temperature-Based Criteria for Opening Newly Laid Repaired Asphalt Pavement Sections to Traffic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
L. He ◽  
L. Chu ◽  
T. F. Fwa
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Allowable Temperature

To avoid premature damage, a newly laid asphalt pavement repair must be allowed to cool sufficiently before opening to air traffic. This study examines the variations of temperature within different repaired asphalt layers during cooling, and makes recommendations with regard to the choice of temperature-based criteria for determining the earliest time to open a newly laid asphalt pavement section to air traffic in a busy airport. Using finite element simulation analysis, the cooling patterns of asphalt layers under the following conditions were studied: three different weather conditions (sunny daytime, cloudy daytime, and nighttime) with three different wind speeds. It is shown that the common practice of relying on surface temperature to determine the time for opening to traffic is unsatisfactory. This is because under most paving conditions, a large proportion of the newly laid asphalt layer would still have temperatures higher than the surface temperature. From finite element analysis for different paving and environmental conditions, it is recommended that the temperatures at an interior point be measured at either 1/2, 2/3, or 3/4 depth, and that nighttime paving be preferred. This study shows that for common asphalt pavement repairs of thicknesses up to 150 mm, taking the temperature at either 2/3 or 3/4 depth as the guide, a repaired asphalt layer, when opened to air traffic, would have its internal maximum temperature kept within 2°C of the preset maximum allowable temperature. If the 1/2 depth temperature is selected as a guide, a margin of within 4°C of the preset maximum allowable temperature can be achieved.

scholarly journals APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI PENGINDERAAN JARAK JAUH UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI HEAT ISLAND (“PULAU PANAS”) DI KOTA PEKANBARU

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikhwan ◽  
Hadinoto Hadinoto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Building Area ◽  
Satellite Image Data

The increasingly development in Pekanbaru city caused the environmental change. This condition also affected to the increased of surface temperature on the urban area of Pekanbaru City. The increasing of surface temperature will lead the increasing of air temperature which could impact to the uncomfortable activity in Pekanbaru City. The high air temperature in urban areas is caused by increasing built-up areas and declining green open space. Green open space should be built to lower air temperature and to create a comfortable micro climate. Green open space should be developed at locations with high air temperature to reach its efficiency. The research was aimed to identify the phenomena of Heat Island in Kota Pekanbaru. The processing satellite image data of band 6 of Landat 7 ETM+ was conducted to produce the distribution of surface temperature in Pekanbaru City. The results shows that, the surface temperature of the urban area is higher than the green open space area, especially for residence area, road, office building area and bare land. This condition indicates that the phenomena of Heat Island accurs in Pekanbaru City.

scholarly journals Moisture content of cereals at harvesting time by comparing microclimate values and standard weather data

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
A.J. Atzema
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Equilibrium ◽  
Screen House

The moisture content of wheat and barley together with the weather elements were measured at 3 different experimental sites in the Netherlands in 1990-91. The difference in the dew point temperature in the screen[house] and in the field was small. However, the differences between air temperature in the screen and those at different heights in wheat and in barley stands were considerable. In daytime the surface temperature of barley was higher than that of wheat under the same weather conditions as a result of a higher absorbtion coefficient. Both for wheat and barley, the maximum difference between the calculated moisture content was 0.5%, using the air temperature at 1.5 m height from the nearest standard weather station and the surface temperature of the spikes. Barley had a greater daily cycle in the moisture content of the grains than wheat as a result of a high equilibrium moisture content during the night and a low one in daytime.

scholarly journals Elevation Effects on Air Temperature in a Topographically Complex Mountain Valley in the Spanish Pyrenees

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Francisco Navarro-Serrano ◽  
Juan Ignacio López-Moreno ◽  
Cesar Azorin-Molina ◽  
Esteban Alonso-González ◽  
Marina Aznarez-Balta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Spanish Pyrenees ◽  
Lapse Rates

Air temperature changes as a function of elevation were analyzed in a valley of the Spanish Pyrenees. We analyzed insolation, topography and meteorological conditions in order to understand how complex topoclimatic environments develop. Clustering techniques were used to define vertical patterns of air temperature covering more than 1000 m of vertical elevation change. Ten locations from the bottom of the valley to the summits were monitored from September 2016 to June 2019. The results show that (i) night-time lapse rates were between −4 and −2 °C km−1, while in the daytime they were from −6 to −4 °C km−1, due to temperature inversions and topography. Daily maximum temperature lapse rates were steeper from March to July, and daily minimum temperatures were weaker from June to August, and in December. (ii) Different insolation exposure within and between the two analyzed slopes strongly influenced diurnal air temperatures, creating deviations from the general lapse rates. (iii) Usually, two cluster patterns were found (i.e., weak and steep), which were associated with stable and unstable weather conditions, respectively, in addition to high-low atmospheric pressure and low-high relative humidity. The results will have direct applications in disciplines that depend on air temperature estimations (e.g., snow studies, water resources and sky tourism, among others).

scholarly journals Summer temperature regimes in southcentral Alaska streams: watershed drivers of variation and potential implications for Pacific salmon

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Mauger ◽  
Rebecca Shaftel ◽  
Jason C. Leppi ◽  
Daniel J. Rinella
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Southcentral Alaska ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Cook Inlet Basin

Climate is changing fastest in high-latitude regions, focusing our research on understanding rates and drivers of changing temperature regimes in southcentral Alaska streams and implications for salmon populations. We collected continuous water and air temperature data during open-water periods from 2008 to 2012 in 48 nonglacial salmon streams across the Cook Inlet basin spanning a range of watershed characteristics. The most important predictors of maximum temperatures, expressed as mean July temperature, maximum weekly average temperature, and maximum weekly maximum temperature (MWMT), were mean elevation and wetland cover, while thermal sensitivity (slope of the stream–air temperature relationship) was best explained by mean elevation and area. Although maximum stream temperatures varied widely between years and across sites (8.4 to 23.7 °C), MWMT at most sites exceeded established criterion for spawning and incubation (13 °C), above which chronic and sublethal effects become likely, every year of the study, which suggests salmon are already experiencing thermal stress. Projections of MWMT over the next ∼50 years suggest these criteria will be exceeded at more sites and by increasing margins.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document