scholarly journals A comparative study on fish biodiversity with conservation measures of the Bhairabriver, Jessore, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Abdulla Al Asif ◽  
Md Abdus Samad ◽  
Baadruzzoha Sarker ◽  
Meraz Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Fish Biodiversity ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

The present study was concerned to assess the present status of biodiversity in the Bhairab river, Jessore with its conservation measures. The study was based on primary observations, questionnaire interviews with 50 fishers, focus group discussions with river bank community members and cross-check interviews with key informants. The study was conducted for a period four months from May to August, 2016. The objective of the study was to assess the fish biodiversity in the Bhairab river, understand the existing fishing practices of the river and to identify proper management strategies for the conservation of fish biodiversity. Results of the study revealed that three kinds of fishers were engaged in the Bhairab river namely, professional fishers; seasonal fishers and subsistence fishers. Seven types of fishing gears like seine net, gill net, cast net, push net, lift net, trap and hook and line were operated to fish by the fishers during the survey. A total of 39 species of fish were identified in the catches of the Bhairab River. There are degraded ecosystems and declining biodiversity have found during the study. According to survey, fishing pressure and over fishing were responsible for almost 38% loss and pollution and siltation caused about 27% loss of ecosystem. Around 21% and 14% loss of ecosystem were caused by urbanization and human encroachment, and the recreational activities respectively. These have been created a great impact on river ecology. As a result, the water quality is deteriorating day by day and the availability of fish species and other aquatic biodiversity is decreasing gradually. During the survey, 20 species was found at a risk of being endangered. From the survey, it was found that the overexploitation of fish was responsible for the 40% losses of biodiversity in the Bhairab River and water pollution caused 35% loss of biodiversity. Henceforth, river course change and habitat degradation resulted in 15% and 10% loss of biodiversity of the river respectively. This study was identified possible ways to achieve a rich fish biodiversity in the Bhairab River with social, economic and environmental aspects. The specific recommendations are included community based fisheries management, establishment of sanctuary, control of pollution, maintenance of fishing gears and the implementation of fish act for conservation of fish biodiversity of the Bhairab River.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2017, 3(3): 357-367

Status of fish biodiversity and fishing on Hau River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Vu Ngoc Ut ◽  
Au Van Hoa ◽  
Huynh Phuoc Vinh
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Sampling Gear ◽  
Fish Biodiversity ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
The Status

Fish biodiversity on Hau (Bassac) river was investigated to assess the status of species composition and fishing by fishing gears during a year. Sampling was implemented monthly at the upper part (An Giang province), middle part (Can Tho City) and lower part (Soc Trang province) of Hau River using trawl net as main sampling gear. Additionally, fish composition was also recorded from four other most popular fishing gears including cast net, gill net, fixed net and hook operated in the study sites. Fish species composition was determined by fishing gears and their abundance (CPUE) was calculated only from the main sampling gear (trawl net). The results showed that a total of 176 fish species belonging to 16 orders and 49 families was recorded. Perciformes was the most abundant group with 51 species followed by Cypriniformes with 46 species. The number of fish species was decreasing from upper part to lower part. Trawl net was considered the most destructive gear as up to 145 fish species caught by this device, followed by gill net with 98 species, fixed net 75, cast net 57, and hooks 16 species. CPUE was very low ranging from  0.53 kg.ha−1 h−1 to 26.30 kg.ha−1 h−1. Higher CPUE was recorded at lower part in compared to upper part and middle part, and at dry season in compared to rainy season. Regulation on fishing gears, fishing ground and season should be taken into consideration to protect and conserve the resources.

The utility of non-formal education in addressing the school dropout phenomenon : a case study of Asifundeni Secondary School in Makonde District Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-69
Author(s):  
Francis Muchenje ◽  
◽  
Pedzisai Goronga
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
School Level ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Secondary School Level

The study sought to explore students' views on the utility of non-formal education in addressing the school dropout phenomenon at secondary school level. Qualitative research approach was adopted and a case study design was utilised. The population consisted of all the students in the non-formal programme at the school from which a sample of 11 students (2 male and 9 female) was selected through purposive stratified sampling technique. Data were gathered through structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Non-formal education was seen to address the school dropout phenomenon by providing school drop outs with an opportunity to continue their education and hence becomes a form of empowerment. A number of challenges such as lack of adequate tuition in some subjects, lack of conducive learning environment as well as negative perception of non-formal education held by pupils in the formal stream and community members were identified. The study recommends that the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should review the staffing situation in schools to ensure the availability of teachers in the various subjects in the non-formal stream. Schools should make an effort to provide appropriate learning facilities for students in the nonformal stream. Furthermore, schools should conscientise their communities on the importance of non-formal education.

scholarly journals Rural Roads Are Paving the Way for Land-Use Intensification in the Uplands of Laos

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Castella ◽  
Sonnasack Phaipasith
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The Impact

Road expansion has played a prominent role in the agrarian transition that marked the integration of swidden-based farming systems into the market economy in Southeast Asia. Rural roads deeply altered the landscape and livelihood structures by allowing the penetration of boom crops such as hybrid maize in remote territories. In this article, we investigate the impact of rural road developments on livelihoods in northern Laos through a longitudinal study conducted over a period of 15 years in a forest frontier. We studied adaptive management strategies of local stakeholders through the combination of individual surveys, focus group discussions, participatory mapping and remote-sensing approaches. The study revealed the short-term benefits of the maize feeder roads on poverty alleviation and rural development, but also the negative long-term effects on agroecosystem health and agricultural productivity related to unsustainable land use. Lessons learnt about the mechanisms of agricultural intensification helped understanding the constraints faced by external interventions promoting sustainable land management practices. When negotiated by local communities for their own interest, roads may provide livelihood-enhancing opportunities through access to external resources, rather than undermining them.

scholarly journals Maternal Vaccination in Uganda: Exploring Pregnant Women, Community Leaders and Healthcare Workers’ Perceptions

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Phiona Nalubega ◽  
Emilie Karafillakis ◽  
Lydia Atuhaire ◽  
Pamela Akite ◽  
Flavia Zalwango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Maternal Vaccination ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Maternal Immunisation ◽  
The Government

Background: We investigated pregnant women, community leaders, healthcare workers (HCWs) and programme managers’ perceptions of maternal vaccination in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: We conducted focus group discussions, key informant interviews and in-depth discussions with HCWs (3), community leaders (3), pregnant women (8) and programme managers (10) between November 2019 and October 2020. Data were analysed thematically. Results: Pregnant women, community leaders and some HCWs had limited maternal immunisation knowledge. There was confusion over what constitutes a vaccine. Pregnant women may not receive vaccines because of mistrust of government; use of expired vaccines; reliance on traditional medicine; religious beliefs; fear of side effects; HCWs attitudes; and logistical issues. The key facilitators of maternal vaccination were a desire to prevent diseases, positive influences from HCWs and information about vaccine side effects. Community leaders and some pregnant women highlighted that pregnant women do not make decisions about maternal vaccination independently and are influenced by different individuals, including other pregnant women, older people, partners, relatives (parents), community leaders, HCWs and the government. Conclusions: Our results indicate that public health messaging should target all community members, including partners and parents of pregnant women as well as HCWs, to improve knowledge of and confidence in maternal vaccines.

Voices After Disaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Few ◽  
Mythili Madhavan ◽  
Narayanan N.C. ◽  
Kaniska Singh ◽  
Hazel Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Institute ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Media ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The University ◽  
Disaster Narratives

This document is an output from the “Voices After Disaster: narratives and representation following the Kerala floods of August 2018” project supported by the University of East Anglia (UEA)’s GCRF QR funds. The project is carried out by researchers at UEA, the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay, and Canalpy, Kerala. In this briefing, we provide an overview of some of the emerging narratives of recovery in Kerala and discuss their significance for post-disaster recovery policy and practice. A key part of the work was a review of reported recovery activities by government and NGOs, as well as accounts and reports of the disaster and subsequent activities in the media and other information sources. This was complemented by fieldwork on the ground in two districts, in which the teams conducted a total of 105 interviews and group discussions with a range of community members and other local stakeholders. We worked in Alleppey district, in the low-lying Kuttanad region, where extreme accumulation of floodwaters had been far in excess of the normal seasonal levels, and in Wayanad district, in the Western Ghats, where there had been a concentration of severe flash floods and landslides.

scholarly journals Marine protected area and the spatial distribution of the gill net fishery in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Amorim ◽  
C. Monteiro-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Local Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Management Plans

Abstract This study characterizes the gill net fishery at Colônia de Pescadores Z13 (CPZ13), in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, and its relationship with the marine protected area ‘Monumento Natural do Arquipélago das Ilhas Cagarras – MoNa Cagarras’, describing the fleet and fishing gears, identifying fishing spots, species and their associations by gillnet type. From June 2012 to May 2013, every Tuesday to Sunday, gill net landings were monitored and fishers interviewed regarding their catch. Small boats (dory whaleboats) are used to set three types of gillnets: “Corvineira” (target species – whitemouth croaker), “linguadeira” (target species – flounders) and “rede-alta” (target species – bluefish). Fifty-nine species within 37 families were captured at 14 fishing spots, showing association with bottom type and distance from shore. The use of fisher’s local ecological knowledge defines gear placement at specific sites targeting fisheries resources. All fishing sites are not within the limits of MoNa Cagarras but would benefit from management plans including an MPA buffering zone.

scholarly journals “Why Don’t You Go Into Suburbs? Why Are You Targeting Us?”: Trust and Mistrust in HIV Vaccine Trials in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyabonga Thabethe ◽  
Catherine Slack ◽  
Graham Lindegger ◽  
Abigail Wilkinson ◽  
Douglas Wassenaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Community Advisory Board ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Site Staff

Trust is a key element of high-quality stakeholder relations, which are themselves essential for the success of HIV vaccine trials. Where trust is absent, community stakeholders might not volunteer to become involved in key trial activities, and potential participants might not volunteer for enrollment. We explored site staff and Community Advisory Board (CAB) members’ experiences of trust/mistrust among community members and potential participants. We analyzed 10 focus group discussions with site staff and CAB members at two active South African HIV vaccine trial sites. We report on key characteristics perceived to contribute to the trustworthiness of communicators, as well as factors associated with mistrust. Attributes associated with trustworthy communicators included shared racial identity, competence, and independence (not being “captured”). Key foci for mistrust included explanations about site selection, stored samples, vaccination, and Vaccine Induced Sero-Positivity (VISP). Our findings suggest that community members’ trust is not necessarily global, in which trials are trusted or not; rather, it appears fairly nuanced and is impacted by various perceived attributes of communicators and the information they provide. We make recommendations for clinical trial site stakeholders invested in building trust and for future research into trust at these sites.

scholarly journals An asset-based participatory community analysis of natural hazards in Naphuno, Greater Tzaneen Municipality, Limpopo province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allucia L. Shokane ◽  
Hanna Nel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
Asset Based Community Development

Natural hazards disrupt the daily lives of people and communities. Consequently, social workers, like any other stakeholders, deal with community predicaments arising from the effects of natural hazards. The social relief distress (SRD) programme of government utilises needs-based, top-down government-driven interventions in communities affected by natural hazards, focused on what communities lack, as opposed to what communities have. This research study involved a community that experienced natural hazards, such as flooding, hail, lightning and windstorms, which destroyed property and livelihoods during the period 2014–2015. Eight experts and 12 affected community members participated in a qualitative participatory action research analysis study between 2016 and 2017. Guided by the asset-based community development (ABCD) approach, the affected community participated in a collaborative manner in the analysis of the consequences of natural hazards within the community. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions, and analysed thematically. The findings confirmed the traumatic effects of natural hazards, such as loss of property, crops and livestock, physical injuries and even death. The main finding established that natural hazards should be managed in a collaborative way between formal experts of natural hazards and community members through ABCD principles and methods in building resilient communities.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS PENANGKAPAN DAN DISTRIBUSI UDANG GALAH (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI KAPUAS, KALIMANTAN BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Samuel Samuel ◽  
Siti Nurul Aida
Keyword(s):  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

Suatu riset yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi tentang aktivitas penangkapan dan distribusi udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) di daerah aliaran Sungai Kapuas, Kalimantan Barat telah dilakukan dari bulan Juni sampai dengan Desember 2005. Riset dilaksanakan dengan metode survei dengan cara mendatangi lokasi-lokasi tempat ada aktivitas penangkapan udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Frekuensi survei 2 kali pada musim kemarau dan 2 kali pada musim hujan. Wilayah perairan yang disurvei adalah daerah aliaran Sungai Kapuas dalam Kabupaten Pontianak, Kota Pontianak, Kabupaten Sanggau, dan Kabupaten Sintang. Data dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif dan tabulasi. Dari survei ditemukan 9 jenis alat tangkap yang digunakan nelayan untuk menangkap udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) yaitu pancing, rawai, bubu, jala, jaring, blad, rompong, stroom, dan pukat rantau. Catch per unit of effort terkecil terjadi pada alat tangkap bubu yaitu 1,39 g per per unit per jam, terbesar adalah jala yaitu 416,67 g per unit jala per jam. Intensitas penangkapan terlihat dominan di perairan bagian hilir mencakup wilayah Kabupaten dan Kota Pontianak. Distribusi ukuran bobot individu udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) yang banyak tertangkap oleh nelayan (nilai modus) dari 4 kali survei bervariasi antara 17,73 sampai dengan 40,00 g (Kabupaten Pontianak); 19,31 sampai dengan 47,01 g (Kota Pontianak), 17,79 sampai dengan 45, 35 g (Kabupaten Sanggau), dan antara 25,08 sampai dengan 85,52 g (Kabupaten Sintang). Kualitas air pada habitat tempat udang tertangkap di daerah aliaran Sungai Kapuas dalam batas-batas yang layak untuk mendukung kehidupan ikan dan udang. A study aimed to obtain recent data and information about capture activities and distribution of giant freshwater (Macrobrachiumrosenbergii) prawn in Kapuas River,West Kalimantan was conducted from June to December 2005. Survey method was used in each research stations that are Pontianak district, Pontianak City, Sanggau, and Sintang districts. The stations were selected based on fishing activities and habitat condition. Field survey was completed by conducting 4 times surveys including dry and rainy seasons. Data collected were analyzed by using tabulation and descriptive method. The results showed that there were 9 types of fishing gears commonly used to catch giant freshwater (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) prawn. These fishing gears were : hook and line, long line, pot traps, cast net, gill net, barrier traps, surrounding net, electrical fishing, and surrounding net. Catch per unit effort of the cast net was the highest (416,67 gr per unit per hour, whereas, pot trap was the lowest (1,39 g per unit per hour). Water quality in each stations indicated suitable for aquatic organisms. The capture intensity showed that in downstream(Pontianak District and Pontianak City) was more dominant than in upstream (Sanggau and Sintang Districts). Distribution of weight based on modus indicated variation in each stations, which are 17.73 to 40.00 g (Pontianak District), 19.31 to 47.01 g (Pontianak District), 17.79 to 45.35 g (Sanggau District),and 25.08 to 85.52 g (Sintang District).

scholarly journals The Meaning of Having an Autistic Child in Malay Family Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Cau Kim Jiu ◽  
Somporn Rungreangkulkij
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Child ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Depth Interviews

The condition of families with autistic children raises many views and judgments both from family and society. This ethnographic study aimed to describe the meaning of families and communities towards families with autistic children. Data were collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Key informants come from families who have autistic children and community members recruited by purposive sampling, while the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. This study results generate  two categories of perception of the meaning of having autistic children.  The first category was made by the families which comprises four themes such as 1) A test from God, 2) Destiny of God, 3) Autistic children different with other children, and 4) Children who need intensive helping. The second category was the perception made by the community members which consists of two themes, such as 1) Test for family, and 2) An autistic child as a holy child. This study further shows that  culture is believed to determine how families and the members of the community perceive and interpret the existence of autistic children in the families so that it is very important for health workers to understand the culture that exists in the community.

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