scholarly journals Assessing the Participation of Indigenous Santals People in Chapainawabganj District of Bangladesh in Income Generating Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Mithun Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Afroza Awal Shoily ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Umma Musarrat Misu ◽  
Mst Afroza Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
Income Generating Activities ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study was conducted to determine the participation of indigenous people in different income generating activities (IGAs) and identify their problems. The study focused especially the Santal (an indigenous community of Bangladesh) peoples living in Chapainawabganj district. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face to face interview from randomly selected sample size of 120 respondents. The Santals did not have recognizable access to education and income generating activities (IGAs). The main findings indicate that, most of the respondents were in between 29-50 years of age. About 60% of the respondents were illiterate with 80% belonged to medium sized family which consist of 4 to 6 members. Agriculture is the main occupation among of the respondents. Among them, only 3.33% people are involved with Government services. Most of the people are found without own land although they continue their livelihood mostly by crop production, livestock rearing, fish culture and day laboring. They take lease of cultivable land from others. The respondents had an average annual family income of about 71429BDT whereas about 80% of the respondents were under low income category. Lack of money was found the most important problem in the study area according to Focus Group Discussion (FGD). IGAs improved the overall livelihood status of the Santals in the study area. The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 137-143

scholarly journals Scenario of haor vulnerabilities and other obstacles for sustainable livelihood development in Nikli upazila

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Study Find ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Income Generating Activities ◽  
Per Capita

The study was carried out in haor areas situated in Nikli upazila under Kishoregong district to explore the socioeconomic vulnerabilities status of the people residing near deep haor areas and their dependency on its natural resources. Total 110912 local residents who depend on the wetland for their survival are poor, with an annual average per capita income Tk 3175, a literacy rate is 20.5%.Total cultivable land 17912.75 hectares, fallow land 1007.59 hectares; single crop 79.32% and double crop land 20.68%; land under irrigation 90%.This paper also sheds light on the status of livelihood using resources and face problems are barriers to sustainable livelihood development. There haor based alternative activity is fishing (20%) followed by duck rearing (3%), Beef fating (6.6%), The study find 71% households were found effectively landless of which about 55% were absolutely landless and 17% households were migrated and 78.9% haor households are suffered from food insecurity mainly because of landlessness, mono-crop cultivation, seasonal unemployment and natural calamities. The study suggests that the avenues for prospective coping strategies are to put a stop to existing leasing system of haor water bodies, making proper arrangements for creating alternative income generating activities throughout the year. Change the money lending system and taking preventives and curative measures for natural calamities. Keywords: Socioeconomic; Indicator; Sustainable livelihood; Climate change DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7939 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 283-290, 2010

scholarly journals Perception and Practice of Hand-washing among Children in Rural Area of Rajshahi

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Md Jawadul Haque ◽  
Chinmoy Kanti Das ◽  
Rowsan Ara ◽  
Md Nurul Amin ◽  
Md Entekhab Ul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This cross-sectional type of descriptive study was undertaken to assess the awareness and practice of hand-washing among children in three villages of Puthia Upazila, Rajshahi District, Bangladesh. A total of 1152 children aged 5 – 18 years old were purposively selected from the study area. Majority (96%) of them was students of primary or secondary grade. A few were involved in business, farming, service and others. Face to face interview was conducted with the help of a semi structured questionnaire on the variables of interest. Nearly half (49.5%) of the respondents was 11-15 years and the rest >15 years old. Male-female distribution was almost equal. Fathers of the children were service-holder (18.7%), businessman (28.6%), farmer (26.1%) and day-laborer/rickshaw puller (26.5%). Nearly 60% of respondents belonged to poor family having monthly income Taka < 10000. Majority (97.1%) of the respondents was aware of the importance of hand washing and 75% perceived that diseases could be prevented through hand washing. More than 90% of the respondents were used to using soap and water for washing hands and over 80% washed hands regularly. Over three-quarters (77.8%) were accustomed to washing hands in school before tiffin. Most (81.8%) of the respondents used sanitary latrine for defecation. The use of soap-water for washing hands after defecation was significantly higher in older children (> 12 years) than that in younger children (≤ 12 years) (p = 0.020). The use of soap water for washing hands after defecation tends to be associated with children’s grade of education with higher tendency being observed in children of secondary and higher secondary school (p < 0.001). Children belonging to higher family income were more cautious in using soap/antiseptics (p < 0.001). The study concluded that perception and practice of hand-washing is appreciably high among rural children. However, older children, children studying in secondary grade and belonged to families with higher monthly income were more cautious about hand-washing.TAJ 2013; 26: 82-91

Agricultural Drought in Bangladesh

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan U. Ahmed ◽  
Anwar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
The People ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Bangladesh is globally known as a flood-vulnerable country—an almost flat land with too much water. In terms of annual per capita availability of water resources, it ranks among the highest in the world. But a lesserknown disaster that affects a significant proportion of its fertile land is drought. The occurrence of droughts may largely be attributed to two recent phenomena: (1) an extensive adoption of high yielding varieties (HYV) of paddy (i.e., rice) in the drier months; and (2) constraints faced in water availability during premonsoon months due to upstream water withdrawal from river systems. Up to 15% of the total cultivable land (about 0.9 million ha) now experiences droughts of moderate to very severe intensity, once in every two years (Iqbal and Ali, 2001). This chapter examines the causes of droughts in the context of the country’s complex water regime, the implications of droughts, and the ways to monitor them. About 80% of annual monsoon rainfall over the country occurs during the period from June to the first week of October. The western zones of the country receive less rainfall, averaging about 1400 mm, compared to the national average of 2150 mm, and therefore the susceptibility to droughts in the western zones of the country is higher. Table 24.1 provides a chronological overview of areas and populations in Bangladesh affected by droughts during the 1950–79 period. The economy of Bangladesh significantly depends on agriculture. More than 63% of 130 million people, confined within a territory of 147,750 km2, find employment in agriculture (MOF, 2003). Although the share of the crop production in the gross domestic product (GDP) has been declining steadily in recent times, dropping from 24.66% in 1990–91 to 18.58% in 2002–03, it still is the predominant economic activity of the majority of the people (Ahmad and Ahmed, 2002). More than 80% of the households in rural Bangladesh are directly dependent on the production of various crops. Paddy (rice) is the main crop, occupying about 80% of the cultivated land. Multiple varieties of paddy are grown in the country.

scholarly journals The Impact of Coastal Forest Succession and the Healthcare Challenges in Eastern Obolo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ettemfon Silas Udom ◽  
Iniodu George Ukpong ◽  
Anietie Udom
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

The impact of coastal forest succession and the healthcare challenges was conduct in some selected oil communities in Eastern Obolo. The area was abandoned after severe environment devastation by Oil Company. The major objective of the study was to determine how successions by exotic plants, impacted on the healthcare need of the people. Questionnaires, structured group – discussion and field survey were used to obtained primary data from the field, while internet and library provided the secondary data. Three 25 x 25 cm plots with replicates were designed for recording of plants of 1.0 m in height. ANOVA was employed to determine the relationship between coastal succession and healthcare challenges of the people. From the result, it was observed that succession by Nypa fruticans and the extinction of the original plants were evidence. The soil analysis shows that the nutrients were relatively normal for mangrove ecosystem. Tidal actions, deforestation, pollution, channelization, rise in sea level and flooding were factors that facilitates succession (Xs). Loss of medicinal plants, loss of herbs, low income, proximity to healthcare centres and drugs availability/affordability were healthcare challenges indices (Y). The regression of the Xs and Y variables were significant at 0.05% probability test. It was concluded that loss of medicinal plants, herbs, inaccessibility of health facilities and low income due to succession by exotic Nypa fruticans constituted a serious health problems to the coastal people.

scholarly journals Effects of wood harvesting on the livelihood of forest fringe communities in southwest Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
F. Awe ◽  
T.O. Olarewaju ◽  
L.A. Orumwense ◽  
B.T. Olatunji
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
The People ◽  
Fringe Communities ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Food Crop Production ◽  
Key Informant Interview

This study was carried out to assess effects of wood harvesting on the livelihood of forest communities in Ibarapa region, southwest, Nigeria. The  study was conducted to identify the various livelihood activities engaged in by forest communities in the region; to assess how wood harvesting in the forests has affected the livelihood of the people in the region as well as to determine the factors influencing wood harvesting in the region. Three hundred copies of structured questionnaire were used to elicit information from the respondents. Focused Group Discussion and Key Informant Interview were also used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results show that various livelihood activities were engaged in by the respondents, prominent among which were food crop production, cash crop production, charcoal production, among others. Among the factors that were responsible for wood harvesting in the region, only age, occupation, household size and the distance of respondent’s house to the forest were significant at 5%. It was observed that excessive wood harvesting has negatively affected the forests in the study area as most of the forests have been greatly degraded. This study recommends that the activities of forest communities should be regulated by local authorities and governments, at different levels, in order to sustain the forests in the region. Key words: timber, charcoal, lumbering, regression, fuelwood

The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act Of 2006: Does It Rehabilitate?

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-80
Author(s):  
Anne Mariquit D. Oppus ◽  
Frances Mae C. Trabajo
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Law ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

 This study was conducted to record the perception of the Children-in-conflict with the Law (CICL). The services assessed the following: Physical, Moral, Spiritual, Intellectual, and Social Well-being; it further assesses the effectiveness delivered by the RRCY and whether RA 9344 rehabilitates. The methods used are qualitative through interview methods on implementing the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 (RA 9344), as amended by RA 10630, at the Regional Rehabilitation Center for the Youth (RRCY) in Argao, Cebu.  The study participants were then identified as Children-in-conflict with the law (CICL) who come from the Province of Bohol. A researcher-made semi-structured questionnaire was used to guide the face-to-face interviews conducted and supported by a focused-group discussion. It was, however, a short-term interview with the participants, limited to the perception of the CICL, their parents, and the staff while the CICL were undergoing rehabilitation thereat. The study revealed the effectiveness of the services delivered by the RRCY and the narrative of the respondents, RA 9344 rehabilitates. Thus, continuity in the services rendered by the rehabilitation center and that of the community shall be reintegrated. Therefore, a Barangay-based Reintegration Program is recommended.

scholarly journals Disability Burden of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications

1970 ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ziaul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Monthly Family Income ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Years Lived With Disability ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This specific analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Out Patient Department (OPD) of BIRDEM hospital to estimate and compare disability burden of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and its complications during the period of January-June 2003. Data was collected by face-to-face interview with a semi-structured questionnaire and a checklist. To estimate disability burden, Years lived with Disability (YLD) was calculated. Out of total 154 patients, 53% were female while 47% were male and their mean age was 47.02 (± 8.42) years. Around 48% patients claimed the onset age of 40-49 years. Average monthly family income of the patients was TK.16,488.27±6042.40 and 27% of them were illiterate. Out of all, 72% patients had diabetes with complications while the rest 28% had diabetes without complications. With regard to disability burden, total 473.43 YLDs was shared by the patients of which only 20.46% YLD was shared by diabetes itself while major part of YLD (79.54%) was shared by its complications and the discrepancy was statistically significant (‘t'(152) =11.34, p < 0.01). It was revealed that the highest YLD was incurred by DM with cardiovascular diseases (37.56%) followed by DM with retinopathy (19.82%) and DM with nephropathy (12.98%). More YLD (52.65%) was shared by the patients with poor compliance with therapy while 34.27% and 13.08% YLD were incurred by the patients with moderate and good compliance with therapy respectively. Older patients shared more YLD than the younger patients and the disparity was statistically significant (‘t'(152)=9.53, p < 0.01). More YLD was shared by the patients with long duration of the disease than the patients with short duration and this divergence was statistically significant (‘t'(152)=8.71, p < 0.01). The study outcome will recommend for reduction of burden of DM by averting its major complications. Key Words: YLD, DM and Complications   doi:10.3329/jom.v10i3.2012 J Medicine 2009; 10 (Supplement 1): 22-26

scholarly journals A small-scale survey to evaluating the perception of the Nipah virus in Bangladeshi rural community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Wajed ◽  
Muhammad Mohsinul Hoque ◽  
Arnob Biswas ◽  
Sutapa Bhowmik ◽  
Popy Devnath
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The People ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Background Nipah virus is a zoonotic agent causing diseases with extremely high mortality rate and several outbreaks have been reported from different parts of the world. Bangladesh is one of the country having repeated Nipah outbreaks since 2001.Objective To prevent an outbreak, it is necessary to understand public awareness and knowledge about the epidemic agent. This study was aimed to determine the level of knowledge and awareness related to NiV infection and to assess the potential risk of NiV disease among the rural population of Bangladesh.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 200 respondents from different villages of Bangladesh. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews in January 2021 using structured questionnaire.Results From the survey it was found that 58.5% respondent of the study unknown about the term Nipah virus. However, maximum people seem to be aware of the fact that a virus infected person should be isolated as they can spread the disease further. The awareness level of the people is classified as “very poor”, “poor”, “good” and “excellent” with a percentage of 20%, 23%, 25.5% and 31.5% respectively based on some questions. Bionomial regression analysis showed that education and government campaign were variables associated with the awareness of NiV disease.Conclusion Education and government campaigns need to be stepped up to make rural people aware about this zoonotic disease.

scholarly journals Factors influencing labour and birthing positions in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Barbara Debra Zileni ◽  
Pauline Glover ◽  
Kung-Keat Teoh ◽  
Chisomo Waazileni Zileni ◽  
Amanda Müller
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Family Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childbirth Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Postnatal Women ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Background/aims The World Health Organization encourages women in labour to ambulate and assume upright positions shown to be associated with favourable childbirth outcomes. However, the literature shows that most women in developed and developing countries, including Malawi, give birth in the supine position. There is a lack of research on factors that influence choice of birthing positions among women in Malawi. This study aimed to identify these factors. Methods A face-to-face descriptive survey was conducted on 373 low-risk postnatal women in Malawi. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine association between sociodemographic characteristics and choice of labour and birthing position, as well as to identify predictive factors. Results Walking during labour was significantly associated with age (P=0.018) and monthly family income (P=0.012). During birth, women who had received some degree of education were more likely to use the supine position than those who had not (93% vs 78%; P=0.011). However, women with a higher level of income were less likely to use the supine position than women with low income (82% vs 93%; P=0.005). Conclusions Age, income and education influence Malawian women's choices for labour and birthing position. There is a need for Malawian women to be informed about and encouraged to use different labour and birthing positions, regardless of their socioeconomic and demographic status, to promote positions that improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Childbirth education sessions or classes during antenatal care should include information on different birthing positions.

scholarly journals Study on the dietary habits of women in antenatal period in rural area of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Nasreen Akther
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Antenatal Period ◽  
Microsoft Word ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted at Gazipur,Bangladesh to assess the dietary habits of women in antenatal period in rural area of Bangladesh. A sample of 160 respondents was selected purposively and a semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data by face to face interviews. Data were tabulated, checked and finalized manually and analyzed in Microsoft Word & Excel.The studies revealed that, majority of the respondents 60 (37.5%) were within the age group of 15-24 years. The mean age of the respondents was 29 years. Their monthly family income was more than 10000taka.Regarding duration of pregnancy, majority of the respondents 155(96.875) were full term pregnant andamong them, 110(68.75%) took their meal with family members. Majority of the respondents 87(54.375%) used to eat 3 times daily during their antenatal period. Most of them 147(91.88%) took rice followed by vegetables 114(71.25%) daily. Most of them 95(59.375%) discarded rice ban during cooking. Majority of the respondents 101(63.125%) used to wash vegetables after cutting, more than half of them 90 (56.25%) took advice from health center during antenatal period. Most of them were advised to take nutritious food and eat frequently. So counseling programs may be taken to counsel the women about dietary habits during antenatal period and government should be more concerned about this.

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