scholarly journals Prevalence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli contamination in shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farms, depots and processing plants in different areas of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Faridullah ◽  
Vikash Chandra Roy ◽  
Ulfat Jahan Lithi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Water Pond ◽  
Seafood Processing

A study was conducted to determine the level of contamination by indicator organisms (Salmonella and Escherichia coli) in shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farms, depots and processing plants of Cox’s Bazar, Khulna, Bagerhat and Satkhira districts of Bangladesh using conventional technique of bacterial isolation and identification. The results of this study revealed that prevalence of Salmonella positive samples was 43.7%, 62.5%, 20% and 0.0% for water, pond scum, shrimp and basket samples, respectively at farm level. Meanwhile, the prevalence of E. coli positive samples was 62.5%, 43.7%, 60% and 60% for water, pond scum, shrimp and basket samples, respectively at farm level. In case of depots, shrimp, basket and mat samples were analyzed and found 20%, 56.3% and 23% positive for Salmonella and 53.3%, 37.5% and 92.3% positive for E. coli. Bacteriological assessment of the shrimp samples obtained from four seafood processing plants revealed that all the samples were found contaminated with Salmonella and E. coli except the samples of one industry. Investigation finally showed that with few exceptions all the samples from farms, depots and processing plants have different levels of contamination by Salmonella and E. coli, which is very much alarming for shrimp industry of Bangladesh.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 171-176

Effects of In-Plant Interventions on Reduction of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Background Indicator Microorganisms on Veal Calf Hides†

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONG WANG ◽  
MOHAMMAD KOOHMARAIE ◽  
BRANDON E. LUEDTKE ◽  
TOMMY L. WHEELER ◽  
JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Veal Calf ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Water Rinse

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotypes in veal have recently been recognized as a problem. Because hides are considered to be the principal source of EHEC and hide interventions have been shown to be very efficacious in the control of EHEC in beef processing plants, various hide-directed intervention strategies have been implemented in several veal processing plants to mitigate contamination. We evaluated the effectiveness of three different hide interventions used at veal processing plants: A, a water rinse followed by a manual curry comb of the hide; B, application of 200 ppm of chlorine followed by a hot water rinse; and C, a 5-min treatment with chlorine foam followed by a rinse with 180 to 200 ppm of acidified sodium chlorite. The levels of total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and E. coli, as well as the prevalence of Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and non-O157 EHEC, were determined on hides pre- and postintervention. Interventions A, B, and C reduced indicator organisms (P < 0.05) by 0.8 to 3.5 log CFU, 2.1 to 2.7 log CFU, and 1.0 to 1.5 log CFU, respectively. No Salmonella was detected on hides prior to intervention. E. coli O157:H7 prevalence was observed at only one plant, so comparison was not possible. Other non-O157 EHECs (O26, O103, and O111) were observed for all interventions studied. Interventions A and B reduced culture-confirmed non-O157 EHEC by 29 and 21%, respectively, whereas intervention C did not reduce non-O157 EHEC. Our results show that the most effective veal hide intervention for reducing indicator organisms and EHECs was the application of 200 ppm of chlorine followed by hot water rinse. These data provide options that veal processors can consider in their EHEC control program.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O157 Prevalence and Enumeration of Aerobic Bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli O157 at Various Steps in Commercial Beef Processing Plants†

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRANCE M. ARTHUR ◽  
JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC ◽  
XIANGWU NOU ◽  
STEVEN D. SHACKELFORD ◽  
TOMMY L. WHEELER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
On Line ◽  
Antimicrobial Interventions

The effectiveness of current antimicrobial interventions used in reducing the prevalence or load of Escherichia coli O157 and indicator organisms on cattle hides and carcasses at two commercial beef processing plants was evaluated. Sponge sampling of beef cattle was performed at five locations from the initial entry of the animals to the slaughter floor to the exit of carcasses from the “hotbox” cooler. For each sample, E. coli O157 prevalence was determined and total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli O157 were enumerated. E. coli O157 was found on 76% of animal hides coming into the plants, but no carcasses leaving the cooler were identified as contaminated with E. coli O157. A positive relationship was seen between the incidence of E. coli O157 in hide samples and that in preevisceration samples. Aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts averaged 7.8 and 6.2 log CFU/100 cm2, respectively, on hides, and 1.4 and 0.4 log CFU/100 cm2, respectively, on chilled carcasses. Aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts on preevisceration carcasses were significantly related to the respective levels on the corresponding hides; the carcasses of animals whose hides carried higher numbers of bacteria were more likely to carry higher numbers of bacteria. Implementation of the sampling protocol described here would allow processors to evaluate the efficacy of on-line antimicrobial interventions and allow industrywide benchmarking of hygienic practices.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolates from Different Clinical Samples in Abeokuta, Ogun State

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
S. L. Owolabi ◽  
I. A. Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile

The alarming increase of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli has posed a great challenge in the public health sector. Thus, this microorganism is a leading cause of different human infections and it can be found in various environments. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the multiple antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from some hospitals in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Isolates of E. coli were obtained from different clinical samples and were re-identified morphologically and biochemically. E. coli was isolated from 30% out of a total of 70 clinical samples analyzed for isolation and identification. The isolation rate of E. coli was highest in urine samples 10(47.6%) when compared to other clinical samples. There was significant increase in the resistance rate of E. coli to tetracycline (14.3%), ceftazidime (14.2%), and ampicillin (14.2%).Also, an increased sensitivity rate to augmentin (71.4%), ofloxacin (66.7%), cefuroxime (66.7%), ciprofloxacin (61.9%) and ceftazidime (61.9%) were observed. Furthermore, the overall multiple drug resistance rates obtained was 14(66.7%) and it was established that, multiple antimicrobial resistance of the E. coli isolates was plasmid mediated. E. coli isolates exhibited high resistance rate to multiple antimicrobial agents, however, its sensitivity to augmentin, ofloxacin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime showed that these antimicrobials are still effective against E. coli infections in the study area.

scholarly journals Microbiological Condition of Retail Beef Steaks: A Canadian Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianqin Yang ◽  
Julia Devos ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Mark Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta ◽  
Beef Steaks

The second national baseline microbiological survey of beef steaks offered for retail in Canada was conducted in 2015. A total of 621 steaks of four types (cross rib, CR; inside round, IR; striploin, SL; top sirloin, TS) collected from 135 retail stores in five cities across Canada were tested. Swab samples each from swabbing the entire upper surface of each steak were processed for enumeration of seven groups of indicator organisms: total aerobes (AER), psychrotrophs (PSY), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), pseudomonads (PSE), Brochothrix thermosphacta (BRO), coliforms (COL) and Escherichia coli (ECO). The overall mean values (log CFU/100 cm2) were 5.17±1.29, 4.92±1.36, 4.79±1.42, 3.26±1.49, 2.34±1.88, and 0.80±1.05 for AER, PSY, LAB, PSE, BRO, and COL, respectively. ECO were not recovered from 87.3% of the steaks and when there was recovery, the numbers were mostly ≤ 1 log CFU/100 cm2. Strong correlation was found between the log numbers of AER and PSY, of AER and LAB, and of PSY and LAB, while the correlation between the log numbers of COL and ECO was weak. The numbers of COL and ECO from different groups of steak types or from different cities were not substantially different. Of the four types of steaks, IR had the lowest median values for AER, PSY, LAB, PSE and BRO, followed by CR. The microbiological condition of retail beef steaks in this survey was on par with that in the previous one, with very low numbers of generic E. coli being recovered from very few steaks and the indicators for microbial quality being at numbers much lower than the upper limit for shelf life of beef.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of biofilm forming uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from UTI infected patients of Koshi Zonal Hospital in Biratnagar, Nepal

BIBECHANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
S Chaudhary ◽  
B Khatiwada ◽  
N K Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of biofilm-forming Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) from urine samples isolated from UTI infected patients of Koshi zonal hospital, Biratnagar.Methods: A total of 51 urine samples from urinary tract infected patients were collected from Koshi zonal hospital, Biratnagar in the period of July to August 2017. Following the isolation and identification of biofilm-forming uropathogenic Escherichia coli, antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The biofilm detection was done by Congo red agar method.Results: In the present study, 45% of the urine samples showed a predominant growth of E. coli, among which 70% of isolates exhibited positive biofilm formation. Biofilm forming isolates revealed 100%, 87.5%, 75%, 63% and 12.5% resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, levofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin respectively. Approximately 87.5% of biofilm-forming isolates were found multi-drug resistant.Conclusion: The study revealed the major issue of UTI by E. coli which may be due to poor sanitation, not the proper cleanliness of genitals and unsafe sexual intercourse. Nitrofurantoin and levofloxacin were examined the most effective antibiotics for UPEC. BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 47-54 

scholarly journals Prevalence and molecular detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant genes (qnrA and qnrS) in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
pp. 1720-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Mahmud ◽  
K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain Nazir ◽  
Md. Tanvir Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and molecular detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli carrying qnrA and qnrS genes in healthy broiler chickens in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, and also to identify the genes responsible for such resistance. Materials and Methods: A total of 65 cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy chickens of 0-14 days (n=23) and 15-35 days (n=42) old. The samples were cultured onto Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, and the isolation and identification of the E. coli were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting E. coli 16S rRNA genes. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against five commonly used antibiotics under fluoroquinolone (quinolone) group, namely gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin by disk diffusion method. Detection of qnrA and qnrS genes was performed by PCR. Results: Among the 65 cloacal samples, 54 (83.08%) were found to be positive for E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that, of these 54 isolates, 18 (33.33%) were found to be resistant to at least one fluoroquinolone antibiotic. The highest resistance was observed against pefloxacin (61.11%). By PCR, of 18 E. coli resistant to fluoroquinolone, 13 (72.22%) were found to be positive for the presence of qnrS. None of the isolates were found positive for qnrA. Conclusion: Fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli harboring qnrS genes is highly prevalent in apparently healthy broiler chickens and possesses a potential threat to human health.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Frozen Chicken Meat in Bangladesh

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst. Sonia Parvin ◽  
Sudipta Talukder ◽  
Md. Yamin Ali ◽  
Emdadul Haque Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Tanvir Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Encoding Genes

Escherichia coli is known as one of the most important foodborne pathogens in humans, and contaminated chicken meat is an important source of foodborne infection with this bacterium. The occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec), in particular, in chicken meat is considered a global health problem. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of E. coli, with special emphasis on ESBL-Ec, along with their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern in frozen chicken meat. The study also focused on the determination of ESBL-encoding genes in E. coli. A total of 113 frozen chicken meat samples were purchased from 40 outlets of nine branded supershops in five megacities in Bangladesh. Isolation and identification of E. coli were done based on cultural and biochemical properties, as well as PCR assay. The resistance pattern was determined by the disc diffusion method. ESBL-encoding genes were determined by multiplex PCR. The results showed that 76.1% of samples were positive for E. coli, of which 86% were ESBL producers. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance to 9–11 and 12–13 antimicrobial classes was observed in 38.4% and 17.4% isolates, respectively, while only 11.6% were resistant to 3–5 classes. Possible extensive drug resistance (pXDR) was found in 2.3% of isolates. High single resistance was observed for oxytetracycline (93%) and amoxicillin (91.9%), followed by ampicillin (89.5%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and pefloxacin (88.4%), and tetracycline (84.9%). Most importantly, 89.6% of isolates were resistant to carbapenems. All the isolates were positive for the blaTEM gene. However, the blaSHV and blaCTX-M-2 genes were identified in two ESBL-non producer isolates. None of the isolates carried the blaCTX-M-1 gene. This study provided evidence of the existence of MDR and pXDR ESBL-Ec in frozen chicken meat in Bangladesh, which may pose a risk to human health if the meat is not properly cooked or pickled raw only. This emphasizes the importance of the implementation of good slaughtering and processing practices by the processors.

Enumeration and Identification of Coliform Bacteria Injured by Chlorine or Fungicide Mixed with Agricultural Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1789-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIDEMI IZUMI ◽  
YUJI NAKATA ◽  
AYANO INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Injury ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Water Pond

ABSTRACT Chemical sanitizers may induce no injury (bacteria survive), sublethal injury (bacteria are injured), or lethal injury (bacteria die). The proportion of coliform bacteria that were injured sublethally by chlorine and fungicide mixed with agricultural water (pond water), which was used to dilute the pesticide solution, was evaluated using the thin agar layer (TAL) method. In pure cultures of Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and E. coli O157:H7 (representing a human pathogen), the percentage of chlorine-injured cells was 69 to 77% for dilute electrolyzed water containing an available chlorine level of 2 ppm. When agricultural water was mixed with electrolyzed water, the percentage of injured coliforms in agricultural water was 75%. The isolation and identification of bacteria on TAL and selective media suggested that the chlorine stress caused injury to Enterobacter kobei. Of the four fungicide products tested, diluted to their recommended concentrations, Topsin-M, Sumilex, and Oxirane caused injury to coliform bacteria in pure cultures and in agricultural water following their mixture with each pesticide, whereas Streptomycin did not induce any injury to the bacteria. The percentage of injury was 45 to 97% for Topsin-M, 80 to 87% for Sumilex, and 50 to 97% for Oxirane. A comparison of the coliforms isolated from the pesticide solutions and then grown on either TAL or selective media indicated the possibility of fungicide-injured Rahnella aquatilis, Yersinia mollaretii, and E. coli. These results suggest the importance of selecting a suitable sanitizer and the necessity of adjusting the sanitizer concentration to a level that will kill the coliforms rather than cause sanitizer-induced cell injury that can result in the recovery of the coliforms.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beilei Ge ◽  
Kelly J. Domesle ◽  
Stuart A. Gaines ◽  
Claudia Lam ◽  
Sonya M. Bodeis Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Spp

The role animal food plays in the introduction of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria into the human food chain is not well understood. We conducted an analysis of 1025 samples (647 pet food and 378 animal feed) collected across the United States during 2005–2011 for two indicator organisms (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.). The overall prevalence ranged from 12.5% for E. coli to 45.2% for Enterococcus spp., and 11.2% of samples harbored both organisms. Regardless of bacterial genus, animal feed had significantly higher prevalence than pet food (p < 0.001). A general downward trend in prevalence was observed from 2005 to 2009 followed by an upward trend thereafter. Among E. coli isolates (n = 241), resistance was highest to tetracycline (11.2%) and below 5% for fourteen other antimicrobials. Among Enterococcus spp. isolates (n = 1074), Enterococcus faecium (95.1%) was the predominant species. Resistance was most common to tetracycline (30.1%) and ciprofloxacin (10.7%), but below 10% for thirteen other antimicrobials. Multidrug-resistant organisms were observed among both E. coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates at 3.3%. Compared to National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) 2011 retail meat and animal data, the overall resistance for both organisms was much lower in animal food. These findings help establish a historic baseline for the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance among U.S. animal food products and future efforts may be needed to monitor changes over time.

scholarly journals Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli Survival in Estuarine Bank Sediments

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbubul Siddiqee ◽  
Rebekah Henry ◽  
Rebecca Coulthard ◽  
Christelle Schang ◽  
Richard Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

Estuarine bank sediments have the potential to support the survival and growth of fecal indicator organisms, including Escherichia coli. However, survival of fecal pathogens in estuarine sediments is not well researched and therefore remains a significant knowledge gap regarding public health risks in estuaries. In this study, simultaneous survival of Escherichia coli and a fecal pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, was studied for 21 days in estuarine bank sediment microcosms. Observed growth patterns for both organisms were comparable under four simulated scenarios; for continuous-desiccation, extended-desiccation, periodic-inundation, and continuous-inundation systems, logarithmic decay coefficients were 1.54/day, 1.51/day, 0.14/day, and 0.20/day, respectively, for E. coli, and 1.72/day, 1.64/day, 0.21/day, and 0.24/day for S. Typhimurium. Re-wetting of continuous-desiccated systems resulted in potential re-growth, suggesting survival under moisture-limited conditions. Key findings from this study include: (i) Bank sediments can potentially support human pathogens (S. Typhimurium), (ii) inundation levels influence the survival of fecal bacteria in estuarine bank sediments, and (iii) comparable survival rates of S. Typhimurium and E. coli implies the latter could be a reliable fecal indicator in urban estuaries. The results from this study will help select suitable monitoring and management strategies for safer recreational activities in urban estuaries.

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